Delayed acetaminophen toxicity despite acetylcysteine use.
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Acetaminophen↗
Biomedical subjects
J E Derry
Publications and source records attributed to J E Derry.
Evaluation of cefaclor.
The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, bacterial spectrum, clinical use, dosage, adverse reactions, and dosage forms and cost of cefaclor are reviewed. Cefaclor, a congener of cephalexin monohydrate, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. It is well absorbed when given orally on an empty stomach; absorption is delayed by the presence of food. Although metabolism may play a role in the disposition of cefaclor, elimination is primarily renal. Cefaclor's spectrum of activity is similar to that of cefalexin, including a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; in particular, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., and Haemophilus influenzae are more susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations of cefaclor than cephalexin. Cefaclor has been demonstrated to be effective against beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae resistant to ampicillin, but further studies are needed to establish the clinical significance of this activity. Efficacy of cefaclor has been demonstrated in urinary tract, upper and lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue infections in adults and children as well as in pediatric otitis media. Adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal, are generally mild and occur in few patients. Usual doses are 250-500 mg every eight hours in adults and 20--40 mg/kg/day in children, although this pediatric dose may be two low for otitis media. Clinical superiority of cefaclor over less expensive antibiotics has not been demonstrated.
Adult↗
A study of the percutaneous absorption from topically applied zinc oxide ointment.
The systemic absorption from topical applications of 40% zinc oxide ointment was investigated in a series of healthy subjects (phase one) and in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (phase two). In the first phase, six subjects completed a controlled, cross-over trial involving 3 hourly serum sample determinations for zinc concentration following a massive application of 40% zinc oxide ointment and plain petrolatum ointment. There was a mean increase in serum zinc from 107.3 +/- 5.32 to 116.1 +/- 5.02 micrograms/dL 1 hr after application of 40% zinc oxide ointment (p greater than 0.05). Three patients receiving total parenteral nutrition completed phase two of the protocol in which 40% zinc oxide ointment was applied daily to a specified area of the thigh. Analysis of these patients' serum revealed that the zinc concentrations remained relatively constant over the 10-day study period. These findings suggest that topical applications of 40% zinc oxide ointment do not result in significant absorption. This study serves as a starting point for further investigations.
Administration, Topical↗