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J Eiselt

Publications and source records attributed to J Eiselt.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Transitional elements and free radicals].

Iron and copper are essential trace elements, which in certain conditions, namely in the ionised form or in low-molecular complexes, can participate in single electron reactions and catalyse formation of free radicals, including the dangerous hydroxyl radical. Similar behavior have also some other transitive metals. Our overview is aimed on the role of transitive elements in the formation of free radicals and on the mechanisms that organisms have to prevent it. The highest attendance is given to the metabolism of iron and cooper. Consistent protection against free transitive metals (by binding with proteins, by oxidation or sequestration in a special compartment) enables organism to use their beneficial and required features without impairment of cell. Knowledge of these mechanisms provides the means to predict and effectively prevent the brake down of such defend systems in situations of the intravascular hemolysis, hemodialysis, administration of iron, impairments of the iron and copper metabolism, intoxication by oxidising substances etc.

Copper↗
PubMed2001

[Paired filtration dialysis and free radicals].

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal dialysis compensating kidney function represents a risk of elevated production of free radicals (FR). Paired filtration dialysis (PFD) is a hemodialysing method used to compensate kidney function. The aim of our work was to study effects of PFD with two types of hemodiafilters on the activity of free radicals. METHOD AND RESULTS: Group of nine regularly dialysed patients was treated with PFD 1) with demodiafilter SG3, composed of polysulphone high-flux hemodiafilter and hemophane low-flux dialysator, 2) with hemodiafilter SG30, composed of identical hemodiafilter as the above on and of a polysulphone low-flux dialysator. Parameters related to FR were examined before, at 30th minute and at the end of procedure. Plasma concentration of substances reacting with thiobarbiturate acid (TBARS) increased at 30th minute when PFD with SG3 was used (3.24 +/- 0.36 versus 3.48 +/- 0.31, p < 0.01) and at the end of the procedure (3.24 +/- 0.36 versus 3.58 +/- 0.48, p < 0.05). Glutathione values in erythrocytes (GSH) decreased at 30th minute of PFD with SG3 (1.85 +/- 0.27 versus 1.68 +/- 0.20, p < 0.05). Plasma antioxidative capacity decreased at 30th minute and at the end of PFD with equal significance when either type of treatment was used (p < 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) decreased at 30th minute of PFD with SG30 (35.6 +/- 3.8 versus 32.2 +/- 3.1, p < 0.05). Selenium (Se) in blood decreased at 30th minute (44.9 +/- 5.4 versus 40.4 +/- 5.9, p < 0.05) and at the end of PFD with the same membrane (44.9 +/- 5.4 versus 39.4 +/- 5.2, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of TBARS and decrease of GSH show the presence of oxidative stress during the PFD treatment with hemodiafilter SG3. Changes probably result from the contact of blood with the hemophane membrane. The decrease of GSHPx during PFD with hemodiafilter SG30 is probably caused by the loss of Se. From the point of FR production, hemodiafilter SG30 can be considered as more advantageous, from the point of Se loss and decreased activity of GSHPx, hemodiafilter SG3 has better effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of a vitamin E-modified dialysis membrane and vitamin C infusion on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients.

Hemodialysis deteriorates oxidative stress. Vitamin E is an antioxidant whose regeneration is provided for by vitamin C. The authors tested the effects of a vitamin E-modified membrane (E), nonmodified cellulose membrane (O), and vitamin C infusion (500 mg, C) into the arterial blood line during dialysis on parameters of oxidative stress. In a short-term study, 24 patients were subjected to a single dialysis session with E, O, E with C, and O with C protocols. In a long-term study (12 weeks), 20 patients were randomized into groups with C and without C on each dialysis, and both groups had dialysis using O, E, and again O membrane for 4 weeks each. In the short-term study, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) in plasma rose after dialysis (p < 0.02) with O, and no changes were observed in the other 3 protocols. In the long-term study, predialysis TBARS declined when using E both in the groups with C (p < 0.02) and without C (p < 0.05). A switch over to O resulted in TBARS returning to baseline levels. The E membrane prevented an increase in lipid peroxidation during single dialysis, and long-term use of the E membrane also resulted in a decrease in the predialysis lipid peroxidation level. The antioxidant capacity of the E membrane was not enhanced by vitamin C infusion. High doses of vitamin C administered during dialysis using a nonmodified cellulose membrane prevented an increase in lipid peroxidation, most probably due to the enhanced rate of endogenous vitamin E regeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effect of hemodialysis and acetate-free biofiltration on anemia.

The authors monitored, for a period of 12 months, anemia-, nutrition-, and free radical-related parameters and the rHuEPO dose required to maintain target hemoglobin (Hb) in 20 patients with chronic renal failure. Ten patients each were randomized for treatment by either acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) or low-flux hemodialysis (HD). At baseline, Hb levels were 102+/-2 (AFB) vs. 98+/-2 g/L (HD) (not significant difference, NS), the rHuEPO dose was 4050+/-976 vs. 5100+/-1538 lU/week (NS). Compared with baseline and with HD, lower rHuEPO doses were required during AFB at months 8, 9, 10 and 11, and 12 when they were 2100+/-510 (AFB) vs. 6000+/-1153 (HD), p=0.008. Prealbumin, transferrin and cholinesterase levels rose in the AFB group. Kt/V, albumin, transferrin saturation, aluminium, bicarbonate in serum, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes, and malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity in plasma did not differ between the AFB and HD groups. In terms of anemia control, AFB using an AN69 membrane was found to be more advantageous than low-flux HD, AFB improves some nutritional parameters. The compared methods do not differ in their effect on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Oxidative stress: the effect of erythropoietin and the dialysis membrane.

Dialysis patients run the risk of impaired antioxidative defense and increased free radicals (FR) production. The study was made in order to compare FR-related parameters in ten patients treated with erythropoietin (EPO+) and ten patients not subject to this treatment (EPO-). All patients showed stable hemoglobin levels at > 95 g/L. FR-related parameters were monitored during hemodialysis (HD) using a polysulfon (PS) or a hemophan (H) membrane for 12 of them (6 EPO+ a 6 EPO-). The EPO- group was found to have a higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1160 + 218 vs; 882 + 125 IU/gHb, p<0.01) and a higher SOD/glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) ratio compared with EPO+ (30.5 +/- 7.1 vs; 21.2 + 4.8, p<0.01). A total of 35 healthy volunteers were also examined. When compared with controls EPO- showed higher SOD (p<0.001), lower GSHPx (p<0.05) and a higher SOD/GSHPx ratio (p<0.001). Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances in EPO+ and EPO- were comparable with the levels found in controls. HD using H as well as PS membranes was associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione levels (GSH after 30 minutes; also for H after HD). HD using H and PS membranes resulted in a decrease in the plasma antioxidant capacity (AOC). We can conclude that the intraerythrocyte antioxidant conditions of EPO+ patients are similar to those found in the general population and differ from those in EPO- exhibiting increased SOD and the SOD/GSHPx ratio. HD using the H as well as the PS membrane is accompanied by oxidative stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Hemodiafiltration].

Haemodiafiltration (HDF) is renal replacement therapy. It is a method of blood clearance based on the principle of diffuse and convection transport of substances through a semipermeable membrane. The method uses high-flux membranes, usually synthetic ones with a high ultrafiltration coefficient. According to the principle of preparation of a substitution solution HDF is divided into bag methods (substitution solutions in bags), on-line HDF (continual preparation of substitution solution in an apparatus in the course of the procedure) and HDF based on reversed filtration of the dialyzation solution through the membrane of the haemodiafilter. Depending on the length and frequency of the procedure, there is intermittent HDF used in particular in the treatment of chronic renal failure and continual HDF used in acute conditions where renal failure is part of multiorgan dysfunction. Depending on the site of administration of the substitution solution, we differentiate between predilution HDF (the substitution solution is administered into the blood stream before haemodiafiltration) and postdilution HDF (the substitution solution is administered into the bloodstream after the haemodiafilter). HDF methods are highly effective in the elimination of low-molecular and medium-molecular substances. They are effective and well tolerated by patients. They can be used under conditions when standard haemodialysis is associated with circulatory instability or is not sufficiently effective. The author describes principles and possibilities of application of different modifications of HDF methods.

Hemodiafiltration↗
PubMed1998

The effects of a polyacrylonitrile membrane and a membrane made of regenerated cellulose on the plasma concentrations of erythropoietin during hemodialysis.

In vitro studies have shown that some dialysis membranes significantly adsorb erythropoietin (EPO), a fact that might have an effect on anemia in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients and on anemia treatment with recombinant human EPO. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the ability of adsorption demonstrated in vitro also has an effect on EPO concentrations in vivo. In a crossover study, the plasma concentrations of EPO were examined in 11 patients on chronic HD during HD using a polyacrylonitrile (AN69) membrane (high in vitro adsorption) plus EPO administered subcutaneously after the HD session, HD using a Cuprophan membrane (low in vitro adsorption) plus EPO administered subcutaneously after the HD session, HD using an AN69 membrane plus EPO administered subcutaneously after the HD session plus EPO administered intravenously immediately before HD, or HD using a Cuprophan membrane plus EPO administered subcutaneously after the HD session plus EPO intravenously immediately before HD. The intradialysis plasma concentrations of EPO (not detectable in the dialysate) determined at the dialyzer inlet and outlet at Minutes 5 and 240 of the procedure did not differ significantly after its subcutaneous administration from its predialysis concentrations with either the Cuprophan or AN69 membrane. A comparison of EPO concentrations between AN69 and Cuprophan did not reveal marked differences either. The course of concentrations after additional EPO intravenous administration was similar with no statistically demonstrable difference between the 2 membranes. In conclusion, under clinical conditions, AN69 and Cuprophan membranes do not differ in their effects on plasma EPO concentrations. The differences in EPO adsorption between AN69 and Cuprophan, demonstrated in vitro, do not seem to be of clinical importance.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1998

[Paired filtration dialysis--evaluation of effectiveness of the method].

Paired filtration dialysis (PFD) is a haemodiafiltration method which uses in a major way the convection as well as the diffusion principle of blood clearance. It is the only method replacing renal function where blood filtration is separated from diffusion. The objective of the study is to make the medical community familiar with this method and to assess the effectiveness of PFD when two types of haemodiafilters are used. The effectiveness of PFD is also compared with haemodialysis where a highly permeable haemofilter is used (high-flux haemodialysis, HFHD) with a medium-size area. A group of 8 dialyzed patients was treated after weekly intervals by PFD in two set-ups: 1. PFD with a haemodiafilter SG3 (high-flux polysulphon haemofilter and a low-flux haemophan dialyzer, area 0.55 m2 and 1.36 m2). 2. PFD with haemodiafilter SG30 (high-flux polysulphon haemofilter and low-flux polysulphon dialyzer, area 0.55 m2 and 1.36 m2). The author used also HFHD with a polyacrylonitrile membrane AN 69 (Filtral 12, area 1.3 m2). The index of the dialyzation dose Kt/V was higher in PFD, similarly as the clearance of creatinine, urea, phosphates and uric acid. Beta-2-microglobulin was investigated as a representative of medium-sized molecular substances. Beta-2-microglobulin was eliminated in HFHD and PFD, HFHD being most effective. The selected variants of PFD replace effectively the excretory renal function. The effectiveness of PFD is in particular due to the large total area of the haemodiafilter. According to the authors the standard length of the procedure for a patient with a mean height at a rate of 300 ml/min. is 4 hours. PFD eliminates also beta-2-microglobulin similarly (SG3) or less (SG30) than HFHD with membrane AN 69 with a medium-sized area.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Antioxidants and malondialdehyde during hemodialysis with cellulose diacetate and polysulfone membranes].

BACKGROUND: Free radicals (FR) may cause lipid peroxidation and damage macromolecules and cellular structure of the organism, e.g. endothelium and erythrocytes. Some studies have shown that haemodialysis is connected with increased FR production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two dialysis membranes on lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant protective factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors followed nine patients treated in a regular dialysis programme. In a cross controlled study the patients underwent haemodialysis with the use of cellulose diacetate (CDA) and polysulfone (PS) dialysis apparatus. Malondialdehyde in plasma was determined as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The haemodialysis with CDA or PS did not result in increased malondialdehyde levels in min. 30 or at the end of the procedure. The antioxidant capacity of plasma decreased after haemodialysis in a similar way with both types of membranes (PS, 1.67 +/- 0.10 mumol/l versus 1.47 +/- 0.23, P < 0.05; CDA: 1.72 +/- 0.10 versus 1.55 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05). The selenium blood level did not change. Activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in blood before the dialysis was higher in the observation with subsequent use of CDA than while using PS (38.6 +/- 9.4 versus 34.5 +/- 6.6, P < 0.05). In the cohort with polysulfone membrane GSHPx further decreased in min. 30 of haemodialysis (34.0 +/- 6.6 IU/g Hb versus 31.1 +/- 5.0, P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also higher in dialysis with CDA membrane that while using PS (846 +/- 171 IU/g Hb versus 522 +/- 141, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The activity of antioxidant enzymes GSHPx and SOD was lower with polysulfone membrane than with the cellulose acetate membrane. GSHPx activity also further decreased from min. 30 of dialysis with the PS membrane. It may be due to increased production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide during haemodialysis with the PS. Lipid peroxidation has not been proved to increase during haemodialysis with the CDA or PS membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Does plasmapheresis affect the production of free radicals and the antioxidant system?].

BACKGROUND: Free radicals cause lipid peroxidation, damage cell membranes and DNA. At present attention is paid to the relationship between extracorporeal methods of blood clearance, free radicals and the antioxidant system. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of membrane plasmapheresis (PF) on the antioxidant defence of the organism and whether it has an impact on lipid peroxidation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with inflammatory polyneuropathy (n = 7), pemphigus (n = 1) and pulmonary fibrosis (n = 1) were subjected to 3 PF each (apparatus Fresenius 2008 PF, filter Plasmaflux P2S). The following were assessed: superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in red blood cells, the antioxidant capacity (AOK) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx and selenium (Se) in blood, AOK, MDA and Se in the filtrate. The values were compared with those of 43 healthy volunteers using the t-test, changes of parameters during PF, using Wilcoxon's paired test. The baseline SOD, GSHPx, AOK and MDA values of patients did not differ from those of controls. SOD did not change in the course of PF. GSHPx declined during the 30th minute of PF and after PF (44.3 +/- 16.9 U/g, haemoglobin before vs. 37.5 +/- 12.2 during the 30th minute, p < 0.01, 36.7 +/- 14.6 after PF, p < 0.01). AOK rose during the 30th minute (p < 0.01) and after PF (p < 0.01). MDA after PF declined (p < 0.05). The baseline Se was higher than in controls (132.9 +/- 43.2 micrograms/l vs. 90.5 +/- 17.3, p < 0.01), after PF Se declined (100.1 +/- 28.3, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The authors did not provide evidence of increased lipid peroxidation during PF. During PF the GSHPx activity declines, most probably due to Se losses. The decline of GSHPx involves the risk of deterioration of hydrogen peroxide elimination and of increased free radical formation.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of acetate-free biofiltration on anemia and use of erythropoietin].

BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure is associated with anaemia and a large percentage of patients is indicated for erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment. The degree of anaemia depends also on the quality of substitution of renal function. The objective of the present study was to assess whether transfer of patients from haemodialysis (HD) to acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) will influence the anaemia and rHuEPO consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS: Anaemia and rHuEPO consumption were investigated in 10 patients in a stabilized condition with regular dialyzation treatment. The patients suffered from corrected anaemia on a maintenance dose of rHuEPO. During AFB (follow-up period one year) the rHuEPO consumption declined as compared with the condition during HD, while the target haemoglobin level (95-110 g/l) was maintained. The easier control of anaemia during AFB was not due to a change of iron saturation, the aluminium level or a change of the residual blood volume in the dialyzer. During AFB metabolic acidosis was controlled more effectively, the elimination of urea and beta-2-microglobulin increased. CONCLUSIONS: During AFB, as compared with HD, the rHuEPO consumption declines sufficiently to correct anaemia. The authors conclude that one of the reasons may be the more effective control of metabolic acidosis and elimination of uraemic toxins with a low or medium molecular weight. The authors discuss also other factors which affect anaemia during treatment of renal failure by extracorporcal clearing methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Acetate-free biofiltration: a possible method of renal replacement therapy].

BACKGROUND: Acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) is a haemodiafiltration method which is used nowadays in the treatment of chronic renal failure. In AFB a dialyzation solution without a buffer is used, in the haemofilter some 2 1/hour are filtred. Simultaneously a sodium bicarbonate infusion in a postdilution mode is administered. The AFB investigation was conceived with the aim to introduce the method into clinical practice and to record the effect of AFB on the patient. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the apparatus Monitral SC 30 of Hospal Co. the author made 120 AFB in 23 patients on long-term bicarbonate haemodialysis. In the investigation capillary haemofilters with an AN 69 membrane (Filtral 10 and 12) were used. The blood flow rate was 260 +/- 23 ml/min, the infusion rate of the substitution solution (NaHCO3 with a concentration of 167 mmol/l) was 1.7 +/- 0.1 l/h, the AFB period of 3.64 +/- 0.25 h. Before and after AFB values of the acid-base balance were investigated as well as the ion concentration, nitrogen catabolites, beta-2-microglobulin and cardiovascular stability of the patients. Optimal adjustment of metabolic acidosis was proved, the pH value before vs. after AFB was 7.359 +/- 0.053 vs. 7.444 +/- 0.048, p < 0.001, standard HCO3 20.2 +/- 2.6 vs. 26.0 +/- 2.1 l mmol/l, p < 0.001, adjustment of the ion balance, nitrogen catabolites were effectively eliminated, the Kt/V value was 1.03 +/- 0.22, beta-2-microglobulin declined after AFB from 36.3 +/- 10.0 to 23.8 +/- 8.2 mg/l, p < 0.001. Cardiovascular stability of patients in the course of AFB was very good, symptomatic hypotension was recorded in one patient (0.83%). CONCLUSIONS: AFB is considered by the authors, based on the results of their study and according to data in the literature, an effective and perspective form of substitution of renal function. AFB is particularly suitable for patients with circulatory instability and for those with a limited perspective of renal transplantation who are thus threatened by complications of long-term dialyzation treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in bicarbonate hemodialysis and acetate-free biofiltration].

Acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) is a modern haemodiafiltration method used at present as a variant in treatment of chronic renal failure. In AFB and standard bicarbonate haemodialysis (BHD), performed under equal conditions in 20 patients with chronic renal failure the authors investigated the degree of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defence system. As a marker of lipid peroxidation they used malondialdehyde (MDA); as to antioxidant factors they investigated the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHP) in red blood cells and the selenium (Se) concentration in blood. The MDA values were elevated in both dialyzation methods, as compared with 30 healthy controls (p < 0.001). The SOD value before AFB did not differ from controls, before BHD it was higher than in controls (p < 0.01). In the course of AFB or BHD the SOD values did not change. The GSHPx activity at the end of AFB rose significantly as compared with the initial value (p < 0.05) and the value during the 30th minute of AFB (p < 0.02). In BHD the GSHPx activity was lower than in controls and did not change during the procedure (p < 0.01). The selenium blood levels were before both AFB and comparative BHD lower than in controls (p < 0.001). The authors found a positive correlation between the GSHPx activity and the Se level. The rise of GSHPx activity at the end of AFB may imply improved antioxidant defence during AFB and contribute to reduced tissue damage by free radicals.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the nutritional status during treatment of anemia using erythropoietin in patients on regular dialysis therapy].

Treatment of anaemia with human recombinant erythropoietin (r-Hu EPO) substantially improves the quality of life of patients receiving regular dialysis treatment. The positive effect on the nutritional state of patients during r-Hu EPO treatment is not accepted unequivocally so far. The authors followed-up 9 patients (6 men and 3 women) who had regular dialysis treatment, and suffered from severe anaemia. The patients were treated for 12 months with r-Hu EPO (preparation Eprex Cilagd Co.) with an initial dose of 30 mu/kg 3x per week by s.c. route with a target haemoglobin (Hb) value of 90-100 g/l. Before treatment during the 6th and 12th month of treatment the basic nutritional parameters of the patients were followed up. In the course of the investigation the Hb level (x +/- SD) increased from 61 +/- 12 g/l to 98 +/- 8 g/l, p < 0.01. On comparison of the nutritional parameters before treatment and after 12 months of treatment with r-Hu EPO the authors recorded rising trends in the patients' body weight (kg) from 67.4 +/- 12.2 to 68.4 +/- 11.2 (n.s.), an increase of the skinfold thickness above the triceps brachii muscle (mm) from 8.6 +/- 5.8 to 9.8 +/- 4.3 (n.s.), a decline of skin reactivity to diphtheric antigen (mm) from 2.1 +/- 2.8 to 1.8 +/- 0.8 (n.s.), a rising trend of reactivity to Candida antigen (mm) from 2.9 +/- 2.2 to 3.9 +/- 2.4 (n.s.), to diphtheric antigen from 3.0 +/- 3.3 to 5.1 +/- 3.8 (n.s.), a rise of the transferrin level (g/l) from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 1.3 (n.s.), a rise of serum urea (mmol/l) from 25.7 +/- 3.6 to 32.5 +/- 9.5 (n.s.), a rise of Mullen's nutritional index from 21.8 +/- 15.5 to 22.3 +/- 24.7 (n.s.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Does therapeutic membrane plasmapheresis increase protein synthesis?].

The objective of the investigation was to assess whether therapeutic membrane plasmapheresis accelerates protein synthesis. To this end pseudouridine (PSI), a modified nucleoside was investigated which provides information on the tRNA turnover and thus indirectly also on protein synthesis. The authors made 10 plasmapheresis on a A 2008 PF monitor with Plasmaflux P2 filters which they use to exchange 1 plasma volume of the patients. Laboratory indicators were investigated one day before plasmapheresis, on the day of plasmapheresis and during its course, and on the 1st, 2nd and possibly 3rd day after plasmapheresis. They revealed that the clearance of the plasma filter for PSI (0.41 +/- 0.04 ml/s, arithmetical mean +/- SEM) did not differ significantly from the filtration rate (0.49 +/- 0.01 ml/s, p = 0.15). As compared with the initial examination (0.49 +/- 0.06 ml/s) on the first day after plasmapheresis as a result of reduced glomerular filtration rate the renal clearance of PSI was reduced (0.33 +/- 0.05, p less than 0.01). PSI serum concentrations were therefore expressed as the serum PSI/serum creatinine ratio. This ratio was, as compared with the initial examination (80.4 +/- 4.8 nmol/mumol), raised midway during the procedure (100.8 +/- 8.6, p much less than 0.05) and after its termination (132.3 +/- 6.1, p much less than 0.01). The increase was not due to disintegration of cells or dietary factors. The rise of the serum PSI/serum creatinine ratio was due to a more rapid tRNA turnover and thus provided evidence that therapeutic membrane plasmapheresis accelerates protein synthesis.

Humans↗