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Biomedical subjects

J E Poss

Publications and source records attributed to J E Poss.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Developing a new model for cross-cultural research: synthesizing the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action.

This article discusses the development of a new model representing the synthesis of two models that are often used to study health behaviors: the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The new model was developed as the theoretic framework for an investigation of the factors affecting participation by Mexican migrant workers in tuberculosis screening. Development of the synthesized model evolved from the concern that models used to investigate health-seeking behaviors of mainstream Anglo groups in the United States might not be appropriate for studying migrant workers or persons from other cultural backgrounds.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1999

Developing an instrument to study the tuberculosis screening behaviors of Mexican migrant farmworkers.

This article details the use of qualitative data in the construction of a Spanish-language, quantitative research instrument designed for a study of Mexican migrant farmworkers' participation in tuberculosis screening. In the qualitative study, 19 Mexican migrant farmworkers were interviewed in Spanish to elicit their explanatory models (EMs) about tuberculosis. The Tuberculosis Interview Instrument (TII) was developed from the results of the qualitative study and concepts from a theoretical framework consisting of a combination of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). After its development, the TII was subjected to translation and back-translation procedures to insure the equivalency of the English and Spanish versions, and it was reviewed for content validity. Internal consistency reliability, based on the responses of 206 subjects, was satisfactory for all subscales. Future testing of the TII is recommended to evaluate its stability among Mexican migrant farmworkers in other parts of the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effective use of interpreters in health care: guidelines for nurse managers and clinicians.

Because of the rapid growth of the non-English-speaking population in the United States, nurses are increasingly likely to be called on to provide care for patients whose first language is not English. As a result, nurse managers may need to make interpreters available to health care providers in a variety of settings to facilitate effective communication and provide quality care. The purpose of this article is to present nurse managers and nurse clinicians with information that will enable them to work effectively with interpreters.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed1998

The meanings of tuberculosis for Mexican migrant farmworkers in the United States.

The timely diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is an important public health problem in both developed and developing nations. In the United States, migrant farmworkers are estimated to be about six times more likely than other employed adults to develop tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate explanatory models of tuberculosis among Mexican migrant farmworkers working in western New York state. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 farmworkers using an open-ended question format. All interviews were conducted in migrant camps and were audio-taped, translated and transcribed by the researcher. Data analysis was performed using Glaser and Strauss' grounded theory method of analysis which involves continuous and simultaneous data collection, coding, and analysis. Study participants included 21 males and 5 females ranging in age from 18 to 65. Respondents had worked as migrant farmworkers an average of 10 years and had an average of five years of schooling. Two-thirds of the participants had previously attended a tuberculosis education program, and four had received treatment for tuberculosis infection in the past. Farmworkers' explanations of tuberculosis etiology, severity, symptoms, prevention, treatment, and social significance are described as well as their beliefs about tuberculosis skin testing and the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Migrant farmworkers' explanatory models were similar in many aspects to the medical model of tuberculosis, although farmworkers had numerous misconceptions about BCG vaccination. Health care workers should be aware that Mexican migrant farmworkers may have beliefs about tuberculosis that are very compatible with participation in testing and treatment programs if such programs are made accessible to them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Working effectively with interpreters in the primary care setting.

Because of immigration to the United States, the number of persons who speak languages other than English has grown over the past several decades. In addition, many groups whose primary language is not English are exhibiting rapid population growth rates. As a result, health care providers may find they require an interpreter to communicate with patients. Guidelines are presented to facilitate the effective choice and utilization of interpreters in primary care. Suggestions are also presented to help interpreters work effectively in the health care setting.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

Clinical issues in a nursing administration graduate program.

Should clinical nursing content be part of the preparation of future nurse executives? This issue has been debated by nursing administrators and nursing educators; many advocate some type of clinical knowledge base for nurse executives. In the graduate program in Nursing Administration at the State University of New York at Buffalo, we have developed a course that focuses on the administrative implications of current clinical issues. This course enables future nurse executives to explore clinical nursing problems and plan appropriate administrative strategies for confronting these problems.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Hepatitis D virus infection.

The hepatitis D virus (HDV) was first detected in Italy in 1977 and is the etiologic agent of type D hepatitis. A defective RNA virus, HDV depends completely on the hepatitis B virus for its expression and replication. HDV infection can cause a severe form of hepatitis with high mortality rates. In the United States, hepatitis D most commonly affects intravenous drug abusers and hemophiliacs. Diagnosis is based on interpretation of the body's immune response to the hepatitis D antigen. At present, there is no specific treatment for type D hepatitis. Prophylaxis against HDV infection depends entirely on the prevention of hepatitis B. Patients found to have hepatitis D virus infection should be referred to a gastroenterologist for management.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1989

Providing health care for Southeast Asian refugees.

Approximately 850,000 Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian refugees have come to the United States since the end of the war in Vietnam. Because of language, religious, and cultural differences, these refugees present a challenge for health care providers. Nurses who work with Southeast Asians must understand how their beliefs about illness causation and treatment affect their response to health care.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1987

Protocol for hepatitis screening and follow-up of Southeast Asian refugees.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent among Southeast Asian refugees. HBV infection causes acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Health care providers must be able to make an accurate diagnosis of acute or chronic HBV infection when performing medical evaluations of Southeast Asian refugees. It is essential that appropriate follow-up care and teaching regarding infection control be provided. In this article, a protocol is presented that aids interpretation of hepatitis B screening tests. The protocol uses testing for the immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc/IgM) to aid differentiation between acute and chronic HBV infection. If testing is interpreted to show the presence of the hepatitis B chronic carrier state, a second protocol is used to guide follow-up testing, treatment and referral of patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B virus infection in Southeast Asian children.

Since the end of the war in Vietnam, approximately 850,000 Southeast Asian refugees have come to the United States. They present a challenge for health care providers because of language and cultural differences that can create barriers to effective health care. Nurse practitioners who work with Southeast Asian refugees should be aware that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in Southeast Asia, and the virus is most commonly transmitted during the perinatal period or during childhood. HBV infection can cause acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Susceptible children and infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B carriers should be vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccination can prevent the serious sequelae of HBV in a high percentage of the pediatric population.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Providing culturally competent care: is there a role for health promoters?

To bridge the widening gap between clients of varied cultural backgrounds and the biomedical system in which nurses practice, nurses should foster the inclusion of health promoters in selected health care settings. Health promoters, who are persons of the same racial or ethnic background as the clients they serve, can help form a link between their community and the dominant health care system.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with participation by Mexican migrant farmworkers in a tuberculosis screening program.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is an important public health concern among migrant farmworkers in the United States; providing appropriate screening and treatment is difficult due to their highly mobile existence. PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between variables (susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, cues to action, normative beliefs, subjective norm, attitude, and intention) from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and participation by Mexican migrant farmworkers in a tuberculosis screening program. METHOD: A convenience sample of 206 migrant farmworkers were recruited after a presentation of a tuberculosis education program and were tracked during the administration and reading of the tuberculosis skin test. Participants were interviewed in Spanish by the principal investigator using the Tuberculosis Interview Instrument (TII) developed for this study. RESULTS: Most subjects were male, aged 18-27 years, and had less than a sixth-grade education. Of the 206 subjects, 152 (73.4%) received the skin test, 149 (98%) had the skin test read, and 44 (29.5%) had positive skin tests. Based on logistic regression analysis, the model that best predicted intention included cues to action, subjective norm, susceptibility, and attitude. Participation in screening was best predicted by a model containing only two variables: intention and susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, logistic regression analysis revealed that a more parsimonious model than the full HBM and TRA model accurately predicted both intention and behavior. The findings may be helpful in developing tuberculosis education and screening programs for Mexican migrant farmworkers.

Adolescent↗