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Biomedical subjects

J Eide

Publications and source records attributed to J Eide.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Assessment of mucosal inflammation and blood flow in response to four weeks' intervention with probiotics in patients operated with a J-configurated ileal-pouch-anal-anastomosis (IPAA).

BACKGROUND: Pouchitis is a common and troublesome condition in patients operated on with ileal-pouch-anal-anastomosis (IPAA). A disturbed mucosal perfusion in the pouch has been suggested as a possible cause. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been used successfully to measure gastric and colonic mucosal perfusion in humans. In a previous study, we demonstrated a reduced mucosal perfusion in the distal part of the pouch, during probiotic intervention, examined by LDF measurement. The aim of the present study was to confirm our previous results in a much larger material, and to compare the results of LDF measurements and inflammatory activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with those in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. METHODS: Five hundred millilitres of a fermented milk product (Cultura), containing live lactobacilli (La-5) and bifidobacteria (Bb-12), was given daily for 4 weeks to 41 UC and 10 patients with FAP, operated on with IPAA. Mucosal perfusion was measured with LDF and the degree of inflammation was examined at predefined levels of the distal bowel by histology and faecal calprotectin measurements both before and after intervention. We also evaluated the applicability of a Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI). RESULTS: The LDF measurements were reproducible in the pelvic pouch at each of the predefined levels, but did not change during intervention. Mucosal perfusion was significantly reduced in the distal compared to the proximal part of the pouch in the UC group (P < 0.05). The perfusion levels were higher in the FAP patients compared to the UC patientsat all predefined levels (P < 0.05). Calprotectin levels and histological score did not change significantlyafter intervention in any of the groups. The calprotectin level was significantly lower in the FAP compared to the UC group both before and after intervention. The PDAI decreased in both groups from alevel considered diagnostic for pouchitis to a level considered as not active pouchitis. The decreasewas significant for the UC patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results did not demonstrate an effect of probiotics on histology, although a significant effect on the PDAI was achieved, which concurs with the previously reported effect on symptoms and endoscopic score. The significantly reduced blood flow in the UC group compared to the FAP group, operated on with the same procedure, and the significantly increased calprotectin levels in the UC group, are original findings. Both findings may be related to an increased risk for pouchitis among UC patients. The lack of effect of intervention on mucosal perfusion does not exclude a role for reduced circulation as a cause of pouchitis based on the reduced LDF measurements in the distal part of the pouch.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of mucosal inflammation and circulation in response to probiotics in patients operated with ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Pouchitis is a common and troublesome condition, and a disturbed microbiological flora and mucosal blood flow in the pouch have been suggested as possible causes. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been used successfully to measure gastric and colonic mucosal perfusion in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intervention with probiotics on ileal pouch inflammation and perfusion in the pouch, assessed by endoscopy, histology, fecal calprotectin and LDF. METHODS: A fermented milk product (Cultura; 500 ml) containing live lactobacilli (La-5) and bifidobacteria (Bb-12) was given daily for 4 weeks to 10 patients operated with ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Mucosal perfusion was measured with LDF and the degree of inflammation was examined at predefined levels of the distal bowel by endoscopy and histology. Stool samples were cultured for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and calprotectin were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS: The LDF measurements were reproducible in the pelvic pouch at each of the predefined levels, but did not change after intervention. The mucosal perfusion was reduced in the distal compared to the proximal part of the pouch. Calprotectin levels did not change significantly after intervention. The median endoscopic score for inflammation was significantly reduced by 50% after intervention, whereas the histological score did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that probiotics primarily act superficially, with change of gross appearance of the mucosa at endoscopy, but without significant effect on histological picture, mucosal perfusion or faecal calprotectin, during a relatively short period of 4 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the complestatin biosynthetic gene cluster.

Streptomyces lavendulae produces complestatin, a cyclic peptide natural product that antagonizes pharmacologically relevant protein-protein interactions including formation of the C4b,2b complex in the complement cascade and gp120-CD4 binding in the HIV life cycle. Complestatin, a member of the vancomycin group of natural products, consists of an alpha-ketoacyl hexapeptide backbone modified by oxidative phenolic couplings and halogenations. The entire complestatin biosynthetic and regulatory gene cluster spanning ca. 50 kb was cloned and sequenced. It consisted of 16 ORFs, encoding proteins homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetases, cytochrome P450-related oxidases, ferredoxins, nonheme halogenases, four enzymes involved in 4-hydroxyphenylglycine (Hpg) biosynthesis, transcriptional regulators, and ABC transporters. The nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisted of a priming module, six extending modules, and a terminal thioesterase; their arrangement and domain content was entirely consistent with functions required for the biosynthesis of a heptapeptide or alpha-ketoacyl hexapeptide backbone. Two oxidase genes were proposed to be responsible for the construction of the unique aryl-ether-aryl-aryl linkage on the linear heptapeptide intermediate. Hpg, 3,5-dichloro-Hpg, and 3,5-dichloro-hydroxybenzoylformate are unusual building blocks that repesent five of the seven requisite monomers in the complestatin peptide. Heterologous expression and biochemical analysis of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine transaminon confirmed its role as an aminotransferase responsible for formation of all three precursors. The close similarity but functional divergence between complestatin and chloroeremomycin biosynthetic genes also presents a unique opportunity for the construction of hybrid vancomycin-type antibiotics.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

High prevalence of asymptomatic coeliac disease in Norway: a study of blood donors.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of symptomatic coeliac disease in Norway is 1:675. Coeliac disease has previously been reported in presumably healthy people. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of latent coeliac disease in apparently healthy (i.e. asymptomatic) Norwegian individuals. METHODS: Blood donor sera were tested for gluten antibodies (IgA, IgG). Positive samples (IgA AGA > 0.35, IgG AGA > 0.90) were further tested for endomysium antibodies (IgA EMA). EMA positive individuals were offered gastroenterological investigation. RESULTS: Of 2096 sera, 83 fulfilled the criteria for EMA testing (M/F = 55/28). Eight individuals were EMA positive. On biopsy, seven out of eight had villous atrophy (six subtotal, one partial). None of the patients had significant symptoms. Biochemical data showed iron deficiency (two), hypocalcaemia (one), and low serum zinc (five). All patients were treated with a gluten-free diet and followed up. CONCLUSION: The study indicates a prevalence of 1:340 among asymptomatic and presumably healthy people. This is in keeping with studies from other countries. Lack of symptoms does not exclude secondary deficiency conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chloramphenicol Stimulates the Accumulation of Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein II by Affecting Posttranscriptional Events in the Chlorina CD3 Mutant Wheat.

The levels of total chlorophyll (Chl), total carotenoids, light-harvesting Chl a/b apoprotein of photosystem II (LHCPII), and light-harvesting Chl a/b apoprotein (LHCP) mRNA were examined in the CD3 chlorina mutant wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) after 18 hours greening at either a low (3 micromoles of photons per square meter per second) or moderate (200 micromoles of photons per square meter per second) irradiance. The Chl b and LHCPII deficient mutant wheat accumulated significantly greater levels of Chl and LHCPII when greened under low irradiance than when greened under a moderate irradiance level. The level of LHCP mRNA, as measured by dot-blot and Northern hybridization analyses to a cDNA probe, increased in response to the irradiance level in the wheat. Applications of chloramphenicol (CAP) to the mutant wheat increased total Chl, Chl b, and LHCPII accumulations at both irradiance levels. Even though the CAP-treated CD3 mutant wheat accumulated similar levels of plastid pigments as those of CAP-treated wild type, the LHCPII amounts were much higher in the wild type than in the CD3 mutant of wheat. CAP treatment did not significantly increase the LHCP mRNA level in either wheat. Applications of either benzyladenine or CAP to the mutant, greened under the moderate irradiance level for 72 hours, increased all plastid pigment levels except for beta-carotene. The benzyladenine plus CAP combination treatment had little effect on the LHCPII levels in the wild-type wheat. The combination treatment increased the LHCPII accumulation in the CD3 mutant of wheat by about twice that of the untreated mutant. Excess LHC pigment accumulation was promoted in each wheat line. We conclude that the regulation of LHCPII in the CD3 mutant of wheat is controlled by a posttranscriptional event. Furthermore, the accumulation of LHC bound pigments is not coupled with the accumulation of LHCPII in wheat thylakoid membranes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Proliferative Brenner tumor or ovarian metastases? A case report.

A case of low-grade superficial transitional papillomas of the urinary bladder and concomitant bilateral ovarian tumors with close similarities to the rare proliferative Brenner tumor is reported. Due to lack of benign Brenner elements, metastases from the bladder tumors were suggested. Death was apparently related to the effect of chemotherapy, and metastases were never confirmed. In review of the case, the authors found that the morphologic appearances and biological behavior of the ovarian tumors were more consistent with a proliferative Brenner tumor than with metastases. It is pointed out that a proliferative Brenner tumor should not be excluded in the absence of benign Brenner elements when other features are characteristic. Bilateral proliferating Brenner tumors are probably not reported previously. Histogenetic implications of a combined proliferative complex of bladder papillomas and Brenner tumor are briefly discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Silicotic lesions of the bone marrow: histopathology and microanalysis.

Silica deposition and characteristic nodular silicotic lesions of the bone marrow, virtually unknown features of silicosis, are described in a case of severe lung silicosis with silicotic granulomas of the liver and spleen. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis confirmed the presence of quartz and feld-spars. The bone marrow lesions included inconspicuous accumulations of silica-containing macrophages, free silica, slight lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, and reticulin fibre formation; and development of slightly larger partly fibrous silicotic nodules, comparable to those of the lung, liver, and spleen. Silicosis must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow granulomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Cardiac tamponade as a result of infusion therapy. A potentially amenable complication of central venous catheters.

A fatal case of infusion of a fat emulsion (Intralipid) into the pericardium is reported. Perforation of the anterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart by a central venous catheter had occurred 3 days after insertion via the basilic vein. Local myocardial inflammation and necrosis along the puncture wound through the myocardium was a feature. The incident underlines the necessity for prompt assurance of correct positioning of central venous catheters. It is emphasized that effective treatment is possible if one is aware of some important features of the condition. Immediate diagnosis is mandatory.

Cardiac Tamponade↗
PubMed1982

Bone infarcts in bacterial endocarditis.

Vertebral bone infarcts in two fatal cases of staphylococcic endocarditis are reported. It is suggested that they were embolic in nature, and that ischemia could be a reason for bone pain in infective endocarditis.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Pathogenesis of generalized melanosis with melanuria and melanoptysis secondary to malignant melanoma.

A case of disseminated malignant melanoma with generalized melanosis of the skin and other tissues, melanuria, melanoptysis, and a dark brown blood serum is reported. The reticuloendothelial system contained large amounts of melanin pigment. Lysis of degenerating pigment-loaded melanoma cells in peripheral blood vessels seemed to be of considerable importance in the pigmentation of tissues. Focal pigmentation of capillary endothelium and perivascular deposition of melanin pigment in macrophages and, occasionally contained large amounts of melanin pigment. Lysis of degenerating pigment-loaded melanoma cells in peripheral blood vessels seemed to be of considerable importance in the pigmentation of tissues. Focal pigmentation of capillary endothelium and perivascular deposition of melanin pigment in macrophages and, occasionally contained large amounts of melanin pigment. Lysis of degenerating pigment-loaded melanoma cells in peripheral blood vessels seemed to be of considerable importance in the pigmentation of tissues. Focal pigmentation of capillary endothelium and perivascular deposition of melanin pigment in macrophages and, occasionally, in other cells, was noted. Single cell metastases contributed to melanin pigmentation of most organs, but were not found in sections of the skin. Melanoptysis (black sputum) was due to diffuse melanoma cell infiltration of the lungs, with secondary pigment deposition in macrophages and in bronchial epithelial cells. In this case the 'glomerular melanoma cell emboli' recorded by previous authors consisted of melanin pigment and cell debris. Focal damage of glomeruli affected by pigment emboli is described allowing access of melanoma cell debris (including melanin pigment granules) into glomerular tubules.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

Malformation of the great vein of Galen with neonatal heart failure. Report of two cases.

The clinical and patholgoical findings in two neonates with the malformation of the great vein of Galen are given. They both reported with serious neonatal heart failure suggesting congenital heart disease. In one of them cardiac catheterization revealed a foetal pattern of circulation causing cyanosis. A bruit and in one of them a thrill over the skull gave the clinical diagnosis of an intracranial arteriovenous aneurysm. They died 48 and 144 hours after birth in spite of medical treatment. The outlook for patients having malformation of the great vein of Galen and suffering neonatal heart failure treated conservatively, seems hopeless.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Aortic rupture in a patient with elastosis perforans serpiginosa (Lutz-Miescher).

A case of aortic rupture in a 30-year-old women with a rare skin disease, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, is presented. Skin lesions are characterized by marked elastic tissue changes. Multiple large arteries and the distal part of the aorta were thinwalled also with aneurysm-like dilatations. Focal fibroelastosis and degenerative changes were present in the vessel walls. The changes in the aorta made the surgical treatment difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Elastosis perforans serpiginosa with widespread arterial lesions: a case report.

A case is presented of elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) with unilateral dermal lesions, widespread arterial lesions with aortic rupture, and elastosis of the endocardium and bronchiolar walls. Other chronic skin disorders with lesions resembling EPS are discussed; and the arterial lesions compared with some arterial diseases. The findings support a concept of the disease as a focal affection of elastic tissue, not only in the skin, but also in arteries and other organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Visceral ischaemia following coeliac- and superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Report of a case.

A patient with acute ischaemia of the abdominal organs after coeliac- and superior mesenteric artery occlusion is reported. Following vascular reconstruction and resection of gangrenous colon and ileum the main early postoperative problem was hepatic failure. A grave malabsorption syndrome developed necessitating periodic i.v. hyperalimentation. The patient showed no improvement of intestinal function and died 5 months postoperatively from peritonitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Acute disseminated phycomycosis in a patient with impaired neutrophil granulocyte function.

A 13-year-old girl with no previously known predisposing disease developed phycomycosis involving the left lung, pleura and shoulder, the left side of the neck, the left thigh, the kidneys and the brain. Prolonged amphotericin B therapy resulted in clinical improvement, but the disease was wide-spread when the patient died 5 months after debut of symptoms from a subarachnoid haemorrhage due to fungal destruction of the basilar artery. During hospitalization, a marked reduction in the bactericidal activity of circulating neutrophil granulocytes was repeatedly demonstrated and the endotoxin stimulated nitroblu tetrazolium test was negative. Together with the demonstration of granuloma formation and the accumulation of lipid-laden histiocytes in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and the thymus, these findings indicate that the patient had a less severe form of chronic granulomatous disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Case report: maldescent of the thymus in a hypoparathyroid infant with Pharyngeal Pouch Syndrome.

The clinical and pathological findings in a 6-month-old boy with III-IV pharyngeal puoch syndrome are reported. The infant had multiple congenital anomalies including absence of the parathyroid glands, maldescent of the thymus, aberrant right subclavian artery and dysfunction of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Because of persistence of the thymus in the cervical area, a thymic shadow was not found on roentgenographic examination of the anterior mediastinum. The weight and histology of the thymus were normal, as were studies of humoral and cellular immunity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗