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Biomedical subjects

J E Cilek

Publications and source records attributed to J E Cilek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of temephos and chlorpyrifos-methyl against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in septic tanks in Antalya, Turkey.

The larvicidal activity of chlorpyrifos-methyl and temephos was evaluated against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in septic tanks in Antalya, Turkey. Chlorpyrifos-methyl (Pyrifos MT 25 emulsifiable concentrate [EC] ) was evaluated at application rates of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mg active ingredient (AI)/liter, and temephos (Temeguard 50 EC) was evaluated at 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mg (AI)/liter during a 21-d study. Generally, overall larval reduction in septic tanks from single- and multifamily dwellings treated with either larvicide was significantly greater than pretreatment levels and control tanks for the duration of the study. At 14 d posttreatment, duration of control was greatest in multifamily tanks treated with chlorpyrifos-methyl at the highest application rate with similar levels of control through 21 d for single-family dwellings (range 97-100%). Septic tanks from both types of family dwellings treated at the highest application rate of temephos resulted in >90% reduction through day 21 (range 91-100%). Laboratory bioassays of septic tank water treated at field application rates, without daily dilution, revealed that complete larval mortality was achieved for 21 d at each application rate and formulation. It is thought that daily addition of water and organic matter to the septic tanks in the single and multifamily dwellings influenced the duration of effectiveness of the larvicides.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, against Culex pipiens larvae in septic tank water.

The mosquito Culex pipiens L. is an important pest in urban and suburban areas in many parts of the world. Septic tanks are the most important habitats supporting the production of this species in the city of Antalya, southwestern Turkey. Diflubenzuron, in a 25% wettable powder (Du-dim 25 WP), and a 4% granular formulation (Du-dim 4 G) was evaluated against late 2nd to early 3rd instars of Cx. pipiens in single-family septic tanks. Both formulations were tested at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mg (AI)/liter. The results indicated that both formulations applied at the rate of 0.02 and 0.03 mg (AI)/liter achieved 100% adult inhibition, at intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. Septic tanks treated with 0.01 mg (AI)/liter WP formulation resulted in complete (100%) adult inhibition through 14 days, whereas the G formulation gave the same effect through 21 days posttreatment at this rate.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The effectiveness of the Mosquito Magnet trap for reducing biting midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations in coastal residential backyards.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of single Mosquito Magnet' traps to consistently reduce biting midge populations in a coastal northwest Florida residential neighborhood. Midge abundance from 5 backyards, each with a Mosquito Magnet trap, was compared with 3 backyards without traps (controls). Midge populations were sampled once weekly for 24 h in each backyard by using a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suction trap baited with carbon dioxide. In addition, midge accumulations from Mosquito Magnet traps were collected once a week at the time of CDC trap operation while biting midge populations were manually sampled from each backyard by using a "sand fly bat" (i.e., a wire-handle flyswatter fitted with a 10.5-cm2 plastic 14 X 14 mesh screen). Eighteen midge species were collected during the study but the majority (99.9%) collected from all backyards were (in descending order): Culicoides mississippiensis, C. furens, and C. melleus. Midge populations from CDC traps in yards with Mosquito Magnets were significantly lower on 2 of 45 wk (March 28 and April 3) when compared with control backyards. Weekly reduction attributed to Mosquito Magnets was not consistent and ranged from 4.2 to 85.3%. No significant difference was found in mean midge abundance on sand fly bats from yards with Mosquito Magnets compared with control yards. On the average, cooperators with Mosquito Magnet traps reported that their seasonal level of midge reduction (as related to a monthly ranked degree of annoyance) was variable and often not consistently below their threshold.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Comparative efficacy of IR3535 and deet as repellents against adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Arm-in-cage laboratory evaluations of 2 proprietary formulations of the mosquito repellents IR3535 and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet; aqueous cream, hydroalcoholic spray) were made with 10 and 20% concentrations of each repellent. Also, 4 commercially available products containing IR3535 (Expedition insect repellent 20.07% active ingredient [AI], Bug Guard Plus with SPF30 sunscreen 7.5% AI, Bug Guard Plus with SPF15 sunscreen 7.5% AI, and Bug Guard Plus 7.5% AI) were tested. All comparisons were made on an equal formulation or concentration basis. Eight volunteers tested all formulations or products 3 times against laboratory-reared, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (6-10 days old). Products were applied to a forearm at the rate of 0.002 g/cm2. The other forearm was not treated and served as a control. Elapsed time to 1st and 2nd consecutive bite was recorded. Mean protection time (i.e., time to 1st bite) with proprietary formulations of IR3535 were comparable to those of deet, with 20% concentrations providing greater protection against Ae. aegypti (3 h) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (6 h). Mean protection time for commercial products containing IR3535 ranged from nearly 90 to 170 min for Ae. aegypti and 3.5 to 6.5 h for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mean time to the 2nd bite was similar to time to 1st bite for each mosquito species, product, and formulation.

Aedes↗
PubMed2004

Prey and size preference of Mesocyclops longisetus (Copepoda) for Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae.

Laboratory studies investigated prey choice of the adult copepod Mesocyclops longisetus for Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Prey size preference by this predator was tested within and between instar classes at 10 and 30 degrees C. Single copepod adults preferred to prey on 1st and 2nd instars regardless of whether either species was alone or combined. Generally, M. longisetus preyed more on Ae. albopictus than on Cx. quinquefasciatus when similar larval stages were present. Also more prey of both species were consumed at 30 degrees C compared with 10 degrees C.

Aedes↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of a novel removal trap system to reduce biting midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations in Florida backyards.

A removal trapping method that employed individual lure-baited insect suction traps for the reduction of adult biting midges (Culicoides spp.) was evaluated in a coastal residential neighborhood of northwestern Florida during 2000. Six backyards were used in the study. Lure-baited traps consisted of one ABC PRO insect suction trap (fitted with a 30 by 30-mesh polyester screen bag) baited with carbon dioxide (500 ml/min) and a 4:1:8 mixture of 1 octen-3-ol, 3-n-propylphenol, and 4-methylphenol (5.39 +/- 0.54 mg/h) placed in each of three backyards. Lure-baited traps ran continuously during the 4-mo study. Three backyards without lure-baited traps served as controls. Adult midge populations were monitored twice weekly for 24-h in each backyard using an additional ABC PRO trap baited with carbon dioxide (500 ml/min) only. Five species of biting midges were collected from all traps in each backyard (in descending order): Culicoides mississippiensis, C. barbosai, C. melleus, C. furens, and C. hollensis. Overall reduction was not consistent in lure-baited backyards and ranged from 2.3% to 70.6% on 16 of the 30 sample dates. But when biting midge populations seasonally declined to a weekly average of < 500 midges per lure-baited trap, reduction occurred more frequently. Midge reduction did not appear to be species specific.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Attractiveness of beach ball decoys to adult Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae).

The attractiveness of inflated beach balls covered with adhesive and used as decoys to trap adult stable flies was investigated on Florida panhandle beaches. Decoys were painted either solid black, solid white, or a mixed pattern that consisted of three equally spaced white circles (20 cm diameter) on a solid black background. Another set of decoys (referred to as plain) were unpainted and retained the manufacturer's original color scheme. The plain decoy consisted of a separate blue, yellow, and red diamond-shaped panel. Each color panel was separated by a white panel of similar size and orientation. Plain decoys collected significantly (<0.05) more stable flies than other treatments but no significant difference was noted between colored panels. The mixed pattern decoy captured significantly fewer flies than the plain decoy but significantly more flies (nearly twice) when compared with solid white or black decoys. No difference in preference was observed when fly abundance on the black background was compared with that on white circles and total abundance from both areas appeared to be additive compared with either area alone. No significant differences were found in the number of flies trapped on solid white versus black decoys. When trapping efficiency was compared with Alsynite translucent fiberglass cylinders covered with adhesive-treated cellophane sheets, the decoy trap caught significantly more (>10 times) flies per square centimeter. Alsynite cylinders are considered standard tools when sampling fly populations. Adhesive-treated beach ball decoys may be an alternative method for luring stable flies away from human hosts in recreation areas, or from animals, thereby reducing biting annoyance from these pests.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Adult biting midge response to trap type, carbon dioxide, and an octenol-phenol mixture in northwestern Florida.

The efficacy of Centers for Disease Control, ABC PRO, and counterflow geometry (CFG) mosquito suction traps to sample populations of adult Culicoides was investigated in northwestern Florida. These traps were baited either with a 4:1:8 mixture of octenol, 3-n-propylphenol, and 4-methylphenol alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2). Control traps were operated without the octenol-phenol mixture or CO2. Four species, in order of descending abundance, were collected in all traps regardless of treatment: Culicoides mississippiensis, C. barbosai, C melleus, and C. furens. Midge abundance from traps baited with octenolphenol alone was not significantly different, regardless of species, when compared with traps without the mixture. However, when CO2 or CO2 plus the mixture was used, trap collections of C. mississippiensis and C. barbosai significantly increased, with the latter mixture exhibiting a synergistic effect on trap catch for both species. When this combination was used, the ABC PRO trap collected significantly more C. mississippiensis, whereas the CFG trap caught significantly more C. barbosai compared with all traps powered with 6-V batteries (P < 0.05). The effects of CO2 plus the octenol-phenol mixture on C. melleus collections appeared to be additive only for ABC PRO and CFG traps. Populations of C. furens were sporadic and too low (<0.5% of total collection) to determine any statistically meaningful differences. On the average, CFG traps powered with 12-V batteries only increased midge collection 1.2 times compared with similar traps powered by 6-V batteries. This increase was not significantly different (P > 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Seasonal distribution and abundance of ticks (Acari: ixodidae) in northwestern Florida.

A 2-yr study was conducted in a northwestern Florida state park and recreation area to determine tick species composition, seasonal abundance, and spatial distribution. Risk of tick attachment to park visitors was also assessed relative to tick abundance from several habitats. Tick collections consisted of weekly cloth drag samples obtained from ground and emergent vegetation along a deer trail, a walking trail located in a 3-mo-old control burned area of forest, a nonburned walking trail, picnic area, and campsites. Sampling was conducted from February 1994 through February 1996. Ticks collected during the study were as follows in descending order of abundance: Ixodes scapularis Say, Amblyomma americanum (L.), A. maculatum Koch, and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Significantly more (<0.05) adult ticks were recovered from vegetation compared with ground samples only for I. scapularis. Adult questing I. scapularis were collected from October through May (peak December). A. americanum adults were collected from March through August (peak May). Adult A. maculatum were collected during August and September and adult D. variabilis were collected July and August. Larval and nymphal stages of questing A. americanum were collected from June through November (peak July) and February through October (peak September), respectively. A. maculatum nymphs were collected from February through April, June, and September (peak March). No nymphs of I. scapularis were collected. Only four larvae of D. variabilis were collected during the study, all during February 1995. No I. scapularis or A. maculatum larvae were collected from vegetation or ground drags. The greatest risk for tick attachment was in campsites where approximately 60% of all adult and nymphal host-seeking ticks were collected. The next greatest risk area was the walking trail located in the control burned area where an additional 28% of ticks were obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Rodent ectoparasites from two locations in northwestern Florida.

From Feb.-Apr. 1999, 19 species of ectoparasitic arthropods (2 sucking lice, 4 fleas, 4 ticks, 2 mesostigmatid mites, 5 chiggers, 2 fur mites) were recovered from 106 rodents belonging to 5 species (cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus, n = 64; cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, n = 23; eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana, n = 9; golden mouse, Ochrotomys nuttalli, n = 9; eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis, n = 1) at Tall Timbers Research Station, Leon County, Florida. During the same period, 13 species of ectoparasites (2 sucking lice, 1 flea, 3 ticks, 3 mesostigmatid mites, 2 chiggers, 2 fur mites) were recovered from 57 rodents belonging to 3 species (S. hispidus, n = 40; black rat, Rattus rattus, n = 16; S. carolinensis, n = 1) from Panama City, Bay County, Florida. Noteworthy ectoparasite records include Ixodes minor from both sites, which extends the known geographical range of this tick, and Stenoponia americana from Tall Timbers that represents the second documented Florida record of this flea. Potential tick vectors (Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes scapularis) of zoonotic pathogens (Rickettsia rickettsii and Borrelia burgdorferi) were collected at both sites. On S. hispidus, fleas were more prevalent at Tall Timbers but sucking lice, chiggers, ticks, mesostigmatid and listrophorid mites all were more prevalent at the Panama City site. Arthropods recovered from arboreal nests (n = 3) of O. nuttalli at Tall Timbers included 3 species of ectoparasites (1 tick, 2 laelapid mites).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of various substances to increase adult Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) collections on alsynite cylinder traps in north Florida.

During 1993-1995, field studies evaluated various volatile substances to increase the catch of adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., on adhesive-coated translucent fiberglass (Alsynite) cylinder traps. Dry ice, 1-octen-3-ol (referred to as octenol), acetone, 4:1:8 mixture of 1 octen-3-ol: 3-n-propylphenol: 4-methylphenol, and an eye gnat (Hippelates) attractant were tested. Using dry ice as a baseline, the latter 4 treatments also were considered as possible alternatives to carbon dioxide. Dry ice significantly increased fly collections on cylinders as much as 25-fold compared with cylinders with no odor. Although trap collections increased by approximately 4% with addition of octenol (release rate approximately 18.0 mg/h), it was not significantly different when compared with dry ice alone. Fly collections on cylinders baited with octenol only were significantly lower than dry ice and not significantly different from cylinders with no odor. Collections from Alsynite cylinders baited with either acetone released at approximately 62.0 mg/h or eye gnat bait plus sand caught significantly more stable flies than no odor. However, neither substance increased fly collections as much as dry ice. The 4:1:8 phenolic mixture (released at either 0.7 mg/h or 20.0 mg/h) significantly increased fly collection on cylinders nearly 6-fold compared with no odor and warrants further investigation as an alternative to carbon dioxide for sampling stable flies.

Acetone↗
PubMed1995

Residual activity of three slow-release temephos formulations against Aedes aegypti larvae.

Residual effectiveness of plaster matrix formulations of temephos and temephos plus an emulsifier (Atlox 3409F) were evaluated against Aedes aegypti larvae during an 8-wk period. Formulations of 2% and 5% (AI) Atlox with 5% (AI) temephos yielded 100% larval mortality for 8 wk. A 5% temephos formulation without the addition of the emulsifier produced 100% larval mortality through only 1 wk.

Aedes↗
PubMed1995

Comparative susceptibility of larvae of three Aedes species to malathion and permethrin.

Larvae of Aedes hendersoni, Ae. atropalpus, and 6 geographic strains of Ae. triseriatus were compared in terms of their susceptibility to malathion and permethrin. Aedes atropalpus was most tolerant to malathion, whereas Ae. triseriatus (Walton strain) was most tolerant to permethrin. Malathion LC50S for 6 geographic strains of Ae. triseriatus ranked from high to low were: Alabama (ALA) > Michigan (UNDERC) > Indiana (WAL) > Kentucky (UKEN) > Texas (SAL) > Florida (VB); similar ranking of permethrin LC50S resulted in: WAL > VB > SAL > UKEN > UNDERC > ALA. Differences in susceptibility were detected but were not considered large (i.e., over several orders of magnitude). As a result, no change in application rate of malathion or permethrin, from an operational viewpoint, would be warranted if used against these 3 mosquito species or the geographic strains of Ae. triseriatus investigated.

Aedes↗
PubMed1994

Face fly (Diptera: Muscidae) gynandromorph.

Single specimens of adult face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, gynandromorphs from laboratory and field populations are described and illustrated. The head of all individuals possessed male characteristics (i.e., a narrow interocular area when compared with the interocular area of females), and dorsal and ventral aspects of the abdomen possessed color patterns of both sexes. A possible mechanism of face fly gynandromorphism is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Failure of the "mosquito plant", Pelargonium x citrosum 'van Leenii', to repel adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus in Florida.

The efficacy of the "mosquito plant", Pelargonium x citrosum 'van Leenii', as an area-wide repellent against adult host-seeking Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus females was evaluated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the number of mosquitoes landing on the forearms of human subjects in locations where plants were present compared with areas without plants. In laboratory cage trials, more Cx. quinquefasciatus adults rested on excised leaves of this cultivar compared side-by-side with similar size and shape white paper leaf models.

Aedes↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced diazinon susceptibility in pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae): potential for insecticide resistance management.

Dose-mortality data from 40 horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), populations revealed that susceptibility to permethrin and diazinon was negatively correlated (i.e., as susceptibility to permethrin decreased, toxicity of diazinon increased). Permethrin-resistant horn fly populations exposed for 18 wk to cattle tagged with ear tags impregnated with 20% (AI) diazinon resulted in a 2- to 6-fold reduction in this resistance. These populations also had LC50s for diazinon that were two to five times lower than those of populations susceptible to permethrin. Frequency of homozygous permethrin-resistant individuals decreased as much as 57% after exposure to diazinon during this period.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence of Ornithodoros kelleyi (Acari: Argasidae) in Kentucky.

A new distribution record is established for the tick Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley & Kohls for Kentucky. Collections of this tick were associated with bat roosting sites in attics of houses. Scanning electron microscopy was used as an aid in distinguishing various taxonomic characteristics and morphological structures of O. kelleyi.

Animals↗