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Biomedical subjects

J E Overall

Publications and source records attributed to J E Overall.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Comparison of differential diagnostic discrimination for abbreviated and standard MMPI.

MMPI response protocols for 194 psychiatric patients were scored on the basis of the first 168 items and then on the usual 400 items. The MMPI-168 raw scores were converted to estimates of conventional clinical scale scores. The Ss were divided into 10 major categories on the basis of final clinical diagnosis. Multiple discriminant analysis was used to compare the discriminant validity of the abbreviated and standard scoring. The results indicated no loss in discrimination to result from scoring based on only the first 168 items. Conversion tables that can be used to transform MMPI-168 raw scores to standard MMPI clinical scale scores are presented for further research and clinical use.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Conceptual validation of a psychiatric syndrome classification].

The authors present the first results of an investigation concerning the conceptual validity of a phenomenological classification of psychiatric patients. Conceptual stereotypes for 8 syndromes, derived from applications of cluster analysis and related numerical taxonomy methods to BPRS symptom rating profiles, were obtained by 33 experienced French psychiatrists. Analysis of the profile data reveal that the names chosen to describe the empirical prototypes elicit 8 clearly differenciated syndromes and that the experts' understanding of the nomenclature is highly consistent. Problems concerning the relationship between two of the empirical prototypes and the corresponding conceptual stereotypes are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1975

Marihuana and setting.

Marihuana or placebo cigarettes were smoked by 12 subjects in two environments, one "favorable" and one "neutral". The object was to determine the contribution of setting to the effects reported from the drug. Two quantifiable self-report measurements, the linear euphoriant scale and the card-sort version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (marihuana and hallucinogen scales), were the major reporting criteria. Analyses of variance consistently demonstrated strong effects for subjects and drug but not for the environmental conditions. Reports of marihuana effects may be assumed to be highly colored by psychological differences in the mental set of subjects, or biological variations in their responses to the drug. The actual environment in which the drug is taken seems to play little, if any, role.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1975

Dimensions of marihuana experience.

A questionnaire concerned with expected effects of marihuana was completed by 182 persons with histories of social use of the drug. The majority of subjects were relatively infrequent users. Reported experiences from use were greater among the most frequent users, and included some unpleasant effects. Five factors of marihuana expectations were derived pertaining to: functional interference, euphoria, psychological distress, perceptual alteration and psychotomimetic effects. These results clearly suggest that the marihuana effect is multidimensional and that the profile of response differs from one individual to another. Studies of marihuana effects under various experimental conditions should take the nature of the effects as well as their magnitudes into consideration. The results also suggest that the marihuana questionnaire can be used to determine in advance the expectations of individual experimental subjects and thus to control for effects of set on responses in experimental studies of marihuana. One should thus be able to settle the question of the extent to which different expectations about marihuana produce variability in responses of subjects in experimental studies of effects of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Patterns of symptom change in anxious depressed outpatients treated with different drugs.

Patients with mixtures of anxiety and depressive mood of rather modest degree constitute a majority in the psychiatric outpatient population. Drug treatments are employed to produce symptomatic relief. In this study, thirteen commonly used psychotherapeutic drugs were compared for efficacy in producing change in symptoms of anxiety, depressive mood, and psychomotor activation level in this most common type of psychiatric clinic patient. The drugs were found to differ in relative effect on anxiety and depressive mood. Paradoxically, the major and minor tranquilizers produced greater effect on depressive mood than anxiety, while the more sedative of the tricyclic antidepressants produced relatively greater effect on anxiety. Within each of the three major drug classes, the more sedative members of the class tended to have relatively greater effect on anxiety and the less sedative tended to have relatively greater effect on depressive mood components of the symptom picture.

Amitriptyline↗