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Biomedical subjects

J E Brorson

Publications and source records attributed to J E Brorson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical evaluation of lysis-centrifugation technique and a biphasic bottle system for blood culture.

The lysis centrifugation technique (Isolator, DuPont) for blood culture was compared with a system with biphasic medium in bottles. The Isolator was filled with 10 ml of blood once. One aerobic and one anaerobic bottle were injected 3 times with 2.5 ml of blood each. Organisms were detected in 90/748 blood cultures; 26 of which were contaminants. 34 pathogens were detected by both methods, 12 with the Isolator only and 18 with the 3 bottle pairs only. The first pair of bottles revealed 45/52 isolates, the second and third pairs gave an additional 6 and 1 isolate respectively. The contamination rate was 2.3% for the Isolator, which is lower than earlier reported, and 1.3% for the bottles. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Isolator gave a faster diagnosis in 23 of the 34 cases. No decrease in the recovery rate was seen after 8 h, the longest recommended transport time for the Isolator tubes. One Isolator gave the same yield as the first pair of bottles and combining the methods increased the yield 25% compared to either method alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Influence of culture medium and inoculum size on susceptibility of Bordetella pertussis to antibacterial agents in vitro.

Experimental examples of different beta-lactam--organism combinations in vitro and in vivo are presented to demonstrate that a rationale for dosage regimens of antibiotics should not be based solely on pharmacokinetic parameters. The time course of the pharmacological response (onset and speed of bacterial killing) and the presence or absence of a postantibiotic effect must also be considered. such pertinent information can be derived from in vitro studies such as time-kill curves and regrowth curves of bacteria obtained at and after short exposure of the target organisms to various concentrations of the drug.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Ureaplasma urealyticum-induced crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphates in synthetic urine.

Crystallization of struvite and calcium phosphates was studied in vitro as encrustations on glass rods immersed in synthetic urine, to evaluate the crystallization capacity of Ureaplasma urealyticum and compare it with that of known urease and non-urease-producing bacteria. Inoculation of the synthetic urine with Ureaplasma urealyticum resulted in alkalinization of the synthetic urine and crystallization of struvite and brushite. Inoculation with Proteus mirabilis caused a faster and more pronounced alkalinization as well as crystallization of struvite and apatite. The alkalinization and crystallization caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus mirabilis was completely prevented by acetohydroxamic acid, a potent urease inhibitor, linking the crystallization to the urease activity of the microorganisms. When the synthetic urine was inoculated with urease-negative Escherichia coli no alkalinization and no crystallization were seen.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1984

Ureaplasma urealyticum and upper urinary tract stones.

The occurrence of bacteria and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the upper urinary tract was studied in 50 patients operated on for renal stones. Cultures were performed on voided urine, pelvic urine obtained during surgery and the stone. The chemical composition of the stones was analysed. Twenty-six stones were of metabolic origin and 24 infection-induced, i.e. composed of struvite and/or carbonate-apatite. Ureaplasma urealyticum was cultured from the upper urinary tract in 1 patient with metabolic stones, and in 7 with infection stones. In 4 of these 7 patients no other urease-producing micro-organism was detected, suggesting that Ureaplasma urealyticum may have been associated with stone formation in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In-vitro sensitivity of Bordetella pertussis.

The in-vitro effect of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole against 152 strains of Bordetella pertussis was investigated. When tested against erythromycin, 96% of the isolated strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 mg/l. The other antibiotics did not inhibit the growth of Bord. pertussis at concentrations judged achievable in-vivo.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1983

Influence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae on certain beta-lactam antibiotics.

Ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefaclor and cefuroxime were exposed to strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae with and without ability to produce beta-lactamase. The antibiotics were dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH 6, 7 and 8 and the mean enzyme activity was calculated from decrease in peak heights by the HPLC technique. Cefuroxime was the most stable drug regardless of pH. For the other antibiotics, changes in pH influenced the results. In infectious processes factors like pH and pCO2 show some variation. This fact may influence the interaction between beta-lactams and beta-lactamases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime in clinical practice.

In an open trial, the efficacy of intravenously administered ceftazidime was evaluated in 106 adult patients with urinary or respiratory tract infections, soft tissue infections, osteitis and septicaemia. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Of 85 organisms isolated before treatment, 79% were cleared and 15% were cleared but later relapsed often because of the underlying conditions. Clinical cure was achieved in 70%, improvement occurred in 25% of the patients and 6% failed to respond. Marked increases in serum creatinine occurred in three patients with pre-existing renal impairment treated with ceftazidime in unmodified dosage. Exanthema, diarrhoea or local thrombophlebitis was noted in 13 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Penicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum after intramuscular, intravenous, and oral administration to syphilitic patients.

Penicillin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were estimated in 19 syphilitic patients given three different regimens: Penicillin G, 10 MIU i.v. three times a day (3 patients); procaine penicillin, 600 000 IU i.m. (11 patients); and penicillin V, 1.2 MIU by mouth four times a day (5 patients). Intravenous administration of penicillin G resulted in a penicillin concentration in CSF of 0.3-0.5 micrograms/ml; In contrast, procaine penicillin, i.m. and penicillin V by mouth did not result in any measurable CSF concentration, even in the presence of pleocytosis and/or barrier lesion. Penicillin V by mouth gave considerably higher serum concentrations than procaine penicillin intramuscular, however. In the light of these results, and reported treatment failures in neurosyphilis and demonstration of viable Treponema pallidum after treatment, we propose that neurosyphilis should be treated with high intravenous doses of penicillin to ensure treponemicidal concentrations in the central nervous system.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim given in single daily doses for three days.

Trimethoprim in a single daily dose of 300 mg was administered at night to 8 healthy volunteers for 3 days. Serum concentrations of trimethoprim were measured after 12, 36, 60 and 84 h. The average trimethoprim concentrations were 3.0, 4.0, 4.7 and 0.96 micrograms/ml, respectively. The urinary concentrations were in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration for most urinary pathogens for up to 5 days after the start of oral medication. The individual variation in bioavailability and urinary excretion was reflected in the varying amount of unchanged trimethoprim excreted in the urine, between 66 and 95%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 180 recent isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined by microdilution technic. There was a high degree of susceptibility to both penicillin G and cefuroxime, except for one strain which required 0.25 microgram/ml. All strains were inhibited by 0.06 microgram/ml of ampicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin. When tested against doxycycline 97.2% of the strains were inhibited by 1.0 microgram/ml. 8 microgram/ml inhibited all strains. Three of the strains were chloramphenicol-resistant with MIC more than 8 microgram/ml. These strains could be shown to inactivate chloramphenicol. All strains but three were susceptible to 20/l microgram/ml of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.

Ampicillin↗