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Biomedical subjects

J E Milbank

Publications and source records attributed to J E Milbank.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

A short dietary questionnaire for use in an epidemiological survey: comparison with weighed dietary records.

Nutrient data from a short dietary questionnaire designed for self-administration in epidemiological studies of ischaemic heart disease were compared with those from 7-day weighed dietary records obtained 2 to 6 weeks later in a sample of 119 men from the general population. For the major nutrients correlation coefficients of between 0.27 (total carbohydrate) and 0.75 (alcohol) were obtained all of which were statistically significant. In the case of alcohol over 90 per cent of the weekly intake was consumed outside the home in standard measures. In the case of other nutrients improvement in the precision of the questionnaire estimates may be obtained by direct estimates of portion sizes.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

The nutritional status of the elderly.

Data are presented relating to the nutritional status of over 1500 elderly subjects seen in three community surveys. There was s decline in weight, arm circumference and skinfold thickness, and to a lesser extent in Quetelet's index (weight + height2), with advancing age. Haemoglobin levels declined with age in one area but not in the others, probably due to differences in nutritional state. Plasma protein and albumin concentrations showed no decline with age and were similar to values reported from younger subjects. Men who ate alone tended to have a poorer vitamin C and thiamine status than men whose meals were cooked or shared by another person, but no such difference was found among women; indeed, women eating alone had significantly higher leucocyte ascorbic acid levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The prognostic significance of weight and of vitamin C status in the elderly.

Eight hundred and thirty elderly subjects who were seen in a nutritional survey were followed up after eight years. A marked decline of body weight with age, which had been evident in the original cross-sectional data, appeared to be due to a loss of weight in individuals rather than to any survival advantages of less obese persons. Indeed, over the age of 70 years the survivors tended to have been heavier when originally seen than those who died, suggesting that an above-average weight is a favourable prognostic factor in old age. There was a tendency for the women who died to have had lower ascorbic-acid levels than those who survived, but this was not obviously related to any one cause of death. Although it is possible that a poor vitamin C status increases mortality, the associations reported are probably due to the fact that elderly persons who are biologically younger than their contemporaries tend in consequence to be heavier and to have higher ascorbic acid levels and lower mortality rates than others of their chronological age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Dietary determinants of lipoproteins, total cholesterol, viscosity, fibrinogen, and blood pressure.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, viscosity, fibrinogen, and blood pressure were determined in 117 men aged 44 to 60 yr selected from the general population who also completed 7-day weighed dietary records. Associations between these measurements and a number of dietary factors were assessed by multiple regression analysis, allowing where necessary for the effects of age, body mass index, and smoking habit. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated positively with both alcohol and fish consumption and negatively with saturated fat intake. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol expressed as a percentage of total cholesterol was associated negatively with the percentage of energy from fat and positively with fish consumption. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated positively with the percentage of energy from fat and negatively with fish consumption. Fibrinogen and systolic blood pressure were inversely related to cereal fiber intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between plasma ascorbate and lipid concentrations in fasting men.

A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between vitamin C status and plasma lipid concentrations in 97 fasting men. Plasma ascorbate was found to be negatively associated with total cholesterol and positively associated with both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and the HDL/total cholesterol ratio (P less than 0.05 in each case). There was no association between ascorbate and triglyceride levels. In view of the relevance of HDL cholesterol to ischaemic heart disease these associations may have some clinical importance, although they were all rather weak.

Adult↗