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Biomedical subjects

J E Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to J E Goodwin.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Testing specificity and guidance hypotheses by manipulating relative frequency of KR scheduling in motor skill acquisition.

This investigation tested predictions of specificity and guidance hypotheses by manipulating relative frequency of knowledge of results scheduling using a shuffleboard task. Participants were assigned to either a 100%-KR, three 50%-KR conditions (Constant, Fade, Reverse), or 00%-KR condition. Based on predictions of the specificity hypothesis, it was expected the 00%-KR condition would perform the best on a no-KR retention test. It was also expected the 100%-KR condition would perform poorly on a no-KR retention test based on predictions of the guidance hypothesis. Analysis for 55 men's and 55 women's retention did not support predictions of the specificity hypothesis and provided partial support for the guidance hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Athletic training education programs: to rank or not to rank?

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the literature regarding educational program ranking and to provide insights concerning undergraduate and graduate athletic training education ranking systems. BACKGROUND: The demand for accountability and the need to evaluate the quality of educational programs have led to program ranking in many academic disciplines. As athletic training becomes more recognized within the medical community, determining a program's quality will become increasingly important. DESCRIPTION: We describe program rankings used in other disciplines for determining quality and providing measures of accountability. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of both subjective and objective ranking systems, as well as the arguments for using program rankings in athletic training. Future directions for program ranking and potential research questions are suggested. APPLICATIONS: Ranking systems on the basis of levels of perceived quality and academic productivity of programs that prepare future professionals will help potential undergraduate and graduate students make informed decisions when selecting an educational program.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Effect of different quantities of variable practice on acquisition, retention, and transfer of an applied motor skill.

This investigation examined the effect of manipulating different quantities of variable practice in the acquisition phase on the retention and transfer performance of a dart throw. Participants in the Specific condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials from a distance of 2.39 m. Participants in the Specific + Variable condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials with 25 trials from distances of 1.47 m, 2.39 m, and 3.30 m. Participants in the Specific + Varplus condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials with 15 trials from distances of 1.47 m, 1.93 m, 2.39 m, 2.84 m, and 3.30 m. Results of the one-way analysis of variance on the 24-hr. retention test from 2.39 m yielded no significant differences among practice conditions for mean radial error. A one-way analysis of variance on the 24-hr. transfer test from 3.76 m indicated that the Specific + Variable and Specific + Varplus conditions performed with significantly smaller mean radial error than the Specific condition. The results are discussed in regard to recent research and applicability to instructional settings.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Investigation of the contextual interference effect in the manipulation of the motor parameter of over-all force.

This investigation examined the contextual interference effect when manipulating over-all force in a golf-putting task. Undergraduate women (N = 30) were randomly assigned to a Random, Blocked-Random, or Blocked practice condition and practiced golf putting from distances of 2.43 m, 3.95 m, and 5.47 m during acquisition. Subjects in the Random condition practiced trials in a quasirandom sequence and those in the Blocked-Random condition practiced trials initially in a blocked sequence with the remainder of the trials practiced in a quasirandom sequence. In the Blocked condition subjects practiced trials in a blocked sequence. A 24-hr. transfer test consisted of 30 trials with 10 trials each from 1.67 m, 3.19 m, and 6.23 m. Transfer scores supported the Magill and Hall (1990) hypothesis that, when task variations involve learning parameters of a generalized motor program, the benefit of random practice over blocked practice would not be found.

Attention↗
PubMed1995

Using bandwidth knowledge of results to alter relative frequencies during motor skill acquisition.

This investigation examined the predictions of the guidance and specificity hypotheses by manipulating different distributions of relative frequency of knowledge of results (KR) using bandwidth (BW) conditions. Subjects (N = 120) were randomly assigned to either a BW0%, BW10%, Shrinking-BW, or Expanding-BW condition. After 100 acquisition trials were completed, a double transfer design was employed in which the subjects were divided in half and randomly assigned to a no-KR or KR retention condition. Retention tests of 10 min and 48 hr were completed under a no-KR or KR retention condition. Results of the 48-hr retention test under the no-KR retention condition suggested that receiving high relative frequencies of KR at the end of the acquisition phase was as detrimental to motor skill learning as receiving high relative frequencies of KR throughout acquisition. The results are discussed with respect to the guidance and specificity hypotheses.

Adult↗