An unusual case of torticollis.
A case is presented of a 9-year-old boy who developed torticollis caused by fibrosis at the site of a former ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Child↗
Biomedical subjects
J E Robb
Publications and source records attributed to J E Robb.
Bilateral Salter-Harris type II upper tibial epiphyseal fractures.
We present a case of bilateral Salter-Harris type II epiphyseal injury to the proximal tibial epiphysis that occurred during gentle exercise. The mechanism and the likely contribution of preexisting Osgood-Schlatter disease are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia by the Ilizarov method.
Three cases of congenital pseudarthrosis were treated by the Ilizarov method. Consolidation was obtained by 3.5 months in three patients who had undergone several previous surgical procedures. Although the length of follow-up was short (maximum 3.5 years), consolidation occurred more quickly than by traditional methods. This technique also permitted both simultaneous correction of axial malalignment and leg lengthening. We think that this method has a place as a salvage procedure except where the distal fragment is very thin or dystrophic.
Bone Lengthening↗
Hard labour: injury to wife and husband during forceps delivery.
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Adult↗
Normalized speed, not age, characterizes ground reaction force patterns in 5-to 12-year-old children walking at self-selected speeds.
Twenty-six healthy 5-year-old children were enrolled in a 7-year longitudinal study to examine the importance of age and speed in the characterization of ground reaction forces. One thousand forty gait trials of children walking at self-selected speeds were examined on the basis of age and normalized speed [speed/(height x g)(1/2)]. Results, presented as discrete peak and trough values and as continuous trace plots over the stance phase, indicated that there was little change in ground reaction forces with age, but there were significant changes in vertical force and anterior-posterior force values with normalized speed. The ground reaction force patterns in these children were characterized predominantly by normalized speed of progression and not age. The clinical relevance of these findings is that normalized speed of walking, rather than age, should be considered when comparing normal with pathological gait.
Age Factors↗
Sagittal joint kinematics, moments, and powers are predominantly characterized by speed of progression, not age, in normal children.
Twenty-six healthy 7-year-old children were enrolled in a 5-year longitudinal study to examine the importance of age and speed in the characterization of sagittal joint angles, moments, and powers. In 740 gait trials, children walking at self-selected speeds were examined on the basis of age and normalized speed [speed/(height x g)1/2]. The kinematics and kinetics in these children were characterized predominantly by normalized speed of progression and not age. The clinical relevance of these findings is that normalized speed of walking, rather than age, should be considered when comparing normal with pathologic gait.
Age Factors↗
Ankle-foot orthosis function in low-level myelomeningocele.
Six children with low-level myelomeningocele underwent gait analysis. All showed excessive ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion when walking barefoot. A rigid thermoplastic ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) improved gait by preventing ankle dorsiflexion and reducing knee flexion. Biomechanically, the AFO caused a reduction in external knee moment by aligning the knee with the ground reaction force. Small changes in the foot-shank angle of the orthosis had profound effects on knee mechanics. Knee hyperextension could be controlled by a rocker sole. Kinetic gait analysis permits understanding of the biomechanical effects of orthoses.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗