Biomedical subjects

J E Powell

Publications and source records attributed to J E Powell.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Anger, depression, and anxiety following heroin withdrawal.

Residents in a detoxification/motivation program for drug users provided speech samples just after detoxification and again 5 weeks later. Content analysis scales were used to obtain scores for Hostility (Inward, Outward, and Ambivalent), Cognitive Anxiety, Pawn, Origin, and Sociality. Comparisons were made with scores from a previous sample of students, unemployed people, and drug users. At the end of the program there were significant positive changes in all scores except those for Hostility Outward and Pawn. Of particular interest was the anger expressed just after detoxification and maintained at a significantly high level during the following weeks. This suggests a need for drug-treatment programs to include specific anger-management interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1992

Nasal mucociliary clearance and resolution of otitis media with effusion in children following adenoidectomy.

Numerous workers have studied the relationship between nasal mucociliary clearance and adenoid removal in terms of nasal function. This study was performed to investigate the role of preoperative saccharin clearance time and velocity determination in selecting children with established otitis media with effusion (OME) for adenoidectomy. Testing was not found to be particularly reproducible and there was no statistically significant relationship between mucociliary parameters and the otoscopic resolution of effusion.

Adenoidectomy↗

PubMed1991

Primary sclerosing cholangitis: surgical options, prognostic variables and outcome.

The natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is poorly defined and its management remains controversial. Forty-eight symptomatic patients (median age 39 years, range 8-67 years; 30 male) with PSC were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty patients had inflammatory bowel disease. Four patients (8 per cent) developed or had an associated malignancy. Twenty-one (44 per cent) died; overall 5 year actuarial survival was 30 per cent. Twenty-three patients had 27 non-transplant related biliary operations (16 patients specifically for PSC) of whom 12 died. Serum bilirubin was the only parameter to improve after biliary surgery. Seventeen patients (35 per cent) underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of whom nine are currently alive (1 year projected survival of 55 per cent). Previous biliary surgery correlated with a poor outcome (P less than 0.0001) after OLT. Being male, presence of cirrhosis, duration of symptomatic disease (greater than 3 years) and a serum bilirubin level greater than 100 mumol/l at presentation, were independently associated with a poor outcome (P less than 0.05). These data provide evidence that PSC is a progressive disease and conventional surgical options have little influence on the outcome. Previous biliary surgery adversely affects outcome following OLT. For progressive liver disease, liver transplantation should be considered the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Effect of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone on ovulation in baboons.

Twice daily oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone administered to female baboons throughout the menstrual cycle had no significant influence on cycle length or upon estrogen levels but produced blunted midcycle LH peaks and luteal phase progesterone levels in three fourths of the treatment cycles. Mean plasma prolactin levels were increased approximately 2.5-fold relative to untreated, ovulatory control cycles. CB-154 alone did not alter cycle length or endocrine parameters examined (mean prolactin levels were decreased but not significantly). Cycles during which CB-154 was administered concomitantly with TRH were characterized by normal ovulation as evidenced by luteal phase progesterone levels. Since the effect on LH secretion was reversed by concomitant CB-154 administration, TRH-induced anovulation in animals given long-term treatment appeared to be mediated through physiologic mechanisms sensitive to elevated circulating prolactin levels. However, this conclusion must be considered equivocal since prolactin levels were also elevated during ovulatory cycles following long-term TRH therapy. Finally, these data do no exclude the alternative possibility that anovulation in baboons given long-term TRH treatment was a reflection of thyroid disturbance and not directly attributable to elevated prolactin.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Human rights.

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Human Rights↗

PubMed1976

Serum levels of a placental protein during gestation in the baboon.

A placental specific protein (Sp-1) isolated from human placentas was used to establish a radioimmunoassay for measurement of a baboon protein in the sera of pregnant baboons. No reaction was observed with any known pituitary or placental hormone in this assay system. Levels of Sp-1 were detected at 17 to 18 days of gestation and reached high levels by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. A slow increase in serum levels continued thereafter until parturition. Disappearance of Sp-1 post partum was very slow and required 26 to 34 days to become undetectable in the serum. No function or role of Sp-1 in pregnancy has been suggested, but possible use of its measurement for detecting abnormal placental function deserves investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Effects of steroid hormones in fetal bovine serum on plating ang cloning of human cells in vitro.

Fetal bovine sera from each of three different commercial sources were tested for their ability to support cloning of human fibroblastoid cells in vitro. Cloning efficiencies varied according to serum source. Serum (10 samples) from company A did not support growth, while sera (10 samples) from companies B and C provided adequate to excellent conditions for cloning and growth. Cells from neonatal foreskin or embryonic lung responded to each serum similarly. Bovine serum albumin type H7 from company C supported cell growth in media without serum. Sera containing 1.0 ng per ml or more of progesterone inhibited growth, whereas sera containing less than 1.0 ng per ml supported cloning and growth. In the low progesterone sera, the concentration of 17-beta-estradiol exceeded 100 pg per ml. Growth supporting sera could be made non-supportive by adding 0.1 mug per ml of progesterone. The addition to non-supporative sera of 0.1 mug per ml of 17-beta-estradiol or hydrocortisone made these sera supportive of cell growth. Addition of estrogen or hydrocortisone to a culture medium that inhibits growth, with subsequent reversal of the inhibitory effect, implies that these hormones competitively regulate growth of responsive cells in vitro.

Blood↗