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J E Womack

Publications and source records attributed to J E Womack.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Chromosomal assignment of six muscle-specific genes in cattle.

Six genes expressed in skeletal or smooth muscle were assigned to bovine chromosomes using rodent, human or bovine cDNA probes. Myogenic determination factor (MYOD1) was 100% concordant with Bos taurus chromosome (BTA) 15, and myogenin (MYOG) was 95% concordant with BTA 16. Smooth muscle caldesmon (CALD1) and the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1) were 100% concordant with BTA 4. Myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) was 90% concordant with BTA 5; this assignment was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization of a bovine genomic MYF5 probe to BTA 5 band 13 and the homologous band on river buffalo 4q. In some metaphases, specific hybridization signals were also observed on BTA 15 band 23, and the equivalent river buffalo homologue, with the MYF5 genomic probe. Because MYOD1 and MYF5 share both nucleotide and functional homology and because MYOD1 was mapped in somatic cell hybrids to BTA 15, we suggest that MYOD1 may be located at BTA 15 band 23. Herculin/myogenic factor 6 (MYF6) was assigned indirectly to BTA 5 by the hybridization of MYF5 and MYF6 probes to the same HindIII fragment in bovine genomic DNA. The assignment of MYF6 to BTA 5 is consistent with the tandem arrangement of MYF5 and MYF6 in human, mouse and chicken, where these tightly linked genes are separated by < 6.5 kb of DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Assignment of the casein kinase II gene family to cattle chromosomes.

Theileriosis, or East Coast fever, a parasitic disease in cattle, is associated with overexpression of casein kinase II. Casein kinase II is composed of two catalytic subunits (alpha or alpha') and two regulatory beta subunits. The genes encoding these subunits of casein kinase II were mapped to bovine chromosomes by polymerase chain reaction analysis of a well-characterized bovine x rodent somatic hybrid cell panel. The alpha-subunit (CSNK2A1) was mapped to bovine chromosome 13, the alpha'-subunit (CSNK2A2) to chromosome 5 and the beta-subunit (CSNK2B) to chromosome 23. Both CSNK2A1 and CSNK2B mapped to known regions of conserved synteny between human and cattle, while CSNK2A2 defined a new homology segment between the human and bovine genomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A high resolution GBG-banded karyotype of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus: generation of an ideogram, and NOR localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

A high resolution karyotype was prepared using GBG-banded chromosomes from kidney epithelial cell lines of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. The karyotype was used to generate a banded ideogram of T. truncatus that will facilitate cytogenetic analyses essential for comparison of dolphin chromosomes with those of potentially related terrestrial vertebrates. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the karytype using a rodent (Geomys bursarius) 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probe allowed localization of four nucleolar organizer (NOR) regions to the short arms of two chromosome pairs. FISH mapping, using DNA probes, is dependent on a pre-existing banded ideogram, and provides the means to initiate physical mapping of the dolphin genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Synteny mapping of four genes from the short arm of human chromosome 19 to bovine chromosome 7.

Four genes on the short arm of human chromosome 19 (HSA 19p) were assigned to bovine chromosome 7 (BTA 7) using a bovine x rodent somatic hybrid cell panel. These four genes were cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), lymphoblastic leukemia derived sequence 1 (LYL1), lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (MANB), and RAS oncogene family member RAB3A. Bovine sequence tagged sites were developed for the four genes and used for screening a bovine x rodent somatic cell panel. All four genes were mapped to bovine synteny group U22 (BTA 7) with a correlation coefficient of 0.901-1.000. This study confirms that the centromeric region of BTA 7 is conserved with HSA 19p.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A molecular genetic approach to improved animal health. The effect of interferon genotype on the severity of experimental bovine herpesvirus-1 infection.

In the past decade, biotechnology has brought veterinary medicine an increased understanding of the effects of genetic background on disease resistance and production traits. Specific point mutations have been identified for a number of genetic diseases and genetic testing; selective breeding programs can eliminate these diseases from the population. Complex traits such as disease resistance and production traits are thought to be under the control of multiple genes, making their manipulation more difficult. Because of their antiviral and immune modulating properties, interferons may be a role in the host defense against viral infection. The Type I interferon gene family has been detailed in cattle and consists of approximately 32 genes clustered together on bovine chromosome 8. These genes are very polymorphic in the population, enabling studies on the association between alleles at specific interferon loci and the severity of clinical diseases following experimental Bovine Herpesvirus-1 infection. Associations were observed between specific IFN genotypes and increased severity of clinical disease in a population of unrelated cattle. With a better understanding of IFNs at the genetic level, it may eventually be possible to manipulate the IFN response for the therapeutic benefit of cattle, and lessen the economic impact of specific diseases on cattle producers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

FISH mapping of the alpha-S2 casein gene on river buffalo and cattle chromosomes identifies a nomenclature discrepancy in the bovine karyotype.

A mixture of five genomic clones spanning the alpha-S2 casein gene (CSN1S2) were mapped to river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and cattle (Bos taurus L.) chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and R-banding. Clear probe hybridization signals were detected on river buffalo chromosome 7q, band 32, and the homologous cattle chromosome. These mapping data allow the indirect assignment of the entire cattle U15 syntenic group to river buffalo chromosome 7. The assignment of U15 to river buffalo chromosome 7 is discussed in the light of chromosomal nomenclature discrepancies involving the homologous cattle chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A karyotypic analysis of the lesser Malay chevrotain, Tragulus javanicus (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae).

Chevrotains are small forest-dwelling ruminants of the family Tragulidae. The chromosome number of the lesser Malay chevrotain was determined to be 2n = 32, NF = 64, G- and Q-banding allowed the identification of homologous chromosomes, and C-banding demonstrated the presence of pericentromeric, telomeric and interstitial constitutive heterochromatin. Q-band comparisons with domestic cattle revealed relatively few monobrachial chromosome band homologies. However, the smallest biarmed autosome of the chevrotain, chromosome 15, was determined to be cytogenetically homologus with the acrocentric chromosome 19 of cattle. A molecular cytogenetic analysis confirmed this putative chromosomal homology. In fact, molecular cytogenetic analyses indicate complete conservation of synteny among mouse deer chromosome 15, domestic cattle chromosome 19, domestic pig chromosome 12 and human chromosome 17. In the light of these molecular cytogenetic data and since mouse deer chromosome 15 is submetacentric and appears homologous in banding to submetacentric chromosome 12 of the domestic pig, these outgroup comparisons indicate that the acrocentric condition of cattle chromosome 19 has been derived by inversion. Since this derivative condition is present in the Antilocapridae, Bovidae, Cervidae and Giraffidae, it is a chromosomal synapomorphy that unites these advance ruminant families within the Artiodactyla.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Evolutionary histories of highly repeated DNA families among the Artiodactyla (Mammalia).

Six highly repeated DNA families were analyzed using Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization in a comparative study of 46 species of artiodactyls belonging to seven of the eight extant taxonomic families. Two of the repeats, the dispersed bovine-Pst family and the localized 1.715 component, were found to have the broadest taxonomic distributions, being present in all pecoran ruminants (Giraffidae, Cervidae, Antilocapridae, and Bovidae), indicating that these repeats may be 25-40 million years old. Different 1.715 restriction patterns were observed in different taxonomic families, indicating that independent concerted evolution events have homogenized different motifs in different lineages. The other four satellite arrays were restricted to the Bovini and sometimes to the related Boselaphini and Tragelaphini. Results reveal that among the two compound satellites studied, the two components of the 1.711a originated simultaneously, whereas the two components of the 1.711b originated at two different historical times, perhaps as many as 15 million years apart. Systematic conclusions support the monophyly of the infraorder Pecora, the monophyly of the subfamily Bovinae (containing the Boselaphini, Bovini, and Tragelaphini), an inability to resolve any interrelationships among the other tribes of bovids, paraphyly of the genus Bos with respect to Bison, and a lack of molecular variation among two morphologically and ecologically distinct subspecies of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer cafer and S. c. nanus). Cytogenetically, a reduction in diploid chromosome numbers through centric fusion in derived karyotypes is accompanied by a loss of centromeric satellite DNA. The nilgai karyotype contains an apparent dicentric chromosome as evidenced by the sites of 1.715 hybridization. Telomeric sequences have been translocated to the centromeres without concomitant chromosomal rearrangement in Thompson's gazelle.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Syntenic assignment of human serotonin receptor subtype 2 (HTR2), esterase D (ESD), and fms-related tyrosine kinase (FLT) homologs to bovine chromosome 12.

Bovine x rodent somatic hybrid cells have been used to syntenically map three bovine genes homologous to loci on human Chromosome (Chr) 13. These three loci, fms-related tyrosine kinase gene (FLT), esterase D (ESD), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2 (HTR2; serotonin receptor subtype 2), were assigned to bovine Chr 12 (BTA12) with 91-95% concordance to the coagulation factor 10 (F10) locus. Along with a previously mapped BTA12 gene, retinoblastoma-1 (RB1), this conserved synteny group spans 178 cM on human Chr 13 (HSA13). Previous reports suggested homology between HSA13 and both BTA2 and BTA12. Results reported here extend the boundary of the HSA13-BTA12 comparative map, contradict the previous preliminary assignment of ESD to BTA2, and suggest instead that the q arm of HSA13 may be entirely conserved in BTA12.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Syntenic assignment of dopamine tautomerase (DCT) to bovine chromosome 12.

Heterologous primers were used to amplify an exon and intron-containing segment of the bovine homologue of the human dopachrome tautomerase gene. After confirmation of homology by sequence analysis (exon sequence similarity greater than 90%), bovine-specific primers were developed for synteny mapping purposes. The dopachrome tautomerase gene was assigned to bovine chromosome 12 (BTA12) with 97% concordance to the coagulation factor 10 locus. Together with previous synteny mapping of bovine chromosome 12 genes, fms-related tyrosine kinase, esterase D and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2, this assignment further indicates conservation between human chromosome 13q and bovine chromosome 12.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Seven genes from human chromosome 18 map to chromosome 24 in the bovine.

Bovine sequence tagged sites (STSs) were developed for seven genes and used for synteny mapping with a hybrid bovine x rodent cell line panel. The genes were thymidylate synthase (TYMS), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (ADCYAP1), and melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) from the short arm of human chromosome (HSA) 18 and N-cadherin (CDH2), transthyretin (TTR), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI2) from the long arm of HSA 18. Primers for these genes were designed with human, ovine, or bovine sequences aligned with a sequence from a second species. The bovine PCR product was cloned, and the fragment was sequenced to verify that the homologous gene was indeed amplified. A second set of bovine-specific PCR primers were developed for each gene from these sequences. These STSs were used for synteny mapping, and all seven genes were syntenic with markers of bovine chromosome (BTA) 24. The concordance with BTA 24 was at least 96.5% for all genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

High-resolution FISH mapping of beta-defensin genes to river buffalo and sheep chromosomes suggests a chromosome discrepancy in ffttle standard karyotypes.

High-resolution chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and R-banding allowed the chromosomal localization of the beta-defensin gene cluster (DEFB@) to chromosome band 1p12 in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50) and to band 24q13 in sheep (Ovis aries, 2n = 54), according to standard nomenclatures. The localizations permitted the tentative assignment of the entire bovine syntenic group U25 to these chromosomes. A FISH mapping control on cattle chromosomes confirmed the localization of DEFB@ in the homoeologous chromosome and chromosome band. Comparisons were made between river buffalo chromosome 1p and the homoeologous cattle chromosome on standard karyotypes; the results are discussed in light of gene assignments, extensive chromosome band conservation among the Bovidae, and inconsistencies in domestic cattle chromosome nomenclatures.

Animals↗