Biomedical subjects

J E Varhaug

Publications and source records attributed to J E Varhaug.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Aspirin damage to ischemic gastric mucosa in shocked cats.

Cardiac output and blood flow to different regions and layers of the stomach were determined by the microsphere distribution technique. Aspirin tablets were placed in the stomach of anesthetized cats by gastrotomy. In some animals the arterial pressure was reduced to about 60 mmHg for 30 min by bleeding. The gastric mucosal blood flow decreased markedly during the bleeding. Three hours after reinfusion of the blood gastric mucosal erosions were present at the site of contact of the tablet with the mucosa. In most of the non-bled animals no mucosal lesions were found 4 1/2 after aspirin application. No mucosal damage occurred in animals subjected to bleeding without aspirin treatment. It is concluded that the aspirin damage to the gastric mucosa increases under hemorrhagic shock because of mucosal ischemia in the shocked animals.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1979

Malignant testis tumors. Survival in 53 patients with minimum 5 years observation time.

Survival rate of 53 patients with malignant testis tumors treated during the years 1956-1971 is reported. The observation time is from 5 to 20 years. Thirty-three patients are still alive. Eighteen out of 20 patients with pure seminoma stage A-B are alive, and 1 out of 3 in stage C. Of the 30 patients with non-seminomatous tumors all 8 patients in stage A are alive, while only 1 out of 9 in stage B, and 1 out of 9 patients in stage C have survived. Four patients (including 3 children) which could not be classified according to stage are all alive. All the patients who did not survive died within 5 years after the diagnosis. A new treatment protocol for testicular malignancies is described.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment in 106 patients.

106 patients with a primary thyroid cancer treated in the years 1971--1977 have been studied with respect to preoperative diagnosis and to treatment. We can demonstrate an improved diagnostic accuracy during the 7-year period. Aspiration fine needle biopsy with cytological examination was the preoperative diagnostic method which gave the highest yield. Total thyroidectomy, preferably as a one-stage procedure has been performed in 77 patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1979

Gastric ulceration and changes in acid secretion and mucosal blood flow after partial gastric devascularization in cats.

In anesthetized cats pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and blood flow were determined 2 hours and one week after partial gastric devascularization. The blood flow to different regions and layers of the stomach wall and the cardiac output were determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique. The H+ output from the 30th to the 60th min of pentagastrin stimulation was used as the acid response value. Devascularization resulted in marked decrease in acid secretion after 2 hours and after one week, but the acidity of the gastric juice was not changed. The corpus/fundus mucosal blood flow was markedly reduced 2 hours after devascularization. After one week the blood flow was still low, but not significantly different from sham values. The ratio of acid secretion to mucosal blood flow was not significantly changed one week after devascularization as compared with the acute experiments. All cats examined one week after devascularization had developed ulcers at the midportion of the greater curvature, which was the area of the corpus/fundus that had the most markedly reduced mucosal blood flow. The data indicate that reduced gastric secretion and development of ulcers were due to reduced gastric mucosal blood flow caused by the devascularization. Our results are also discussed in relation to results and complications after highly selective vagotomy in man, as this operation includes partial devascularization of the stomach.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Blood flow distribution in the stomach of cats with acute gastric ulcer.

An ulcer was induced in the anterior wall of the antrum of cats by local injection of acetic acid solution. Carbonized microspheres, 15 +/- 5 microns in diameter, labelled with 141Ce, were used to measure blood flow in different regions and layers of the stomach wall. The radioactivity of a blod reference sample and of tissue samples was determined, and the blood flow was calculated for each tissue sample. The gastric tissue samples were examined microscopically, and the level of gastrin in serum was determined. Two groups of anaesthetized animals were used: in one group of animals blood flow was determined 24 h after ulcer induction and in a group of control animals 24 h after laparotomy. In the ulcer animals the gastric blood flow as increased both in the mucosa and in the muscularis in a zone around the ulcer. Microscopic examination revealed tissue necrosis corresponding to the floor of the ulcer and acute inflammatory changes in the gastric wall around the necrotic area. The serum gastrin concentration tended to increase after ulcer induction.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

Acute gastritis in cats. Effect of water lavage and local hypothermia on gastric blood flow.

In the present investigation gastric blood flow was determined in cat stomachs with acute inflammation during continuous local irrigation with ice water (4 degrees C) or water at body temperature (37 degrees C). Acute gastritis was induced by a 10% acetic acid solution and gastric mucosal and muscularis blood flow were measured by means of gamma-labelled microspheres. The mucosa and muscularis blood flow remained essentially unchanged during irrigation either with ice water or warm water during the observation time of 2 h. The difference in gastric blood flow between the ice-water and warm-water-irrigated groups was not significant.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

Effect of partial devascularization on the blood flow distribution in the cat stomach.

Partial devascularization of the stomach was performed in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Gastric blood flow distribution and cardiac output were determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique. Blood flow was determined before and 30 min after the partial devascularization. Devascularization of the lesser curvature caused a significant decrease in the mucosal and muscularis blood flow at the lesser curvature. After devascularization of the greater curvature, localized reduction in mucosal and muscularis blood flow occurred at the greater curvature. In the sham-operated animals the muscularis blood flow was significantly higher than in the nonoperated animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Effect of pentagastrin on blood flow distribution in the stomach of cats with gastric ulcer.

Ulcer was induced in the anterior wall of the antrum by injection of acetic acid solution. Carbonized microspheres 15 +/- 5 mj in diameter and labelled with 85Sr and 141Ce were used to measure blood flow in different regions and layers of the stomach. The radioactivity of the blood and tissue samples was determined, and the blood flow was calculated for each tissue sample. Three groups of anaesthetized animals were used: 1) animals, with normal stomachs, 2) animals with normal stomachs given pentagastrin, 3)animals with a one-week ulcer given pentagastrin. In animals with normal stomachs given pentagastrin during 20 minutes, the mucosal blood flow increased in all areas of the stomach apart from the antrum. In animals with a gastric ulcer pentagastrin was not found to influence the mucosal blood flow significantly. Pentagastrin was not found to change the muscularis flow in animals with normal stomachs, or in animals with a gastric ulcer.

Acetates↗

PubMed1975

Tibial shaft fractures treated by rigid internal fixation: the early results in a 4-year series.

Ninety-nine fractures of the shaft of the tibia in 98 patients were treated by rigid internal fixation over 4 years. One patient died after operation from myocardial infarction; and one patient went abroad. The healing course of the remaining 97 fractures is described, classified according to the type of fracture and the accuracy of operative reduction. Seventy-five fractures had a normal time to union, defined as the lasting achievement of full weight-bearing within 4 months. In 7 fractures the healing period was moderately delayed (full weight-bearing being achieved in 4-6 months) and in 5 it was seriously delayed, requiring 6-11 months after injury. Nonunion occurred in 4 cases and refracture in 6 cases. Osteitis developed in 2 cases and was successfully treated with antibiotics within 6 weeks. A second internal fixation was necessary in 12 patients. In 5 patients a plaster cast was applied to treat delayed union. Amputation was necessary in a 75-year-old man with senile dementia who developed infection after a second operation for refracture. One patient still has a pseudarthrosis after 2 years and 2 further operations. In the other 95 fractures union was the end-result. Of the 21 comminuted and open fractures only 13 healed within 4 months. We recommend a different approach in the treatment of badly comminuted and open 'high-energy' fractures. With this reservation, we find that the method of rigid internal fixation which we employ has given satisfactory early results. The frequency of both delayed healing and infection is reasonably low compared to the results in similar series.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors including an evaluation of the p-TNM staging system.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and in particular to evaluate the accuracy of the pathological tumour, nodes, metastases (p-TNM) staging. DESIGN: Retrospective univariate and multivariate analysis. SETTING: University hospital in Norway. SUBJECTS: 167 patients who were operated on for papillary thyroid carcinoma between 1971 and 1985. Main outcome measures--Death of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and length of recurrence free survival. RESULTS: Male sex, increasing age, larger tumours, and spread of growth beyond the thyroid all independently increased the risk of dying of papillary thyroid carcinoma, whereas the period of recurrence free survival was influenced only by the presence of regional metastases and the patient's age. The age related p-TNM staging is suitable for predicting the likelihood of death, but is less accurate in the prediction of recurrence free survival. The age of 45 years is too low to be useful in predicting survival, especially in women. CONCLUSION: The identification of sex in the multivariate analysis as a strong independent predictor of death of papillary thyroid cancer suggests that the prognostic value of the age related p-TNM staging system could be improved if sex was adjusted for, and if a different age was used for men and women.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Progesterone-binding cyst protein (PBCP) in operable breast cancer: correlations with prognostic factors and predictive value for effect of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment.

Progesterone-binding cyst protein (PBCP) is a secretory protein which has been found in varying concentrations and incidence in cytosols from benign breast tumors, primary breast cancer and metastasis. In order to evaluate its correlation to other prognostic factors, PBCP was analysed in tumor cytosols from 386 women with stage I and stage II breast cancer. The incidence of PBCP negative (i.e. PBCP = 0) tumors was significantly decreased in node negative patients as compared to node positive (p = 0.012). An inverse correlation between estrogen receptor content and PBCP was found (p = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis PBCP category was found to be an independent predictor of the likelihood of axillary nodal involvement (p = 0.015). In spite of this association, PBCP did not reach statistical significance as an independent prognostic factor with regard to relapse-free survival. To evaluate PBCP category as a possible predictive factor for response to adjuvant endocrine treatment, a subpopulation of node positive patients with ER positive tumors was analysed; in patients with PBCP negative tumors, adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen proved to increase the relapse-free survival significantly (p = 0.011). We suggest that PBCP may have a place among other biochemical parameters in breast cancer, to provide an extended basis for understanding of tumor biology and a better selection of patients for endocrine treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of progestins on receptor levels in breast cancer metastasis.

The influence of oral high-dose (HD) medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate (MA) treatment on steroid hormone receptor levels in metastatic breast tumor tissue was investigated. In ten postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, receptor biopsies were obtained from the same tumor before the start, and one and eight weeks after the start of oral HD progestin treatment. Endocrine treatment had been stopped in all patients at least five weeks before the start of progestin treatment. Estradiol receptor (ER) levels were reduced by 26.9% and 20.0% respectively after one and eight weeks of treatment. Progesterone receptors (PgR) were significantly reduced to undetectable levels, possibly due to MPA and MA binding to PgR. A stepwise decrease in androgen receptors (AR) was observed, indicating that the two progestins (MPA and MA) may also act through AR, and/or interfere with the replenishment of AR.

Aged↗