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Biomedical subjects

J Erckenbrecht

Publications and source records attributed to J Erckenbrecht.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental colitis via toll-like receptor 2- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that trigger antimicrobial host defense responses. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle strain 1917 in experimental colitis induced in TLR-2 and TLR-4 knockout mice. Colitis was induced in wild-type (wt), TLR-2 knockout, and TLR-4 knockout mice via administration of 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Mice were treated with either 0.9% NaCl or 10(7) E. coli Nissle 1917 twice daily, followed by the determination of disease activity, mucosal damage, and cytokine secretion. wt and TLR-2 knockout mice exposed to DSS developed acute colitis, whereas TLR-4 knockout mice developed significantly less inflammation. In wt mice, but not TLR-2 or TLR-4 knockout mice, E. coli Nissle 1917 ameliorated colitis and decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In TLR-2 knockout mice a selective reduction of gamma interferon secretion was observed after E. coli Nissle 1917 treatment. In TLR-4 knockout mice, cytokine secretion was almost undetectable and not modulated by E. coli Nissle 1917, indicating that TLR-4 knockout mice do not develop colitis similar to the wt mice. Coculture of E. coli Nissle 1917 and human T cells increased TLR-2 and TLR-4 protein expression in T cells and increased NF-kappaB activity via TLR-2 and TLR-4. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that E. coli Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental induced colitis in mice via TLR-2- and TLR-4-dependent pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by pentamidine inhalation].

167 HIV-positive patients (155 men, 12 women; mean age 31 [18-61] years) with CD4 lymphocyte counts below 250/microliter every 4 weeks received 300 mg pentamidine per aerosol inhalation during out-patient visits, as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii. 89 patients were clinically in the AIDS stage and 33 in the AIDS-related complex (ARC) stage. 29 patients had a lymphadenopathy syndrome, while 16 were asymptomatic. 130 patients received primary prophylaxis, while 37 who had previously had an attack of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were given pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis. During a mean observation period of 8 months three patients developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1.7%): their CD4 lymphocyte count was under 20/microliters. Pentamidine inhalation reduced the incidence of a first attack of pneumonia to 0.18% per month and recurrence to 0.32% per month. These figures confirm the great effectiveness of primary and secondary prophylaxis with pentamidine inhalation.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in the clinical symptomatology of initial manifestations of aids].

We analysed the clinical spectrum of AIDS manifestations of HIV positive patients treated between 1985 and 1988 at the University Hospital of Düsseldorf, West-Germany. In 1985 32 patients with HIV infection (16 asymptomatic, eleven PGL/ARC, five AIDS), 1986 49 patients (17 asymptomatic, 19 PGL/ARC, 13 AIDS), 1987 104 patients (13 asymptomatic, 54 PGL/ARC, 37 AIDS) and 1988 206 patients (23 asymptomatic, 111 PGL/ARC, 72 AIDS) were treated on a in- and out-patient basis. In 1985 five, in 1986 13, in 1987 36 and in 1988 48 patients developed AIDS. Kaposi-sarcoma was seen in 1985 in 40%, in 1986 in 31%, in 1987 in 12% and in 1988 in 9% of these cases. At the same time the rate of patients with opportunistic infections as the primary manifestation of AIDS grew from 60% (1985), 69% (1986), 88% (1987) to 91% (1988). Concomitantly the rate of homosexual patients dropped from 90% (1985), 82% (1986), 60% (1987) to 62% (1988). The rate of i.v. drug abuser rose from 10% (1985) to 24% (1988). In 1985 10% of HIV patients were female. This rate rose up to 18% in 1988. 1987 and 1988 the main opportunistic infections as the primary manifestation of AIDS were pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasma encephalitis and candida esophagitis. In summary there is an alteration in the HIV positive population in the last years and concomitantly the clinical spectrum of AIDS is changing.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

[Virus-associated hemorrhagic colitis in the differential diagnosis of peracute rectal bleeding].

Severe anal bleeding together with increasing abdominal discomfort occurred in an 81-year-old woman previously hospitalized numerous times because of decompensated type II B diabetes. A suspected rectal cancer was excluded by biopsy from the lower to middle rectum, but the biopsy revealed histologically indurated and bleeding ulcerations. Typical nuclear inclusion bodies provided the diagnosis of virus-associated proctocolitis. Serological tests supported the diagnosis of infection with herpes simplex and cytomegalic virus. Laser coagulation stopped the bleeding. At the same time a Guillain-Barré syndrome was noted which improved after administration of cortisone and high parenteral doses of acyclovir.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Familial dysphagia].

The etiology of achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm remains unknown. We report on two families (father/son, mother/son) with achalasia and esophageal spasm, respectively, who were examined by radiology, endoscopy and manometry. One patient (mother) died from aspiration pneumonia. These observations support the hypothesis of a genetic trait in some cases of esophageal motility disorders. In addition, the coincidence of familial achalasia and esophageal spasm is in support of a close relationship of both diseases. Achalasia is a potentially letal disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of intravenous infusion of amino acids, fat, or glucose on unstimulated pancreatic secretion in healthy humans.

The effects of intravenous infusion of amino acids, fat, or glucose on unstimulated pancreatic secretion were studied in 31 healthy male volunteers. Each subject was studied twice on two separate days. On both days pancreatic outputs were measured during a 4-hr basal period that was followed by a 4-hr test period. During the test period either one of the digestive end products (100 ml/hr 10% amino acids in 13 subjects; 100 ml/hr 10% fat in 8 subjects; 150 ml/hr 10% glucose in 10 subjects) or saline was intravenously infused. The infusion of the digestive end products or saline on the two separate days was done in a randomized order. Six of the 10 subjects that had already been studied for glucose received a higher glucose dose (100 ml 20% glucose as a bolus followed by 300 ml/hr 10% glucose) in a third additional experiment. Intravenous infusion of amino acids significantly stimulated pancreatic outputs of trypsin and chymotrypsin, but left the outputs of amylase, lipase, bicarbonate, and volume unaffected. The low-glucose dose, as well as the fat infusion did not alter any of the pancreatic outputs. To analyze the relationships between different enzymes during the infusion of digestive end products, regression lines were calculated from the scatter of all individual pairs of enzyme measurements. Significantly different regression functions found for each condition (NaCl control, amino acids, fat, glucose) when trypsin and chymotrypsin were plotted versus lipase and amylase: amino acids shifted the function to a trypsin- and chymotrypsin-dominant pattern of secretion, glucose to an amylase-dominant pattern, and fat to a lipase-dominant pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of verapamil on exocrine pancreatic secretion in man.

Calcium ions are thought to mediate hormonal and cholinergic stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion. In order to further eludicate the role of calcium ions in stimulus-secretion coupling of the pancreas, the effect of the calcium antagonist verapamil, which inhibits transmembrane calcium influx, was studied on pancreatic secretion in 35 healthy male volunteers. Every subject had two stimulation periods of 2 hr each with a 3-hr period between the two. Pancreatic secretion was stimulated by cholecystokinin in 12 subjects, by secretin in 14 subjects, and by sham feeding in 6 subjects. Three subjects were studied without any secretory stimulus. Verapamil as an intravenous bolus of 150 micrograms/kg followed by an intravenous infusion of 150 micrograms/kg/hr or saline were given during the two 2-hr stimulation periods in a randomized order. The pancreatic secretory responses to stimulation by cholecystokinin, secretin, or sham feeding, as well as the basal pancreatic secretion without a secretory stimulus were left unaffected by verapamil when compared to the saline control. The results, therefore, call into question the hypothesis that transmembrane calcium influx is a major mediator of pancreatic secretion in response to hormonal or cholinergic stimulation in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic possibilities in colonic motility disorders.

Colonic motility disorders can be treated by changing the diet, modifying the patient's daily behaviour, giving drugs to enhance or inhibit colonic contraction, or by performing surgery. Therapy in constipation mainly relies on the use of bulk-forming agents, in addition to a change in behaviour. Dietary fibre, particularly bran, appears to be effective in diverticular disease. Bowel atony is largely caused by increased sympathetic activity, and thus frequently responds to sympatholysis. In the irritable bowel syndrome, amelioration is achieved by taking bran and omitting badly tolerated food; antispasmodics and psychotherapy are also probably beneficial. Diarrhoea and incontinence may be treated by opioids, such as loperamide. Recent progress has been mainly in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders, but rapid therapeutic advances are now taking place.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1984

[Intravenous infusions of fat emulsions containing medium and long-chain triglycerides have no effect on basal and secretin stimulated pancreatic secretion in man].

The effect of an intravenous infusion of a 10% fat solution containing 50 g/l medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and 50 g/l long chain triglycerides (LCT) on exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 18 healthy volunteers. Each subject was studied twice on separate days. In period I 0.9% NaCl was given intravenously on both days. In the following period II either a 10% solution of MCT-fat or 0.9% NaCl were given intravenously in a randomized order at a rate of 100 ml/h. Periods I and II lasted 150 minutes each. Throughout the experiment pancreatic secretion was stimulated by saline, 0.1 U/kg/h secretin, or 0.25 U/kg/h secretin in 6 subjects each. In period II, MCT/LCT infusions did not influence pancreatic outputs of volume, bicarbonate and enzymes when compared to the NaCl infusion in the control experiment irrespective of the type of stimulation. Therefore, intravenous infusions of MCT may be used in clinical situations where the pancreas should be kept at full rest.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Preoperative diagnosis of intra-abdominal diseases. Reliability of sonography and computer tomography].

In a retrospective study the reliability of ultrasound and computed tomography was compared and evaluated using the subsequent intraoperative findings. The analysis comprised ultrasound and computed tomography data of 111 consecutive patients in whom both investigations were performed within one week and whose diagnoses could be ascertained intraoperatively within two weeks. The correct diagnosis was made preoperatively in 80 out of 111 patients by ultrasound (sensitivity 72%) and in 95 out of 111 patients by computed tomography (sensitivity 85%). The results show that computed tomography is superior to ultrasound in preoperative diagnosis of intraabdominal diseases (P less than 0.025). In particular, liver and adrenal tumours and diseases of the air-filled gastrointestinal tract can be diagnosed more reliably preoperatively by computed tomography than by ultrasound.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Extrahepatic bile ducts in healthy subjects, in patients with cholelithiasis, and in postcholecystectomy patients: a prospective ultrasonic study.

To determine the average diameter and the upper normal limit of the common bile duct in healthy man, 830 blood donors were examined by ultrasound. The mean diameter was 2.5 +/- 1.1 mm (SD) at the porta hepatis and 2.8 +/- 1.2 mm (SD) at the widest point, the regression coefficient between both diameters being r = 0.84. None of the healthy subjects had a diameter larger than 7 mm at any site, and in 95% of all subjects the diameters were less than 4 mm at both sites of measurement. The diameters were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.16) and weight (r = 0.11), but not with sex, height, and body surface area. In 73 patients with cholelithiasis and in 55 patients after cholecystectomy, all of whom lacked clinical or laboratory signs of biliary obstruction, the average diameters at the porta hepatis were 3.8 +/- 2.0 mm and 5.2 +/- 2.3 mm, and at the widest point 4.8 +/- 2.2 mm and 6.2 +/- 2.5 mm, respectively. It is concluded that a common bile duct with any sonographic diameter larger than 4 mm should be followed closely and evaluated further with clinical examinations such as intravenous cholangiography unless cholecystectomy has been performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of antacids on intestinal motility].

Disturbances of gut motility occur frequently under a highdose antacid regimen. Typical symptoms are diarrhea and constipation. They are due to the cations of the antacids. Aluminum causes constipation, magnesium induces diarrhea, and calcium has no definite motor effect. The following mechanisms of action have to be taken into consideration: effects of the cations on the smooth muscle of the gut, on the enteric nervous system and on the release of gastrointestinal hormones as well as alterations of the physiochemical properties of the intraluminal contents. Aluminum inhibits the motor activity of the stomach and intestine, magnesium stimulates muscle contractions; however, the simultaneous activation of the intrinsic nerves, which are predominantly inhibitory, by magnesium may conceal the muscular effects of this cation. The diarrhea under a highdose regimen of antacid combinations appears to be due predominantly to the osmotic-secretory effects of the antacids.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of high dose antacids on bowel motility.

The effect of two antacid preparations containing magnesium and aluminum (Riopan, Maaloxan) on stool frequency, stool consistency, stool weight and oro-anal transit time was tested in a randomized, controlled, double-blind study in 10 healthy volunteers. Both antacids increased stool weight and stool frequency, and lowered stool consistency. The oro-anal transit time was not affected. Antacid-induced diarrhea apparently depends more on changes of transmural fluid transport than on changes of intestinal motility. Thus, secretory and osmotic diarrhea can occur without accompanying changes in gastrointestinal motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of pirenzepine on esophageal motility.

The effect of pirenzepine on esophageal motility was studied in ten healthy volunteers by manometry. Pirenzepine reduces lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), amplitude, and duration of esophageal contractions, but it increases velocity of propagation of esophageal contractions. On the other hand, it is known that pirenzepine inhibits gastric acid secretion. Therefore, the reduction of contractile force in the esophagus caused by pirenzepine does not necessarily mean an increased risk of peptic gastroesophageal reflux.

Adult↗