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Biomedical subjects

J E Lange

Publications and source records attributed to J E Lange.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Defining binge drinking quantities through resulting blood alcohol concentrations.

Binge drinking as a researchable construct has generally been defined as 5 or more drinks on one occasion. However, no study has been conducted to determine whether the binge concept that implies excessive drunkenness is being optimally captured within that level. Random interviews of drinkers returning from visiting bars in Tijuana, with breath tests, provided both blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measurements and the self-reported number of drinks consumed. Results indicate that currently used definitions of binge drinking predict relatively low BACs and may not be capturing the excessive-drunkenness quality of the term. Consumption duration may explain the lower BACs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of scoliosis with spinal bracing in quadriplegic cerebral palsy.

To evaluate the clinical results of the treatment and to assess the factors that influenced the rate of scoliosis progression, a retrospective study of spinal orthosis in 86 patients with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy was performed. The mean age of the patients was 13.8 years (range 5 to 33 years). Their scoliotic deformities were treated with custom-moulded, polypropylene thoraco-lumbar-sacral orthoses. Cobb angles were measured on radiographs taken in a sitting position before treatment, in orthosis, and during follow-up. The mean initial Cobb angle was 68.4 degrees (range 25 to 131 degrees). The mean correction in orthosis was 25 degrees (range 3 to 60 degrees). Seventy-two patients had a follow-up period of more than 2 years. At the latest follow-up, average 6.3 years (range 2 to 14 years) after the start of treatment, the mean Cobb angle without orthosis was 93.1 degrees (range 40 to 145 degrees). The mean progression per year was 4.2 degrees (range -3 to 21 degrees). Linear multiple regression revealed that age and initial correction in orthosis were the only variables that significantly influenced the rate of progression. Twenty-two patients had no progression or progression <1.0 degrees per year. Correction in orthosis was the only variable that predicted progression <1.0 degrees per year in both age groups (<15 years and > or =15 years). Of the 57 patients who were still alive and had not undergone surgical fusion, 72% used their orthoses at a mean age of 22 years. Parents and caregivers expressed satisfaction with the use of orthosis, mainly because of improved sitting stability which gave better overall function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Youth escaping limits on drinking: binging in Mexico.

AIMS: In Tijuana, Mexico, a loosely enforced age-18 law and inexpensive drinks have given rise to a nightclub district frequented by thousands of young Southern Californians each weekend night. Surveys were designed to characterize the extent of the cross-border binge-drinking traffic and to support and evaluate the community's response. DESIGN: Over 1 year, two anonymous and voluntary breath-test surveys were done. Drivers and pedestrians were pulled randomly from the stream of northbound border crossers and recruited to participate. SETTING: Surveys occurred between 12 a.m. and 4 a.m. on randomly selected Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Participants were recruited within the Port of Entry building. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 5849 border crossers recruited, 87.4% participated in the survey. MEASUREMENTS: Information was obtained through a standardized verbal interview. All participants were asked to take an alcohol breath test. FINDINGS: On weekend nights, more than 6500 people cross back into the United States between 12 a.m. and 4 a.m. after drinking or visiting a bar or restaurant. Pedestrians represent the highest concentration of drinkers, with more than 30% having BACs of 0.08 or greater. Most of these pedestrians return to parked vehicles on the US side and drive or ride home. CONCLUSIONS: The flow of young binge drinkers at the Tijuana border is substantial and translates into a significant public health problem for the region as crossers use their vehicles to drive home. There are many such binge-drinking locales. However, the border is unique in that it is amenable to scientific estimations of the problem with relatively high precision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Defining binge drinking quantities through resulting BACs.

Binge drinking as a researchable construct has generally been defined as 5 or more drinks on one occasion. However, no study has been conducted to determine if the binge concept that implies "excessive drunkenness" is being optimally captured within that level. Random interviews with breath tests of drinkers returning from visiting bars in Tijuana provide both blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measurements and the self-reported number of drinks consumed. Results indicate that currently used definitions of binge drinking predict relatively low BACs and may not be capturing the "excessive drunkenness" quality of the term. Consumption duration may explain the lower BACs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

[Patients with chronic degenerative spinal disease--can conservative treatment reduce the waiting list for surgery?].

Patients with a degenerative lumbar disorder selected for spinal fusion surgery by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, were invited to participate in an exercise and behavioural modification programme. The goal was to let the patients experience that it is safe to move. 50 patients; mean age 49 years (19-76 years), mean duration of complaints ten years (2-39 years), agreed to participate. 26 patients had undergone back surgery. 80% were on sick leave or disability pension; 85% had either previously diagnosed psychiatric disorder or high scores for somatization or abnormal illness behaviour. At follow-up, 21 (42%) patients wanted surgery, 8 (16%) were uncertain, and 18 (36%) did not want surgery, 17 patients reported improved main symptoms, 18 were unchanged, and 12 had deteriorated. Previous surgery, illness behaviour and weak trunk muscles were associated with poor improvement and desire for surgery. Age, gender, emotional distress, intensity of pain, neurological or radiological signs or the number of exercise sessions taken did not influence results.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A survey of the San Diego-Tijuana cross-border binging. Methods and analysis.

On a typical weekend night between 12:00 a.m. and 4:00 a.m., about 4 thousand Americans 25 or younger cross back into the United States from a night in Tijuana, Mexico, clubs. More than 40% of the drinkers return the next morning with an illegal blood-alcohol concentration (.08 or higher). To study this phenomenon and to provide data with which to evaluate the community effort in San Diego County, a border research effort involving two separate surveys of individuals entering and leaving Mexico was established in June 1997. This article briefly reviews past roadside survey studies and reports on the survey methods developed to conduct these surveys and the procedure required to analyze the data collected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Severe craniofacial malformations and deglutition dysfunction in a brother and sister: new syndrome?

We report seemingly unique craniofacial malformations and deglutition dysfunction in a sib pair. The boy had right maxillomandibular alveolar synechae, ankylosis of right temporomandibular joint, hypoplasia of the zygomatico-maxillary region, nasal deviation to the left, choanal stenosis, and exophthalmos due to shallow orbita. His ears were apparently low-set with prominent lobules. He had severe gastroesophageal reflux and increasing respiratory problems and died at age 11 months. Psychomotor development was normal. His 10-year-old sister had similar craniofacial malformations and a cleft soft palate. She also had a severe deglutition dysfunction and developed a thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. Psychomotor development was normal. The parents were healthy and non-consanguineous. The malformations in the sibs do not fit any reported craniofacial malformation syndrome and may represent a previously unrecognized monogenic disorder. This may be an autosomal recessive or dominant trait with gonadal mosaicism in one of the parents.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

Nighttime observations of safety belt use: an evaluation of California's primary law.

OBJECTIVES: An analysis was conducted to determine what effect California's change to a primary safety belt law had on safety belt use among nighttime weekend drivers. METHODS: Observations of 18,469 drivers in 2 California communities were made during voluntary roadside surveys conducted every other Friday and Saturday night from 9 PM to 2 AM for 4 years. RESULTS: Rates of safety belt use rose from 73.0% to 95.6% (P < .0005). For drivers with blood alcohol concentrations of 0.10 or higher, rates rose from 53.4% to 92.1% (P < .0005). CONCLUSIONS: Because substantial improvement in safety belt use was seen even in a group of high-risk drivers, the injury reduction benefits of this law may be high.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a method for reducing unlicensed driving: the Washington and Oregon license plate sticker laws.

This report covers an evaluation of programs designed to reduce unlawful driving in the states of Washington and Oregon by providing for the marking of the license plate of a vehicle when its operator was apprehended driving while suspended. In both states, the records of 101,000 drivers convicted of a drunk-driving offense who were potentially at risk for this sanction were analyzed using time series analysis to determine the general deterrent effect of the law. In addition, the specific deterrent effect of having one's vehicle marked was studied in Oregon using analysis of covariance. Results of these analyses indicated that the law had both a general and specific deterrence effect in Oregon but no measurable effect in Washington.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Pulmonary function and gas exchange at rest and exercise in adolescent girls with mild idiopathic scoliosis during treatment with Boston thoracic brace.

Pulmonary function and gas exchange at rest and during and after standard exercise on bicycle ergometer were studied in 49 girls, aged 10 to 16 years (mean, 13.7), with untreated idiopathic scoliosis, before and with Boston thoracic brace, and after treatment for 3 weeks, reducing the thoracic curve angle from a mean of 32.4 degrees (range, 19-60 degrees) to 17.3 degrees (range, 8-33 degrees). The bracing led to marked decrease in lung volumes, below functions, and CO transfer factor, moderate rise in resting O2 intake, CO2 output and ventilation, and marked rise in ventilatory and O2 cost of exercise, probably due to increased dead space ventilation and O2 cost of breathing. However, repeated studies after 1 day without brace, 6 months after onset of bracing, showed no persistent deterioration of pulmonary function or disturbances of gas exchange, as compared with the pre-bracing state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cool white, Ultralume, and Vita-Lite fluorescent lamps for use in color vision testing.

Thirty-one normal and 20 color vision-deficient persons were tested with the Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) Pseudoisochromatic Plates, Farnsworth's D-15 and 100-Hue tests, and the Davidson & Hemmendinger (D & H) Color Rule using Vita-Lite, Ultralume, and Cool White fluorescent lamps to determine their usefulness for color vision measurement. The persons with deficient color vision were classified with a Nagel anomaloscope. The Macbeth Easel lamp was the reference for determining relative lamp performance. No normal was misclassified with any of the lamps. Scores with the Vita-Lite lamp were qualitatively and quantitatively most similar to those with the Macbeth lamp. The Ultralume gave intermediate results, and the Cool White was the least satisfactory substitute. Norms for the metameric D & H Color Rule for each lamp were different, which prevented intercomparisons. Best separation of the scores of deficient from normal persons with the D & H Rule occurred with the Macbeth and Vita-Lite lamps. Better performance with the Vita-Lite and Ultralume lamps can be expected from protans with the HRR and 100-Hue Tests and poorer performances from deutans on the HRR tests than with the standard Macbeth Lamp. The Cool White lamp was judged an unsuitable substitute for color vision testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a standardized boating sobriety test.

A sobriety test capable of being administered on boats was developed as an aid in establishing probable cause to request a breath sample of recreational boat operators suspected of being over the legal alcohol limit. In a laboratory phase some 12 candidate measures suitable for use in a boating environment were assessed for their relationship to blood alcohol levels through administration to 32 subjects tested at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.00, 0.06 and 0.12%. Four measures showing significant relationships to BAC were then administered by marine police to a sample of 60 recreational boaters found to have BACs ranging from 0.0 to 0.20%. Three measures still showing significant relationships to alcohol were horizontal gaze Nystagmus given in a seated position, reciting the alphabet from A to Z, and clapping hands alternately with palm and back of hand, while counting. Correlation of the measures with BAC, and the ability to distinguish boaters over and under a 0.10% limit were similar to those found over the same BAC range with the standardized field sobriety test (SFST) for motor vehicle operators. Where there is not sufficient cause to request a boat operator to proceed to shore for testing, a standardized boating sobriety test (SBST) making use of the three measures appears to be a suitable replacement for the SFST.

Adult↗