PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Engeset

Publications and source records attributed to J Engeset.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Human adult hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. Maintenance of mixed function oxidase and conjugation pathways of drug metabolism.

The stabilities of several drug oxidation and conjugation pathways in human adult hepatocytes have been investigated during 72 hr culture. Cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase was measured by the O-dealkylations of ethoxyresorufin (EROD), pentoxyresorufin (PROD) and benzyloxyresorufin (BROD), which are probes for different isozymes of cytochrome P-450 in the rat. EROD declined to 64% of initial fresh cell values after 72 hr in culture, whereas PROD increased to 162% and BROD remained relatively constant. Addition of phenobarbitone to the culture medium selectively increased PROD to a greater extent than EROD and did not affect BROD. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase were markedly labile during culture, declining to 32% and 22% of fresh cell values respectively. Epoxide hydrolase (EH) showed a large transient increase (2-5-fold) in enzyme activity 24 hr after culture, declining to fresh cell values by 48 hr. UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT) activity towards phenolphthalein and 1-naphthol also increased (2-3-fold) during the 72 hr of culture, the greater and more rapid increase being observed with phenolphthalein glucuronidation. Sulphotransferase activity declined rapidly within 24 hr of culture, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and GSH conjugation were maintained at fresh cell values for 72 hr.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Polydioxanone or polypropylene for closure of midline abdominal incisions: a prospective comparative clinical trial.

Seven hundred and fifty-seven consecutive patients undergoing a midline abdominal incision were stratified according to age, sex, type of operation and degree of operative contamination and were randomly allocated to mass closure of the abdominal wall with continuous 4 metric polydioxanone (PDX; 374 patients) or continuous 4 metric polypropylene (PPL; 383 patients). Wound infection was less common with PDX (PDX 3.5 per cent; PPL 7.0 per cent; P less than 0.05) and there was one dehiscence in each group. The incidence of defective wounds in patients surviving 1 year was similar (7.7 per cent PDX; 9.7 per cent PPL) but the PPL suture had to be removed because of persisting wound pain or sinus formation in five patients. PDX is the preferred suture material for closure of midline abdominal incisions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Prolonged survival of rat renal allografts after multiple allogeneic pregnancies: strain specificity and role of erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibiting antibodies.

The influence of allogeneic pregnancies on the survival of subsequent rat renal allografts was investigated in three rat strain combinations. Multiple but not single pregnancies produced significantly more long-term surviving kidney grafts than were found in virgin animals; the effect was specific for paternal antigens, as multiple pregnancies by an unrelated strain did not prolong kidney graft survival. In the multiparous groups, those animals with long-surviving grafts had significantly higher levels of non-cytotoxic antibodies against paternal strain B-lymphocytes (detected by the erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibition assay) than did animals which rejected their grafts. The results show that multiple pregnancies may produce a state of specific unresponsiveness to paternal antigens, similar to enhancement, which is marked by the presence of non-cytotoxic antibodies against paternal B-lymphocytes. It is suggested, therefore, that enhancement may be one of the protective mechanisms which prevent rejection of the fetus during pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute renal failure: the tip of the iceberg?

This study reports the experience, during a six-year period, of the Aberdeen Renal Unit in the treatment of patients with acute renal failure. The combination of a relatively stable population base and a single regional dialysis centre has allowed the incidence of acute renal failure to be assessed. Approximately 30 patients per million population were dialysed annually for acute renal failure; 69 per cent of these patients (20.5 per million population per year) were dialysed for acute reversible intrinsic renal failure (ARIRF) and mortality in this group was 44 per cent. Patients with more severe disease at the time of presentation to the renal unit, as defined by a clinical severity score, had significantly reduced survival rates. However, it was not possible to predict the outcome in individual cases; ten of 24 patients with clinical severity scores which indicated a poor prognosis survived the period of oliguria and were discharged from hospital. The fact that other renal units dialyse fewer patients per million population per year for ARIRF probably reflects a reluctance to refer patients whose general condition appears poor. As the overall mortality rate reported in this study does not differ significantly from rates reported previously from centres treating a smaller proportion of patients, such decisions may not be correct. It is well known that facilities in Britain for treating patients with end-stage renal disease are inadequate; it now appears likely that some patients who might benefit from acute dialysis are being denied treatment for a potentially reversible disease process.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hernial complications.

This article reviews the incidence of abdominal wall hernias in patients treated by ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The authors draw attention to the need for a heightened awareness of this common complication, the atypical clinical presentation in some cases, and the need for prompt surgical intervention.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

The effect of the dosage of steroids on the incidence of cytomegalovirus infections in renal transplant recipients.

In a retrospective survey of 92 cadaver renal transplant recipients, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were detected in 23 of 34 (68 per cent) patients treated with high doses of steroids but in only 27 of 58 (47 per cent) patients given low doses. Pretransplant blood transfusions were associated with both an improvement in one-year allograft survival-rates (P less than 0.05) and an increase in the incidence of CMV infections. When standardised for any transfusion effect, the incidence of CMV infections was significantly higher in those patients given high doses of steroids (P less than 0.05). In the same group of patients, moreover, CMV infections were associated with a statistically significant increase in the renal allograft survival-rate (P = 0.03).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Whole blood and red cell ATP content in patients with peripheral vascular disease: the effect of cigarette smoking and oxpentifylline.

The relationship between erythrocyte ATP content and the presence of atherosclerotic peripheral occlusive vascular disease was investigated. In 20 elderly patients with severe peripheral vascular insufficiency (10 male, 10 female; age 68.8 +/- 12.5 years; Mean +/- SD) the mean erythrocyte ATP content was 1.57 +/- 0.16 mmol/litre. In a sex and age matched group (69.1 +/- 9.6 years) with no signs or symptoms of peripheral or myocardial ischaemia, erythrocyte ATP content did not differ significantly (1.49 +/- 0.29 mmol/litre). In young healthy volunteers, there was no difference in erythrocyte ATP content between males and females or between cigarette smokers and non-smokers, nor were the values for the young group different from those obtained from the elderly patients. The effect of oxpentifylline administration on erythrocyte ATP levels in patients with peripheral vascular disease was also studied. Administration of oxpentifylline (1.6 g per day in divided doses) over 7 days had no effect on erythrocyte ATP content in 10 patients (5 male, 5 female) with ischaemic lower limbs. These results suggest that measurement of erythrocyte ATP content is unlikely to be a useful index in the assessment of peripheral vascular disease.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Early diagnosis of rejection. Correlation of enzymuria and histological findings after renal transplantation in the rat.

One hundred renal transplants were performed between different rat strain combinations. Posttransplant renal function was monitored using serum creatinine levels, creatinine clearance rates, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzymuria. These biochemical measurements were compared with the morphological appearances of the transplanted kidney. Rises in NAG enzymuria proved to be useful diagnostic indicators of graft rejection with a false positive rate of only 6%. In 78% of the rejection episodes, the urinary NAG level rose 2 days before any elevation in serum creatinine concentration. There was a close correlation among increasing NAG enzymuria, decreasing renal function, and the structural events of rejection--indicating that the routine measurement of tubular enzymuria would be of value in the prediction and diagnosis of renal allograft rejection.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

Lipid relation ships in dialysis and renal transplant patients.

The relationship of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) to other lipid fractions and the factos influencing post-transplant hyperlipidaemia have been explored in 28 chronic haemodialysis patients and 20 stable renal allograft recipients. In both groups of patients mean triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL-CHOL) were elevated, but total CHOL and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL) were elevated only in transplanted patients. HDL-CHOL was uniformly low in dialysis patients irrespective of TG, whereas after transplantation mean HDL-CHOL was normal and varied inversely with TG and VLDL-CHOL. Serum creatinine correlated with TG and VLDL-CHOL in transplant patients, and was inversely related to HDL-CHOL. No factors correlated with CHOL or LDL-CHOL in transplant patients, but these lipids were only moderately elevated. Hyperlipidaemia in dialysis and transplant patients is not invariable; its importance for atherogenesis remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Patterns of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion after renal transplantation.

N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity (NAG) was assayed in 750 early morning urine samples from 25 renal transplant patients during the post operative period. Eighty four per cent of all acute rejection episodes were preceded or accompanied by a greater than two-fold rise in NAG activity; similar increases were caused by dialysis, gentamicin therapy and ureteric dehiscence. Only 9% of all significant increases in NAG excretion could not be accounted for by any of these four processes. Analysis of the day-to-day pattern of NAG activity as opposed to individual NAG values provided a clue to the occurrence of rejection during immediate post-transplantation oliguria.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1980

Integrated dialysis and renal transplantation: small is beautiful.

Many patients in Britain with chronic renal failure suitable for renal replacement treatment die because not enough treatment facilities are available. Moreover, the number of renal transplants performed is insufficient to meet even present needs, so the number of patients on dialysis is rising. The integrated dialysis and transplant unit in Aberdeen, which has a population base much smaller than the average British unit, meets community needs for dialysis and transplantation. The problem of harvesting cadaver kidneys has been solved; the present supply has not only enabled the number of patients on dialysis to remain stable but has resulted in a net export of kidneys. The Aberdeen unit shows how estimated needs for chronic dialysis and renal transplantation may be met.

Graft Survival↗