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Biomedical subjects

J Eliot

Publications and source records attributed to J Eliot.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Individuation and adult children of alcoholics.

42 adult male and 99 female volunteers from the Washington and Baltimore areas were administered the Psychological Separation Inventory, the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire, the Adult Child of Alcoholics Screening Test, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and the Symptom-Checklist-90--R in a study of variables associated with the development of psychopathology of adult children of alcoholics. Individuation evolving from family dynamics rather than from intrapsychic individuation was more crucial to the development of psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Further study of the X-linked recessive gene hypothesis for inheritance of spatial abilities.

Two measures of spatial ability were administered to 319 undergraduates, 93 parents, and 62 siblings. Although males outperformed females on both tests, the resulting correlational pattern did not conform to the trait pattern hypothesized on the basis of an X-linked recessive trait. Results from a pedigree analysis, however, were in the expected direction. The inclusion of pedigree analyses is urged in future research.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of external and internal individuals' ability to perceive viewpoints of others.

College undergraduates scoring as internal (6 male and 42 female) and external (14 male and 41 female) on locus of control on Rotter's I-E scale were administered a modified version of Laurendeau and Pinard's Coordination of Perspectives Test. Internals were superior to externals in ability to perceive the viewpoints of others in regard to object arrangements.

Cognition↗
PubMed1976

Factors affecting accuracy of perception on a task requiring the ability to identify viewpoints.

A study was undertaken to determine the relative contribution of age, sex, and three stimulus features (board shape, block arrangement, and block shape) to perceptual accuracy on 39 board/block adaptations of Piaget's three-mountain task. The sample consisted of 830 children (420 1st graders and 410 5th graders) and 130 college students. Stimulus features of the board/block task accounted for between 22% and 26% of the explained variability among accuracy scores; however, interactions of other factors with age were nonsignificant. When data from college students were combined with children, a curvilinear developmental relationship between age and perceptual accuracy was obtained. The board/block task has promise as an instrument for longitudinal studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Egocentric error and the construct of egocentrism.

It was hypothesized that perception errors on a task requiring Ss to take different viewpoints could be explained in terms of response bias. Four hundred ten first graders, 421 fifth graders, and 260 undergradutaes' error patterns on 39 board/block adaptations of Piaget's three-mountain task were examined with respect to their front, opposite, and reversed choices of camera position. Front choices or egocentric errors were found, overall, to be independent of grade level. Results from this analysis were consistent with the response bias hypothesis: clearly, making an egocentric error is different from behaving in an egocentric manner.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical wound infection rates in dogs and cats. Data from a teaching hospital.

Two thousand sixty-three surgical procedures were performed on 1992 patients (1715 dogs and 277 cats). In a retrospective analysis, the procedures were categorized according to the expected degree of wound contamination, and corresponding wound infection rates were determined. The number of procedures in each category and the percent that became infected were as follows: clean (1100, 2.5%), clean-contaminated (554, 4.5%), contaminated (172, 5.8%), and dirty (237, 18.1%). The administration of antibiotics significantly reduced the frequency of wound infection in clean surgical procedures performed by senior veterinary students (p less than 0.05), but not in clean elective procedures performed by faculty or resident surgeons that required 90 minutes or less to complete. There was a significant correlation between elevation of rectal temperature postoperatively and increased duration of the surgical procedure. However, the rectal temperature measured the day after surgery was not an accurate predictor of wound infection.

Animals↗