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Biomedical subjects

J Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to J Eriksson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Cerivastatin gender effect: sub-analyses of results from a multinational, randomised, double-blind study. Cerivastatin Study Group.

We previously reported the results of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study comparing the efficacy and safety of cerivastatin 0.4 mg/day and cerivastatin 0.2 mg/day in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Exploratory analysis in this study suggested a gender difference in the 0.4 mg group: mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased by 44.4 +/- 8.9% in women, compared with a mean decrease of 37.0 +/- 0.9% in men (p < 0.046). This paper reports the results of further sub-analyses from this study. Overall in the per-protocol (PP) population, 71.5% (n = 73) of women taking cerivastatin 0.4 mg had an LDL-C decrease of > 40%, compared with 38.0% (n = 76) of men taking the same dose. In the cerivastatin 0.2 mg PP population, 34% (n = 17) of women had an LDL-C decrease of > 40%, compared with 19% (n = 18) of men. Mean LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased by 43% from baseline to the end of the study in the cerivastatin 0.4 mg PP group: -41.3% in males vs. -48.3% in females. In the cerivastatin 0.2 mg group, the decrease in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio from baseline to endpoint did not markedly differ between genders: -37.0% for males vs. -37.3% for females. Categorial analysis of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio found that 90% of PP patients taking cerivastatin 0.4 mg, and 84% of PP patients taking cerivastatin 0.2 mg, had a low CHD risk (defined as a LDL-C/HDL-C ratio < or = 3) after 8 weeks of treatment. The 6th and 95th percentiles of the distribution of LDL-C reduction from baseline revealed that 90% of PP patients taking cerivastatin 0.4 mg had an LDL-C reduction of between 22% and 56%. The mean LDL-C reduction for this 90% subset of patients was 40.1%. The same analysis for PP patients taking cerivastatin 0.2 mg found that 90% had an LDL-C reduction of between 13% and 49%. The mean LDL-C reduction in this 90% subset of patients was 31.5%. Of the patients taking cerivastatin 0.4 mg and valid for treatment according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, 71% (149/211) achieved NCEP targets for LDL-C at Week 16.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Type 2 diabetes: evidence for linkage on chromosome 20 in 716 Finnish affected sib pairs.

We are conducting a genome scan at an average resolution of 10 centimorgans (cM) for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in 716 affected sib pairs from 477 Finnish families. To date, our best evidence for linkage is on chromosome 20 with potentially separable peaks located on both the long and short arms. The unweighted multipoint maximum logarithm of odds score (MLS) was 3.08 on 20p (location, chi = 19.5 cM) under an additive model, whereas the weighted MLS was 2.06 on 20q (chi = 57 cM, recurrence risk,lambda(s) = 1. 25, P = 0.009). Weighted logarithm of odds scores of 2.00 (chi = 69.5 cM, P = 0.010) and 1.92 (chi = 18.5 cM, P = 0.013) were also observed. Ordered subset analyses based on sibships with extreme mean values of diabetes-related quantitative traits yielded sets of families who contributed disproportionately to the peaks. Two-hour glucose levels in offspring of diabetic individuals gave a MLS of 2. 12 (P = 0.0018) at 9.5 cM. Evidence from this and other studies suggests at least two diabetes-susceptibility genes on chromosome 20. We have also screened the gene for maturity-onset diabetes of the young 1, hepatic nuclear factor 4-a (HNF-4alpha) in 64 affected sibships with evidence for high chromosomal sharing at its location on chromosome 20q. We found no evidence that sequence changes in this gene accounted for the linkage results we observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The W64R variant of the beta3-adrenergic receptor is not associated with type II diabetes or obesity in a large Finnish sample.

Recent studies have suggested an association between Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus-related phenotypes and a cytosine-to-thymidine substitution that results in the replacement of tryptophan by arginine at codon 64 (Trp64Arg or W64R) of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene. Here, we present the results of possibly the largest association study to date on the variant in a sample of 526 families with a total of 1725 subjects, 1053 of whom had Type II diabetes. Preliminary calculations suggested that we had excellent power to detect the moderate associations which were reported in previous studies. No associations were found between the W64R variant and the following phenotypes in our sample: Type II diabetes, age at diagnosis for Type II diabetes, measures of obesity, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, minimal model variables, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. In the analysis of plasma lipids, we detected an association between the variant and HDL ratios (HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol) (p = 0.013), which remained significant even after adjusting for sex, affection status and age. Since W64R homozygotes (n = 11) had the highest HDL ratios, however, heterozygotes had the lowest and the wild-type subjects had intermediate values, we conclude that the W64R variant is unlikely to reduce HDL ratios in a dose-dependent, pathogenic manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prevention of Type II diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: the Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) in Finland. Study design and 1-year interim report on the feasibility of the lifestyle intervention programme.

UNLABELLED: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS; The aim of the Diabetes Prevention Study is to assess the efficacy of an intensive diet-exercise programme in preventing or delaying Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, to evaluate the effects of the intervention programme on cardiovascular risk factors and to assess the determinants for the progression to diabetes in persons with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS: A total of 523 overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance ascertained by two oral glucose tolerance tests were randomised to either a control or intervention group. The control subjects received general information at the start of the trial about the lifestyle changes necessary to prevent diabetes and about annual follow-up visits. The intervention subjects had seven sessions with a nutritionist during the first year and a visit every 3 months thereafter aimed at reducing weight, the intake of saturated fat and increasing the intake of dietary fibre. Intervention subjects were also guided individually to increase their physical activity. RESULTS: During the first year, weight loss in the first 212 study subjects was 4.7 +/- 5.5 vs 0.9 +/- 4.1 kg in the intervention and control group, respectively (p < 0.001). The plasma glucose concentrations (fasting: 5.9 +/- 0.7 vs 6.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, p < 0.001; and 2-h 7.8 +/- 1.8 vs 8.5 +/- 2.3 mmol/l, p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the intervention group after the first year of intervention. Favourable changes were also found in blood pressure, serum lipids and anthropometric indices in the intervention group. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: The interim results show the efficacy and feasibility of the lifestyle intervention programme.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1999

Leptin concentrations and their relation to body fat distribution and weight loss--a prospective study in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. DPS-study group.

Leptin is proposed to be involved in regulation of body weight. Only little information is available on leptin concentrations in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of body fat distribution and weight reduction on serum leptin levels in a prospective setting in IGT subjects. Sixty-nine individuals with impaired glucose tolerance aged 45-64 years participated in this prospective study. Serum leptin levels were about 300% higher among females than among males, despite an only 30% higher fat percentage in females. A close association between degree of obesity and leptin concentrations was observed in both sexes. The correlation coefficient between fat mass and leptin concentration ranged between r = 0.467- 0.817 (p< 0.001 - 0.01). A close correlation between degree of weight loss and decrease in leptin concentrations was observed in both sexes. A 10.1 kg (9.6%) decrease in body weight among females was associated with a 32% decrease in leptin concentrations. The corresponding value among males for an 8.0 kg (8.6%) decrease was 29%. Changes in leptin concentrations were best explained by changes in fat mass among both males and females. Body fat distribution was also of importance, especially among females. Gender associated differences in leptin concentrations appear to be largely influenced by gender differences in body fat distribution.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in young and middle-aged diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal disorders have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in out-clinic diabetic patients in the county of Umeå, Sweden. METHODS: Diabetic patients aged 24-59 years residing in Umeå County (population, 136,000) were included in the study (n = 489), as were 200 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. A questionnaire was mailed to the patients and controls, and a reminder was sent 5 months later. The questionnaire contained 28 questions concerning gastrointestinal symptoms, bowel habits, and medication during the preceding year. RESULTS: Fifty-nine per cent of the patients and 53% of the controls responded. The total number of reported gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly greater in patients (1.25 +/- 0.10; mean +/- standard deviation) than in control subjects (0.50 +/- 0.08). This increase was seen in both type-1 (1.12 +/- 0.11) and type-2 (1.52 +/- 0.25) diabetic patients. Female diabetic patients reported significantly more symptoms than did male patients (1.59 +/- 0.17 and 0.81 +/- 0.12, respectively). Patients with neuropathy had significantly more symptoms than the other patients. Symptom frequency was not correlated with nephropathy or retinopathy or with the duration of diabetes, body mass index, glycosylated haemoglobin, or insulin dose. Heartburn, constipation, and nocturnal urge to defecate were significantly more frequent in patients than in controls. Furthermore, a feeling of incomplete defecation, a need to strain at defecation, and urgency were significantly more common in patients. CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients had more gastrointestinal symptoms than non-diabetic population. These symptoms did not correlate with duration of the disease, metabolic control, or any other complication except neuropathy. Heartburn and constipation were among the symptoms that occurred more frequently in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic population.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Familiality of quantitative metabolic traits in Finnish families with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) Study investigators.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a complex disorder encompassing multiple metabolic defects. There exists strong evidence for a genetic component to NIDDM; however, to date there have been few reports of linkage between genetic markers along the genome and NIDDM or NIDDM-related quantitative traits. We sought to determine whether individual quantitative traits which determine glucose tolerance exhibit familiality in Finnish families with at least one NIDDM-affected sibling pair. Tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGT) were performed on unaffected offspring (n = 431) and spouses (n = 154) of affected sibling pairs sampled for the Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) study. FSIGT data were analyzed using the Minimal Model to obtain quantitative measures of insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness (SG), and insulin secretion assessed as the acute insulin response to glucose (AIR). The disposition index (DI), a measure of insulin resistance-corrected beta-cell function, was also derived as the product of SI and AIR. Variance components analysis was used to determine for each trait, the heritability (h2), the proportion of the total trait variance accounted for by additive genes. After adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index, h2 estimates were: SG: 18 +/- 9%, SI: 28 +/- 8%, AIR: 35 +/- 8%, and DI: 23 +/- 8%. We conclude that there is strong evidence for modest heritability of Minimal-Model-derived NIDDM-related quantitative traits in unaffected spouses and offspring of Finnish affected sibling pairs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Efficacy and safety of cerivastatin, 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg, in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia: a multinational, randomised, double-blind study. Cerivastatin Study Group.

Elevated serum cholesterol level is a key risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cerivastatin is a highly effective lipid-lowering agent currently licensed at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg. This was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study comparing the efficacy and safety of cerivastatin 0.4 mg/day with that of cerivastatin 0.2 mg/day in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. There was a six-week placebo run-in phase followed by a 24-week active treatment phase. A total of 494 patients were randomised to receive cerivastatin 0.4 mg (n = 332) or 0.2 mg (n = 162). Per-protocol (PP) analysis revealed that mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level decreased by 38.4 +/- 0.7% from baseline in the 0.4 mg group, compared with a decrease of 31.5 +/- 0.9% in the 0.2 mg group (p < 0.0001). There was a significant gender difference in the 0.4 mg group: LDL-C decreased by 44.4 +/- 8.9% in women, compared with a decrease of 37.0 +/- 0.9% in men (p < 0.046). In the PP group as a whole, total cholesterol decreased by 26.0 +/- 0.5% from baseline in the 0.4 mg group, compared with a decrease of 21.6 +/- 0.7% in the 0.2 mg group (p < 0.0001). Both doses were well tolerated; only eight (2.4%) patients in the 0.4 mg group and five (3.1%) patients in the 0.2 mg group withdrew owing to adverse events. Cerivastatin 0.2 mg/day and 0.4 mg/day was found to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent manner, with both doses exhibiting a good safety profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Distribution of P2X3 receptors in the rat trigeminal ganglion after inferior alveolar nerve injury.

The ATP-gated cation channel receptor P2X3 is associated with nociceptive primary sensory neurons. We have, using immunohistochemistry, examined the expression of P2X3 in rat trigeminal ganglia 4-22 days after ligation/section or chronic constriction of the mandibular inferior alveolar nerve. In the normal trigeminal ganglion the anti-P2X3 receptor antibody labeled 37-58% of all neurons. Double labeling demonstrated that about 70-95% of the small neurons that bind the isolectin I-B4 displayed P2X3-immunoreactivity, and that about 40% of larger RT97-positive nerve cells were P2X3 receptor-immunoreactive. At 4 and 10 days after inferior alveolar nerve injury, the proportion of P2X3-immunoreactive neurons had increased to about 65% (range 52-78%). Examinations at the injury sites showed an intense P2X3 receptor-immunoreactivity in nerve endings. At longer survival stages the proportion of P2X3 receptor-positive sensory neurons had returned to control values. These results show that the P2X3 receptor is transiently upregulated and anterogradely transported in trigeminal primary sensory neurons after nerve injury. Since the receptor is accumulated in injured nerve endings, it may be associated with abnormal impulse propagation from these sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A large sample of finnish diabetic sib-pairs reveals no evidence for a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus susceptibility locus at 2qter.

In the first reported positive result from a genome scan for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), Hanis et al. found significant evidence of linkage for NIDDM on chromosome 2q37 and named the putative disease locus NIDDM1 (Hanis et al. 1996. Nat. Genet. 13:161-166). Their total sample was comprised of 440 Mexican-American affected sib-pairs from 246 sibships. The strongest evidence for linkage was at marker D2S125 and best estimates of lambdas (risk to siblings of probands/population prevalence) using this marker were 1.37 under an additive model and 1.36 under a multiplicative model. We examined this chromosomal region using linkage analysis in a Finnish sample comprised of 709 affected sib-pairs from 472 sibships. We excluded this region in our sample (multipoint logarithm of odds score </= -2) for lambdas >/= 1.37. We discuss possible reasons why linkage to 2q37 was not found and conclude that this region is unlikely to be playing a major role in NIDDM susceptibility in the Finnish Caucasian population.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Growth in childhood and blood pressure in Finnish children.

The aims of this prospective cohort study were to monitor childhood blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol and link them to fetal and childhood growth. Of the 215 children recruited after delivery in a rural county of eastern Finland during 1981 and 1982, 180 (83.7%) stayed in the study until the age of seven. The measurements assessed were BP, serum cholesterol and anthropometry. Of the children originally in the highest BP quartile at the age of 6 months, 58% (systolic BP (SBP)) and 68% (diastolic BP (DBP)), respectively, remained in the same quartile until the age of 7 years; 53% (SBP) and 60% (DBP), respectively, remained in the same lowest quartile. Consequently, BP at 6 months correlated strongly with SBP (r=0.69, P < 0.001) and DBP (r=0.75, P < 0.001) at 7 years of age. Birth weight, ponderal index, placental weight and placental to birth weight ratio were not related to BP level during the follow-up. Weight at 1 year of age correlated positively with SBP (r=0.18-0.25, P=0.0008-0.0215) but not with DBP during the follow-up. Weight gain during the first year of life was directly related to subsequent SBP (r=0.11-0.22, P=0.005-0.16). There was an inverse relationship between serum cholesterol at 7 years of age and placental weight (r=-0.16, P=0.048) and placental to birth weight ratio (r=-0.16, P=0.045). The BP level is already determined at 1 year of age and a higher SBP is associated with a higher growth rate during the first year of life.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1998

Aerobic endurance exercise or circuit-type resistance training for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance?

The role of physical activity in the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is of utmost importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of aerobic endurance exercise and circuit-type resistance training in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Twenty-two individuals participated in the study. Fourteen subjects were enrolled in the aerobic endurance exercise part of the study; seven exercised regularly for six months, while seven served as controls. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured and insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). Eight subjects participated in a circuit-type resistance training program for three months. Insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation were then assessed using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry. The aerobic endurance exercise program caused in increase in VO2max (21.6 +/- 1.9 to 25.4 +/- 2.4 ml/kg.min; p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (1.14 +/- 0.06 to 1.23 +/- 0.08 mmol/l; p < 0.05), but no change in insulin sensitivity nor insulin secretion occurred. However, comparing the changes between the intervention and control group, the differences disappeared. Circuit-type resistance training increased insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal) by 23% (p < 0.05), primarily due to a 27% increase in non-oxidative glucose metabolism. Both circuit-type resistance training and aerobic endurance exercise seem to have beneficial effects in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. However, by improving insulin sensitivity, circuit-type resistance training may postpone the manifestations of NIDDM in these high-risk individuals and should therefore be included in an exercise program for IGT subjects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1998

Lesions of subclinical doberman hepatitis.

This investigation describes histologic lesions in the livers of 18 Doberman Pinschers suffering from subclinical doberman hepatitis (DH). The dogs' ages ranged from 2.5 to 7 years; 15 were females and 3 were males. At the time of liver biopsy, the dogs had no clinical signs of liver disease, although serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values had been elevated in two samples in successive months. In the histologic examination, all biopsies revealed parenchymal and portal mononuclear inflammation. In the parenchyma, the inflammation was diffuse, with multifocal clusters of inflammatory cells. The periportal reaction was usually mild to moderate. Bridging necrosis (3/18) and bile duct proliferation (2/18) were rare. Excessive copper was detected by rubeinic acid stain in every specimen. Postmortem liver samples were obtained from nine dogs 3.5-65 months after the initial biopsy specimen; five of these dogs had been euthanatized for reasons other than DH, and liver specimens revealed piecemeal necrosis (5/5), bridging necrosis (3/5), and bile duct proliferation (2/5). Four of them had been euthanatized because of DH. Liver lesions of these dogs were typical for chronic active hepatitis, with bridging and piecemeal necrosis (4/4), portal expansion (4/4), bile duct proliferation (4/4), and fibrosis (4/4). A scoring system was used to evaluate changes numerically from biopsy to postmortem samples. Lesions in all dogs had progressed. The most important histologic changes were expansion of portal areas (P = 0.008), increased periportal and bridging necrosis (P = 0.008), increased fibrosis (P = 0.016), and proliferation of the bile ducts (P = 0.063).

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1998

Mapping genes for NIDDM. Design of the Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) Study.

OBJECTIVE: To map and identify susceptibility genes for NIDDM and for the intermediate quantitative traits associated with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We describe the methodology and sample of the Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) study. The whole genome search approach is being applied in studies of several different ethnic groups to locate susceptibility genes for NIDDM. Detailed description of the study materials and designs of such studies are important, particularly when comparing the findings in these studies and when combining different data sets. RESULTS: Using a careful selection strategy, we have ascertained 495 families with confirmed NIDDM in at least two siblings and no history of IDDM among the first-degree relatives. These families were chosen from more than 22,000 NIDDM patients, representative of patients with NIDDM in the Finnish population. In a subset of families, a spouse and offspring were sampled, and they participated in a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) analyzed with the Minimal Model. An FSIGT was completed successfully for at least two nondiabetic offspring in 156 families with a confirmed nondiabetic spouse and no history of IDDM in first-degree relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our work demonstrates the feasibility of collecting a large number of affected sib-pair families with NIDDM to provide data that will enable a whole genome search approach, including linkage analysis.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1997

Adaptation of adopted foreign children at mid-adolescence as indicated by aspects of health and risk taking--a population study.

PURPOSE: There is very little data available on adaptation at adolescence after "visible adoptions" (children adopted from abroad), in terms of mental health, risk-taking and problem behaviour in comparison with nonadopted adolescents. This study describes such an outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data derived from self-reports from 125 adolescents aged 13-18 years who identified themselves as adopted, and who participated in two epidemiological surveys of 9329 adolescents. Their number was representative for children adopted from abroad. The other adolescents served as controls. RESULTS: Family life styles showed no differences between groups. Health was similar to that of the controls. Foreign adopted adolescents significantly often evaluated themselves as shorter and with early puberty. The proportion of adopted girls with suicidal thoughts was significantly larger, they also reported school truancy, not using safety belts, sexual intercourse, unpleasant sexual encounters, and contact with illicit drugs more often than the controls. The stress of early puberty could only partly explain this. CONCLUSIONS: Girls adopted from abroad, representing "visible adoptions", need additional attention and study during adolescence to expose causes for maladaption among some of them.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Resistance training improves the metabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Aerobic endurance exercise has traditionally been advocated in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while the potential role of resistance training has often been overlooked. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of circuit-type resistance training on blood pressure, lipids and long-term glycaemic control (HbAlc) in type 2 diabetic subjects. Thirty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects were enrolled in the study; 18 participated in a 5-month individualized progressive resistance training programme (moderate intensity, high volume) twice a week, while the remaining 20 served as controls. The exercise group showed improvements in total cholesterol (6.0 +/- .3 vs 5.3 +/- .3 mM; P < 0.01), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (3.90 +/- .22 vs 3.35 +/- .21 mM; P < 0.01) and triglycerides (1.91 +/- .25 vs 1.53 +/- .22 mM; P < 0.01). Also, the difference in the change in HbAlc between the groups (0.5%) achieved statistical significance (P < 0.01). Circuit-type resistance training seems to be feasible in moderately obese, sedentary type 2 diabetic subjects and the inclusion of circuit-type resistance training in exercise training programmes for type 2 diabetic subjects seems appropriate.

Aged↗