PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J E Singer

Publications and source records attributed to J E Singer.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Toward an animal model of type A behavior.

Time estimation and dominance tests were used to differentiate the behavior of Mongolian gerbils to be analogous to Type A and Type B human behavior. Preliminary classification of animals as "Type A" or "B" was based upon differential performance on DRL 20-sec and DRL 60-sec reinforcement schedules. To retain their preliminary classification, Type A and Type B animals were required to be dominant and subordinate, respectively, in matches with each of three same-sex animals of opposite behavioral classification. Following classification, breeding pairs were constituted and classification procedures were repeated with two succeeding generations. Animals that exhibited Type A timing "won" significantly more dominance matches than did Type B animals. Incidence rates of Type A and Type B behavior in the two selectively bred generations were significantly greater than frequencies in the original stock generation. The usefulness of the present animal model for investigating the association of Type A behavior with coronary heart disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of system providing feedback to students on videotaped patient encounters.

A technique in which feedback is provided on videotaped performances to teach interview and examination skills in a pediatric clerkship was evaluated with a single-blind, controlled study. At the beginning of the pediatric ambulatory rotation, each of 105 third-year medical students received verbal and written instruction in conducting pediatric patient interviews and examinations. Then an encounter between each student and a patient was videotaped using a stationary camera mounted in an examination room. The students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: to receive critiques of their performances on the videotaped encounters by their preceptors; to critique their own recorded performances themselves using a written checklist; and to have no critiques. At the end of the clerkship, a second patient encounter was videotaped and was rated and scored by three faculty pediatricians who were unaware of the students' group assignments. Students who received critiques from their preceptors performed significantly better on the second recorded interview and examination (p less than 0.001) than did those who had self-guided critiques or those in the control group that received no critiques.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1984

Toward an integrative approach to the study of stress.

Stress and coping are considered as part of a process involving environmental events, psychosocial processes, and physiological response. The concept of stress as well as approaches to its study are discussed. Links between coping and perceived control are described, and measurement approaches are evaluated. The usefulness of integrated approaches to the study of stress, emphasizing expansion of both conceptual and methodological perspectives, is discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Short-term versus long-term hospitalization in a private psychiatric facility: a follow-up study.

A follow-up study was made of 43 short-term and 42 long-term ex-patients 18 months after their discharge from a private psychiatric hospital. The short-term sample was different from the long-term sample on many preadmission and hospitalization variables, but it was much less different on the follow-up variables. Although most ex-patients in both samples were functioning well at follow-up, the long-term sample was doing somewhat better in all areas, according to both the former patients and their nearest relatives. Differences between the improvement of those in the short- and long-term sample increased when tested by diagnosis; long-term schizophrenic patients improved the most.

Adult↗