[Criticism of the treatment of varicose veins should have a valid basis].
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Denmark↗
Biomedical subjects
J Eickhoff
Publications and source records attributed to J Eickhoff.
A market basket survey of inorganic arsenic in food.
Dietary arsenic intake estimates based on surveys of total arsenic concentrations appear to be dominated by intake of the relatively non-toxic, organic arsenic forms found in seafood. Concentrations of inorganic arsenic in food have not been not well characterized. Accurate dietary intake estimates for inorganic arsenic are needed to support studies of arsenic's status as an essential nutrient, and to establish background levels of exposure to inorganic arsenic. In the market basket survey reported here, 40 commodities anticipated to provide at least 90% of dietary inorganic arsenic intake were identified. Four samples of each commodity were collected. Total arsenic was analysed using an NaOH digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Separate aliquots were analysed for arsenic species using an HCl digestion and hydride atomic absorption spectroscopy. Consistent with earlier studies, total arsenic concentrations (all concentrations reported as elemental arsenic per tissue wet weight) were highest in the seafoods sampled (ranging from 160 ng/g in freshwater fish to 2360 ng/g in saltwater fish). In contrast, average inorganic arsenic in seafood ranged from less than 1 ng/g to 2 ng/g. The highest inorganic arsenic values were found in raw rice (74 ng/g), followed by flour (11 ng/g), grape juice (9 ng/g) and cooked spinach (6 ng/g). Thus, grains and produce are expected to be significant contributors to dietary inorganic arsenic intake.
Arsenic↗
Estramustine phosphate versus placebo as second line treatment after orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: DAPROCA study 9002. Danish Prostatic Cancer Group.
PURPOSE: We compared the effect of 560 mg. estramustine phosphate daily to placebo as a supplement to standard palliative therapy in patients with progressive disease after bilateral orchiectomy as first line therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double-blind multicenter study 131 patients with progressing metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer were randomized to receive 280 mg. estramustine phosphate 2 times daily versus placebo. End points were clinical progression and death. Adverse events, decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA) and subjective response were also assessed. RESULTS: Adverse events were common in both groups but breast tenderness/gynecomastia and diarrhea were more frequent among patients in the estramustine phosphate group. Subjective responses were few (9 of 50 estramustine phosphate and 4 of 57 placebo cases, p = 0.15). Median observation time for survival was 43 months and 124 patients died. Median time to subjective progression and median overall survival did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at 4.6 and 9.4 months in the estramustine phosphate group versus 5.0 and 6.1 months in the placebo group. Of 61 patients in the estramustine phosphate group 29 achieved a reduction in PSA of more than 25% at 1 month of followup compared to only 3 of 68 receiving placebo. A decrease in PSA after 1 month correlated significantly with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study did not prove estramustine phosphate to be superior to placebo in terms of protocol end points, it generates the hypothesis that prolonged survival may be achieved with estramustine phosphate treatment in a subgroup of patients and that this may be predicted by a decrease in PSA after 1 month of therapy.
Aged↗
Heavy metal effects on Proteus mirabilis superoxide dismutase production.
Proteus mirabilis expressed three superoxide dismutase activities, which depended on the level of soluble iron and dioxygen in the culture medium. Cadmium and lead decreased production of super oxide dismutase in liquid culture and on solid medium. A fourth super oxide dismutase activity appeared in extracts from cells grown in the presence of cadmium. These results support the idea of an interaction between toxic metal ions and putative iron- and redox-dependent regulatory systems.
Cadmium↗
Thromboendarterectomy vs. aortic bifurcation graft for unilateral iliac artery atherosclerosis.
Retrospective comparison was made of the results from 57 unilateral ilio-femoral thromboendarterectomies in 55 patients and 42 bifurcation grafts in 42 patients. There were three hospital deaths, one after thromboendarterectomy and two after insertion of bifurcation graft. No early or late graft infection occurred. The five-year cumulative patency rate was significantly higher in the bifurcation graft group than after thromboendarterectomy (85% vs. 61%). This higher patency rate supports the concept that local thromboendarterectomy has only limited indications.
Adult↗
Thermotolerance and thermosensitization in CHO and R1H cells: a comparative study.
In CHO and R1H cells thermotolerance was induced by a pre-incubation at 40 degrees C, by an acute heat shock at 43 degrees C followed by a time interval at 37 degrees C, and during continuous heating at 42 degrees C. Thermotolerance, which was tested at 43 degrees C, primarily causes an increase in D0 of the heat-response curve. The degree of maximum thermotolerance was found to be generally more pronounced in CHO than in R1H cells, but the time interval at 37 degrees C, as well as at 40 degrees C, to reach this maximum level was the same in both cell lines. CHO and R1H cells could be sensitized to 40 degrees C by a pre-treatment at 43 degrees C. When compared for the same survival rate after pre-treatment at 43 degrees C alone the degree of thermosensitization was about the same in both cell lines. In either cell line thermosensitization was found to be suppressed when cells were made thermotolerant by a previous incubation at 40 degrees C for 16 hours.
Acclimatization↗
Selected physiological and psychological effects of aerobic dancing among young adult women.
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Adult↗
Umbilical vein grafts for reconstructive surgery below the inguinal ligament.
Thirty-five of 118 bypass procedures of the lower extremities were performed using umbilical vein grafts (Biograft) in patients without suitable great saphenous veins. Four early thromboses occurred, and two thrombectomies were performed, one successfully. Two late thromboses occurred, and in both cases thrombectomies were attempted, one successfully. Four grafts (11 per cent) occluded within a mean follow-up time of 10 months. The accumulated patency was 80 per cent after 21 months. Three patients with thrombosed grafts received below-the-knee amputations. One patient with an open graft also received a below-the-knee amputation because of osteomyelitis and muscle necrosis. Finally, one patient with an open graft underwent an amputation of the forefoot because of small vessel disease.
Adult↗
Effect of pH on development and decay of thermotolerance in CHO cells using fractionated heating at 43 degrees C.
The development and decay of thermotolerance at pH 6.7, 7.1 and 7.7 was studied after fractionated hyperthermia at 43 degrees C using exponentially growing CHO cells. The maximum of thermotolerance and the time interval to reach this maximum were found to correlate with the survival decrement after the priming heat treatment. Both parameters were only affected by pH in so far as the pH altered survival after the priming treatment. Decay of thermotolerance was exponential. For a given priming heat treatment for the time t1, the half-time of decay, tau 1/2, increased linearly with increasing cell doubling time, tau d, measured for non-heated cells growing at different pH. On the other hand, for a given cell doubling time, tau d, the half-time, tau 1/2, increased exponentially with increasing duration of the priming heat treatment, t1. For all measured data the half-time of thermotolerance decay could be described by the equation tau 1/2 = alpha. tau d.exp(k.t1), with k = 2.2 +/- 0.2 h-1 and alpha = 0.094 +/- 0.009 for all pretreatments applied and all pH conditions tested. This relationship might indicate that the decay of thermotolerance is governed by a single mechanism.
Animals↗