PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Elo

Publications and source records attributed to J Elo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Properties of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in boys.

Fifty-five isolates of Escherichia coli from urine of boys younger than three years of age with urinary tract infection (UTI) were compared with strains from girls of the same age range who had UTI. The frequency of P fimbriae, hemolysin, and type 1C fimbriae, previously described as associated with pyelonephritis (PN) in girls, was also high (76%, 60%, and 31%, respectively) in UTI-associated strains from boys. However, in contrast to isolates from girls, strains from lower UTI in boys did not differ from PN-associated strains regarding these three characteristics. In contrast, aerobactin production was significantly associated with PN compared with lower UTI in both sexes. Serotypes O4 and O6 were overrepresented among all UTI-associated strains from boys and PN-associated strains from girls. This overrepresentation was largely accounted for by three clones, one of which was a new clone identified among the UTI-associated strains from boys.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Association of P and other fimbriae with clinical pyelonephritis in children.

196 episodes of urinary tract infection in children were analysed. 74 were classified as pyelonephritic (PN), 61 as cystitis (C), and 61 as asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) on the basis of three clinical signs (elevated temperature, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and/or white blood cell count). The frequency of P-fimbriae was found high in PN (77%), and significantly lower in C (23%), ABU (20%) and among fecal strains (16%). The common, type 1 fimbriae were also more frequent in PN (92%) than in the other groups (84-76%), whereas other, so-called X-fimbriae, were relatively rare in all the patient groups (15-6%). P-fimbriation was not significantly associated with the presence or absence of reflux or obstructive anomalies. By contrast, the frequency of P-fimbriation increased with increasing severity of the clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis (95% in episodes of elevated temperature, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count).

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1984

P-fimbriated clones among uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

A total of 237 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with various forms of urinary tract infection or from feces of healthy children were analyzed for O group, possession of K1 capsule, type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, X adhesin, and production of hemolysin. Some of the strains were also analyzed for K and H antigens, outer membrane protein pattern, and plasmid content. P fimbriation, hemolysin production, and certain O groups were found to be significantly correlated with pyelonephritogenicity. Possession of type 1 fimbriae or of K1 capsule or plasmid content did not significantly correlate with virulence. Outer membrane protein patterns in 139 strains of the more common O groups were analyzed. Only one to three patterns, which varied between serotypes, were usually found within any one O group. Distinctive groups (clones) were found when the strains were grouped according to complete serotype, fimbriation, hemolysin production, and outer membrane protein pattern; also, the mean number of plasmids was typical of the strains in a given clone. Seven clones associated with pyelonephritis were found; together they accounted for 57% of the O serotypable strains from the pyelonephritis patients. The seven clones were P fimbriated but differed in their serotypes as follows: O1:K1:H7, O4:K12:H1, O4:K12:H5, O6:K2:H1, O16:K1:H6, or O18ac:K5:H7. All O1:K1:H7 strains observed fell into two clones according to the presence or absence of type 1 fimbriae and hemolysin production. One clone associated with cystitis was also found; this consisted of O6:K13:H1 strains lacking P fimbriae. Not a single representative of these eight clones was found among the fecal strains from the healthy children. They are proposed to represent virulent clones with special ability to cause human urinary tract infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Character of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritic renal scarring after antireflux surgery.

We followed 40 girls who had undergone antireflux surgery (the Politano-Leadbetter technique) at the mean age of 5.2 years until they reached a mean age of 9.5 years. Each girl was matched with a control. The pairs were matched for age at the onset of urinary tract infections and time of operation or selection, number as well as grade (1 to 3) of severity of the preoperative episodes and grade (II to IV) of reflux. Followup time for each member of the pair was identical. Postoperatively, the incidence of pyelonephritic urinary tract infection episodes (grade 3) was significantly less (p less than 0.01) among the operated than the nonoperated cases (9 versus 29), while the number of symptomatic lower urinary tract infections (grade 2) was virtually the same (14 versus 19) in both groups. The operated cases had more asymptomatic bacteriuria (26 versus 12 episodes) so that the total numbers of episodes of bacteriuria (grades 1 through 3) were similar in both groups. Antireflux surgery did not prevent the progression of pyelonephritic renal scarring, which continued equally in operated and nonoperated cases.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The role of pili in the adhesion of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells.

Pili or fimbriae were purified by a new technique involving solubilization from the bacterial outer membrane by deoxycholate and separation from flagella by 6M urea. This technique was employed to clarify the role of pili for the adherence of urinary tract pathogenic E. coli; a virulence factor in urinary tract infection. The isolated pili formed single bands in SDS gels and were pure by serologic criteria. They retained the binding properties of the whole piliated bacteria, since they bound to uroepithelial cells and agglutinated erythrocytes. Antibodies to purified pili blocked adhesion. The adhesion and hemagglutination reactions by the strains used for pilus purification were mannose-resistant but globotetraos-sensitive, i.e. the strains recognized globoseries glycolipid receptors in the target cells. The occurrence of this property in a freshly collected material of strains was tested using erythrocytes of blood groups P1, P2k and p.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1982

Effect of beta 2-adrenergic stimulation on serum lipids.

The effect of a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, on serum lipids was studied over a 3-month period. Thirteen patients with bronchial asthma were treated with 2 mg salbutamol three times daily (one patient with 4 mg three times daily). The concentrations of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were slightly but not statistically significantly higher after 3 months with salbutamol than before the medication. The serum HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations remained constant during the therapy. Serum free fatty acid levels decreased slightly but not significantly during the therapy. Treatment with salbutamol did not elevate plasma free fatty acid levels, which may have arrhythmic effects. The results indicate that beta 2-adrenergic stimulation has no effect on basal serum lipid levels.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1982

[Age distribution of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their severity grade in children (author's transl)].

Urinary tract infections in 339 children (77 boys and 262 girls) have been followed up. An excretory urography and a urethrocystography were done for all the children. The frequency of functional and anatomical abnormalities is given. The severity grade of UTI was determined according to the classification of Elo and Stenström. Almost all episodes of UTI among boys occurred during the first three years of life and were mostly severe. After the 3rd year of life the occurrence of UTI among the boys was sporadic. Among the girls the severe episodes dominates during the first three years of life, but after that the episodes tended to become milder in character becoming mostly asymptomatic. The peak of asymptomatic episodes among girls was at 10 years of age. After that age the number of episodes dropped abruptly. The classification used, based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and on white blood cell count (WBC), has shown to be useful and makes it possible to differentiate between renal (pyelonephritic) episodes and the lower tract episodes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Tobramycin-clindamycin versus cephalothin-cephalexin in the treatment of appendicular peritonitis.

Forty-seven children, ages 1 to 14 years, with appendicular peritonitis were randomly divided into two groups: 27 were treated with the combination tobramycin-clindamycin and 20 with cephalothin followed by cephalexin. The overall rate of complications was 32%. Patients who had had their symptoms for less than 48 hours before being admitted to hospital had significantly fewer complications than those whose symptoms had lasted longer. Patients treated with tobramycin-clindamycin had significantly fewer wound infections. As clindamycin is effective against anaerobes this observation supports the view that anaerobes play an important role in the infectious complications in peritonitis. In this series, 12 species of aerobes and eight species of anaerobes were cultured from peritoneal fluid. In eight patients only one species was isolated; in the remaining 39 patients 29 different combinations of bacteria were encountered. Early diagnosis and administration of antibiotics preoperatively or during surgery, including clindamycin, metronidazol or tinidazol is recommended in the treatment of children with appendicular peritonitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The role of vesicoureteral reflux in paediatric urinary-tract infection.

Observations are reported from a series of 284 children, 68 boys and 216 girls, who had had one or more episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) and had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of grade II, III or VI. In 6 of the boys and 43 of the girls the Politano-Leadbetter operation for correction of VUR was performed. Only in grade III or IV VUR was the cure rate--considered solely as cessation of reflux--significantly higher in surgically than in non-surgically treated children. Irrespective of sex or mode of treatment, the number of episodes of UTI tended to diminish as the children grew older. For more precise comparisons, two individually matched groups of 40 girls were studied. One girl in each pair was operated on. Within these matched pairs, the frequency of UTI episodes according to age did not differ appreciably. Nor did the number of UTI episodes before and after the time of operation differ significantly when analysis was made according to grade of reflux. Thus, although disappearance of surgically treated grades III and IV VUR was more rapid and more frequent than spontaneous cessation of reflux, the observations in the matched pair series indicated that antireflux surgery does not affect the incidence of UTI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Experience with labetalol in essential hypertension.

A study was carried out in 73 patients with mild or moderate hypertension to assess the effectiveness of treatment with labetalol. After a 2 to 4-week period on placebo, patients received 200 mg labetalol daily for 4 weeks, after which time dosage was doubled if the blood pressure was not satisfactorily controlled. Treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks and was followed by another period on placebo. Pre-treatment levels of 157/99 mmHg were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks the mean reduction was 14/8 mmHg. Half the patients had their dosage increased to 400 mg daily. At the end of the 8-week active treatment period, 80% were adequately controlled, the mean reduction in blood pressure being 22/12 mmHg compared with placebo values. Heart rate was significantly reduced from 78 to 69 beats per min during labetalol therapy. The reduction in blood pressure was similar whether or not patients had been previously treated or untreated, but heart rate was reduced more in the previously treated group. Four weeks after the end of labetalol therapy blood pressure and heart rate had increased but were less than during the initial placebo period and did not give rise to any severe problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Seasonal variations in the occurrence of urinary tract infections among children in an urban area in Finland.

The seasonal variations in the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) were studied in a series of 992 verified episodes of UTI treated between 1965 and 1974. The incidence was highest during November and lowest during the summer months. Summer episodes, moreover, tended to be the most severe. Seasonal variations were less marked among girls, than amond boys, except in the group of teenage girls in which peak incidences occurred in March and in September. Among the boys, a single peak incidence was recorded in July. The results of the analysis of weather type performed in this study showed that unseasonable types of weather, that is, cold and dry weather in autumn, warm and rainy weather in winter, and warm and dry weather in spring, were accompanied by a clear increase in the monthly number of episodes of UTIs. The difference in the monthly frequency of UTIs between the most and the least favourable types of weather was about two-fold.

Adolescent↗