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Biomedical subjects

J E Peck

Publications and source records attributed to J E Peck.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Early identification and management of hearing impairment.

Early detection and treatment of hearing loss can prevent a lifetime of difficulties. Severe sensorineural hearing loss is present in approximately one in 1,000 newborns. Many newborns have mild to moderate hearing loss, either conductive or sensorineural, that interferes with normal functioning. The family physician is in an excellent position to identify hearing impairment at an early stage. During well-child visits, simple checklists and screening tests can be completed to aid in detection of a hearing loss. The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing and the National Institutes of Health Consensus Statement recommend screening all infants for hearing loss, preferably during the newborn period. Children at high risk for hearing loss should be referred for auditory function tests, such as behavioral observation audiometry, auditory brain stem response, otoacoustic emissions testing, visual reinforcement audiometry and conditioned play audiometry. The advantages and limitations of each test should be understood by the family physician. An infant is never too young to be treated for hearing loss. The earlier intervention begins, the greater the chance a child will develop to maximum potential.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1995

Development of hearing. Part III. Postnatal development.

As humans, we hear the way we do because of at least three major forces. The first is phylogeny, the evolutionary changes in the auditory system since its beginnings. The second is embryology, the formation of the system in each individual. Finally, there is the interaction between the biologically determined mechanism we are born with and the environment. This series of articles reviews each aspect in turn, so that we may have a fuller appreciation of how it is we come to hear the way we do. Part I examined how the auditory system evolved, and Part II outlined the sequence of ear formation in prenatal life. In this concluding article, we examine the development of auditory perception from when we first hear (in utero) through 12 months of age, which is when speech usually appears. Humans seem to come "programmed" to perform all the processes necessary to learn the language of their environment. Interaction with the environment hones our abilities to process sound and thereby optimizes language acquisition and production.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Development of hearing. Part II. Embryology.

We humans hear the way we do because of at least three major forces. The first is phylogeny, the evolutionary changes in the auditory system since its beginnings. Another is embryology, the development of the system in each individual. Finally, there is the biologically determined mechanism we are born with and our interaction with the environment in early postnatal life. This series of articles reviews each aspect so that we may have a fuller appreciation of how it is we come to hear the way we do. Part I described the phylogeny of the auditory system. Part II traces the development in prenatal life of the internal, middle, and external ear and the nervous system by days, weeks, and months. Wherever possible, parallels are drawn between phylogenetic and embryologic development. Part III considers the postnatal aspects of auditory development.

Ear, Inner↗
PubMed1994

Development of hearing. Part I: Phylogeny.

We humans hear the way we do because of at least three major forces. The first is phylogeny, the evolutionary changes in the auditory system since its beginnings. Another is embryology, the development of the system in each individual before birth. Finally, there is the biologically determined auditory mechanism we are born with and our interaction with the environment in early postnatal life. This series of three articles reviews each aspect in turn, so we may have a fuller appreciation of how it is we come to hear the way we do. Part I reviews the evolution of human hearing through the vertebrates. Ancestral bony fish had an equilibrial organ, which was passed to subsequent classes. Both amphibians and reptiles evolved their own auditory systems based on a balance organ inherited from fish. Amphibians independently evolved an impedance-matching apparatus through a combination of eardrum and ossicle. Reptiles evolved a flexible basilar membrane for the receptor cells. Mammals added movable, external ears and expanded the frequency response range. Finally, large-brained Homo acquired the use of language. Part II examines embryologic development and Part III considers postnatal aspects of auditory development.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1974

Cryosurgery for benign cervical lesions.

Fifty patients with cervical erosions causing symptoms were treated with cryosurgery. Healing was complete in 41 (91%) out of 45 patients who were seen six weeks later, and in 21 patients who were followed up in greater detail the rate of symptomatic relief was high. All the patients who were treated without anaesthesia found the procedure acceptable. Only one patient noted post-operative bleeding, and this was minimal.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hearing loss in Hunter's syndrome--mucopolysaccharidosis II.

Hunter's syndrome [mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II)] is a genetic, metabolic disease of excessive mucopolysaccharide storage leading to mental and skeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial features, and increased incidence of hearing loss. However, the hearing impairment in MPS II has not been well described in the literature. This paper examines the auditory aspects of MPS II by reviewing the literature and by presenting two affected brothers. Each subject had mixed hearing disorders, fluctuating between moderate and severe degrees associated with recurrent middle ear effusions. Hearing loss appears to be a frequent concomitant of MPS II and is usually of mixed nature. The conductive component may persist after myringotomy. Aggressive audiological and otological management are required to enhance communicative development.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uses and abuses of hearing aids.

The view is expressed that many hearing-impaired individuals are not deriving maximum benefit from amplification or are not using amplification at all because of failure of professionals to keep in mind certain uses and abuses. Some of the specific uses are for minimal and profound hearing losses, adaptation with special earmold modifications, chronic or recurrent conductive losses, part-time use, and binaural listening. Some specific abuses include: unrealistic expectations, overlooking the role of motivation, pressuring persons to try/wear amplification, overamplification, Y cord, inappropriate binaural fittings, and failure to alternate a hearing aid between ears in symmetrical hearing losses.

Adult↗