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Biomedical subjects

J E Hannah

Publications and source records attributed to J E Hannah.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Impedance measures and pure-tone screening of college students.

Normative data from tympanometry and static compliance measures were presented for 355 freshmen entering college. Only one ear was tested. A lax criterion in tympanometry yielded a failure rate of 4%; pure-tone screening (20 db at 1 and 2 kc/s, 25 db at 4 kc/s) yielded a failure rate of 8%. In 90% of Ss the impedance (lax criterion) and pure-tone screening tests agreed in identifying an ear as normal or abnormal. Excluding 5% of the cases at each end of the continuum, 90% had static compliance in the range 0.30-1.15 cc; the middle 62% had compliance values of 0.45-0.89 cc. The distribution of tympanogram types and static compliance values were not significantly different for men and women, or for R and L ears. Impedance measures and pure-tone thresholds disagreed half the time on "Pass" and "Fail," although they showed the same proportions of "Pass" and "Fail," suggesting that two different aspects of hearing were being assessed.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1976

Comparative trial of influenza vaccines. I. Immunogenicity of whole virus and split product vaccines in man.

Groups of about 100 persons aged 6 to 88 years were given 1 of 6 commercially prepared whole virus or split-product bivalent (A/England-B/Mass) influenza vaccines and 6 weeks later were given 1 of 5 monovalent (B/Hong Kong) vaccines. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers in serum specimens taken 6 and 12 weeks after inoculation were compared to those obtained before immunization. Overall antibody responses in all groups were adequate, yielding HI titers that are associated with relatively good levels of protection from infection. No differences were noted among the vaccines in their ability to boost pre-existing antibody. The tributyl phosphate (TBP) split-product vaccine, however, induced significantly lower homologous seroconversion and geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) to A/England and heterologous antibody titers to A/Aichi in persons without pre-existing antibody than did equivalent whole virus vaccines. Both the TBP and the ether-treated monovalent B/Hong Kong vaccines also induced lower heterologous GMT's to B/Mass in initially seronegative individuals. These data agree with previous observations that the primary response to influenza and other viral vaccines prepared from disrupted virions results in lower levels of antibody than does that to equivalent whole virus preparations. Studies are underway to determine whether the lesser immune response induced by these vaccines in seronegative persons is the result of smaller amounts of antigen in such preparations or because the antigen may be processed less efficiently by humoral or cellular immune mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Comparative trial of influenza vaccines. II. Adverse reactions in children and adults.

Commercially prepared zonally and chromatographically purified bivalent (A/England-B/Mass) and monovalent (B/Hong Kong) inactivated influenza vaccines were given to 438 individuals 6-33 years old. The vaccines had been examined for antigen content by chick cell agglutination (CCA) tests and electron microscopic particle count determinations. Endotoxin and pyrogen content were determined by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) and rabbit pyrogenicity assays; and egg-associated protein contamination was estimated by total protein and single radial immunodiffusion assays. Although great differences (10-200-fold) were found in the amount of endotoxin or pyrogen in the vaccines, no significant differences were found in the febrile responses they induced. Both bivalent and monovalent vaccines induced fever of greater than or equal to 38 C at a rate of approximately 3 1/2-4% above background. The febrile responses were most frequent at 24 hours after inoculation and a higher rate was observed in children than adults. Local reactions consisting of tenderness, erythema or induration were seen in from 20-57% of the recipients and also were unrelated to the pyrogenic or host-derived materials in the vaccines. Adults had higher local reaction rates than children and some vaccines containing larger amounts of viral antigen induced significantly higher rates of reactivity than did vaccines containing smaller amounts of antigen. Although 37-51% of all recipients experienced either a local and/or febrile reaction to influenza immunization, the reactions were in general mild and would not consitute a significant disadvantage in the immunization of children over 6 years and adults to prevent influenza infection and its sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting hearing sensitivity and audiometric slope for mentally retarded persons.

The sensitivity prediction from the acoustic reflex (SPAR) test was administered to 90 subjects who were classified according to four levels of mental retardation and five levels of hearing sensitivity. SPAR results showed accurate hearing level prediction for 58% of the subjects, one-category errors for 29%, and two- or three-category errors for 13%. Audiometric slope predictions were also made and were accurate 58% of the subjects. SPAR results indicated that the greater the hearing loss, the less likely that normal hearing would be predicted. Hearing level predictions for the retarded population were of comparable accuracy but slightly poorer than those previously reported for the nonretarded. The SPAR is suggested as a useful addition to the audiologist's repertoire, particularly for retarded individuals who are difficult to test.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guest editorial: the audiologist as advocate.

An advocacy process, utilizing the audiologist as advocate, is proposed for auditorily impaired individuals, with six stages: personal contact, assessment, recommendations, implementation, follow-through, and follow-up. The advocacy program is illustrated by general guidelines and by a specific example. The advocacy process enables the hearing-impaired individual to become more independent through individualized programming.

Adolescent↗