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Biomedical subjects

J E Hodgson

Publications and source records attributed to J E Hodgson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Analysis and toxic overexpression in Escherichia coli of a staphylococcal gene encoding isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.

We have cloned and sequenced the Staphylococcus aureus Oxford ileS gene which encodes isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (Ile-RS), the target for the antibiotic mupirocin. The gene was identified by hybridisation to oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes derived from internal Ile-RS amino acid (aa) sequences. The 2754-bp open reading frame encodes a 918-aa protein of 105 kDa which is homologous to other known Ile-RS from Gram- bacteria, archaebacteria, yeast and protozoa. Motifs which have been implicated in the functioning of the active site are strongly conserved. The gene was engineered for high-level expression in Escherichia coli. Ile-RS overproduction was toxic to the E. coli host, the magnitude of its observed effects being strain-dependent.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

The biosynthetic genes for clavulanic acid and cephamycin production occur as a 'super-cluster' in three Streptomyces.

The cosmid cloning vector pHC79 has been used to clone fragments of chromosomal DNA from the Streptomyces: S. clavuligerus, S. jumonjinensis and S. katsurahamanus. These strains all produce both the beta-lactam antibiotic, cephamycin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid. Although structurally related these two beta-lactams are known to be derived from different biosynthetic precursors. Hybridisation studies and restriction mapping have shown that the gene clusters encoding the two biosynthetic pathways are chromosomally adjacent in these strains, thus creating a 'super-cluster' of genes involved in both the production and enhancement of activity of a beta-lactam antibiotic.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic genes have been conserved in clusters in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A cosmid clone containing closely linked beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic genes was isolated from a gene library of Flavobacterium sp. SC 12,154. The location within the cluster of the DNA thought to contain the gene for delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS), the first step in the beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic pathway, was identified by a novel method. This DNA facilitated the isolation, by cross-hybridization, of the corresponding DNA from Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064, Penicillium chrysogenum Oli13 and Aspergillus nidulans R153. Evidence was obtained which confirmed that the cross-hybridizing sequences contained the ACVS gene. In each case the ACVS gene was found to be closely linked to other beta-lactam biosynthetic genes and constituted part of a gene cluster.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Chlamydial infection in a Chinese gynecologic outpatient clinic.

In an attempt to detect the presence, if any, of cervical chlamydial infection, we obtained endocervical smears from 1000 female patients attending the outpatient gynecologic and family planning clinics at Women's Hospital, Zheijiang Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Using direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining technique, we identified elementary bodies typical of the Chlamydia trachomatis organism in ten of the 1000 slides (1%). The only characteristic of statistical significance in this small group of infected women was the complaint of infertility for more than two years' duration, noted in six of the ten cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Induction of midtrimester abortion by the combined method of continuous extravovular infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha and intracervical laminaria tents.

Midtrimester abortion was successfully induced in 55 of 60 patients with continuous extraovular infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) following the insertion of intracervical laminaria tents. Intravenous oxytocin was also used in 38 (63%) of the 60 patients. The mean induction-abortion time (IAT) was 11.72 hours +/- 1.06 SD). Abortion was completed in 40% within 8 hours, 80% within 16 hours, and 93% within 24 hours. The mean total dose of PGF2alpha was 41.9 mg. There was no significant difference in IAT between the parous patients (13.40 hours +/- 1.90 SD) and the nulliparous patients (10.41 hours +/- 1.13 SD). There was no apparent correlation between IAT and the stages of gestation (12 to 22 weeks). The five patients who failed to abort within 24 to 36 hours underwent uterine evacuation, which was easily accomplished because there was a marked degree of cervical dilatation. Side effects and complications of the technique were few. Endometritis occurred in three patients, two of whom had had intrauterine devices in situ until just prior to the procedure. It appears that this method has a high success rate, an acceptable safety factor, good patient tolerance, and relatively few side effects.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1975

Prophylactic use of tetracycline for first trimester abortions.

Because the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has yet to be established and because numerous variables often hamper studies of such therapy, the results of prophylactic antibiotic therapy were studied in a homogeneous gynecologic population. The patients were 4000 women undergoing first trimester abortions. The surgical procedure, the gynecologists' skill, and the hospital environment were relatively uniform, as was the patient age range. Two groups of 1000 patients each received tetracycline; the other 2000 patients served as controls. The complications associated with abortion were then analyzed in those receiving tetracycline and in the 2000 controls. Complications were less frequent among patients receiving tetracycline. This finding supports the argument of those who favor the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the management of various high-risk surgical problems.

Abortion, Legal↗