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Biomedical subjects

J Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to J Eriksson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The insulin-like effect of growth hormone on insulin-like growth factor II receptors is opposed by cyclic AMP. Evidence for a common post-receptor pathway for growth hormone and insulin action.

The counter-regulatory effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation and cyclic AMP on the insulin-like action of growth hormone (GH) on the subcellular distribution of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) receptors were studied in fat cells from hypophysectomized (Hx) and sham-operated rats. For comparison, the effect of insulin on this process was also studied. Basal IGF-II binding was increased by approx. 2-fold in cells from Hx as compared with sham-operated animals. The stimulatory effect of insulin was decreased in Hx cells, mainly due to a basal redistribution but also to a reduced total number of receptors. GH exerted an acute insulin-like effect in cells from Hx rats and stimulated the translocation of IGF-II receptors from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline or addition of the non-metabolizable cyclic AMP-analogue N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP induced a cellular resistance to both GH and insulin and also reduced the responsiveness to these hormones. Adenosine exerted a modulatory effect on both hormones. Binding of 125I-labelled GH to its receptors was not significantly changed by any of these factors. It is concluded that: (1) beta-adrenergic stimulation and cyclic AMP induce a cellular GH resistance at a level distal to the GH-binding site, and (2) the insulin-like effect of GH shares a common pathway with insulin which occurs at the post-binding level.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1989

Early metabolic defects in persons at increased risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

To identify early metabolic abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we measured sensitivity to insulin and insulin secretion in 26 first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM and compared these subjects both with 14 healthy control subjects with no family history of NIDDM and with 19 patients with NIDDM. The euglycemic insulin-clamp technique, indirect calorimetry, and infusion of [3-3H]glucose were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Total-body glucose metabolism was impaired in the first-degree relatives as compared with the controls (P less than 0.01). The defect in glucose metabolism was almost completely accounted for by a defect in nonoxidative glucose metabolism (primarily the storage of glucose as glycogen). The relatives with normal rates of metabolism (mean +/- SEM, 1.81 +/- 0.27 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute) and impaired rates (1.40 +/- 0.22 mg per kilogram per minute) in oral glucose-tolerance tests had the same degree of impairment in glucose storage as compared with healthy control subjects (3.76 +/- 0.55 mg per kilogram per minute; P less than 0.01 for both comparisons). During hyperglycemic clamping, first-phase insulin secretion was lacking in patients with NIDDM (P less than 0.01) and severely impaired in their relatives with impaired glucose tolerance (P less than 0.05) as compared with control subjects; insulin secretion was normal in the relatives with normal glucose tolerance. We conclude that impaired glucose metabolism is common in the first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM, despite their normal results on oral glucose-tolerance tests. Both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are necessary for the development of impaired glucose tolerance in these subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Different effects of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents on glucose and energy metabolism in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

Which therapy should be used in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with "secondary sulfonylurea failure", insulin or a combination of sulfonylurea and metformin? To address this question, we have compared the effect of 6 months of insulin therapy twice daily with that of a combination of glibenclamide and metformin in 24 Type 2 diabetic subjects, who no longer responded to treatment with sulfonylureas. Both treatments resulted in an equivalent 30% improvement in mean daily blood glucose (p less than 0.001), without significant effect on serum lipids. Insulin improved glycaemic control primarily by reducing basal hepatic glucose production (p less than 0.05), but had no significant effect on peripheral glucose metabolism. The combination of glibenclamide and metformin enhanced significantly total body glucose metabolism (p less than 0.05), predominantly by stimulating the non-oxidative pathway. Neither insulin nor the combination therapy altered B-cell response to a test meal. Insulin therapy resulted in a 6% increase in body weight, 63% of which was accounted for by increased fat mass. Although body weight was unchanged during sulfonylurea/metformin therapy, lean body mass and energy expenditure decreased significantly (p less than 0.05). We conclude that insulin and glibenclamide/metformin have different long-term effects on glucose and energy metabolism in Type 2 diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

Verifying copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers by analytical electron microscopy of needle biopsies of liver.

Diagnosis of copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers was performed by analytical electron microscopy of needle biopsy of the liver. The animals were four Bedlington terriers clinically suspected of hereditary copper toxicosis, and four healthy control animals of the same breed. Light microscopy of the livers of the diseased animals revealed dense bodies in the hepatocytes which stained histochemically for copper. Analytical electron microscopy showed that the intrahepatocytic bodies consisted almost entirely of copper.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characteristics of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral antidiabetic therapy.

PURPOSE: Secondary failure to treatment with oral antidiabetic agents frequently occurs in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the search for causes of such failures, we examined patient- and disease-related factors in nonresponders and in responders to treatment with oral antidiabetic agents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of three groups: (1) 34 nonresponders to treatment with sulfonylureas; (2) 25 patients who still responded to treatment with sulfonylureas; and (3) 10 age-matched healthy control subjects. In addition to patient-related factors such as adherence to diet and knowledge of diabetes, we examined insulin response to a test meal and hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity during a euglycemic insulin clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry and infusion of [3H-3-]glucose. RESULTS: Patient-related factors such as daily nutrient intake, activity score, knowledge of diabetes, and "stress level" were similar in both groups. However, nonresponders had a higher rate of basal hepatic glucose production (4.60 +/- 0.14 versus 3.63 +/- 0.26 mg/minute/kg of lean body weight; p less than 0.001), which was less suppressed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (about 100 microU/mL) than was that of the responders (p less than 0.001). In addition, total insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism was reduced (5.07 +/- 0.22 versus 7.09 +/- 0.56 mg/kg.LBM.minute; p less than 0.001), and this was mainly accounted for by a reduction in non-oxidative glucose metabolism (glycogen synthesis and anaerobic glycolysis) (1.78 +/- 0.22 versus 3.54 +/- 0.49 mg/kg.LBM.minute; p less than 0.001). The severity of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance correlated with the plasma glucose concentration but was unrelated to insulin secretion. In a multiple linear regression analysis, glucose overproduction in the liver (26.1%), impaired peripheral glucose metabolism (17.3%), and insulin deficiency (12.6%) could explain only 56% of the causes of secondary drug failure. CONCLUSION: Secondary failure to treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents is determined by the disease itself rather than by patient-related factors. Treatment of secondary drug failure should therefore aim at ameliorating both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1988

Psychosomatic aspects of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A prospective study of 101 male patients.

101 consecutive male patients were examined by means of clinical interviews and depression, anxiety, personality, psychometric and life stress tests. The examinations took place preoperatively, on the 9th postoperative day (average) and 7.5 months after surgery. The mean age of the patients was 52.2 years and the mean duration of CHD was 6.7 years. Prior to surgery 77% had experienced myocardial infarction and 85% belonged to NYHA class III or IV. 74% had a 3-vessel disease. When the NYHA classification was used as criterion for rehabilitation the result was excellent. Postoperatively 80% belonged to NYHA class I or II. Hospital mortality rate was 4% and one patient died from myocardial infarction prior to the final follow-up. Preoperatively 17% of the study group were working. 87% of the patients experienced negative effects on work life, caused by CHD. Postoperatively 33% worked regularly. The postoperative work situation correlated with the duration of preoperative unemployment (p less than 0.0001), the patient's own opinion about work return (willingness/unwillingness to return to work) (p less than 0.01), as well as with the amount of negative life stress experienced preoperatively (p less than 0.01). Only 13% of the series experienced positive effects on work life, caused by CABG surgery. The majority of the patients had experienced negative effects on social and economic life (51%), as well as on sexual life (70%), caused by CHD. After surgery improvements were noted by 36% on social life and by 27% on sexual life. 15% experienced impairment of sexual life postoperatively. According to the Beck Depression Inventory 29% showed depression preoperatively, and 10% postoperatively. The difference is significant (p less than 0.0001). Clinically the figures tended to be higher. The same tendency holds for anxiety scores as measured by the Hamilton anxiety scale. The incidence of postoperative psychoses was 35%. Higher age (p less than 0.01) and/or absence of psychosomatic diseases (p less than 0.05) correlated with higher frequency of psychoses. Even though cardiological rehabilitation according to the NYHA classification was excellent, 22% of the series did not think their expectations were fulfilled. Psychic and social rehabilitation was in several aspects unsatisfactory, and the patients did not seem prepared for this. The importance to consider rehabilitation from a psychosomatic standpoint is clearly shown. To predict the result of rehabilitation preoperatively is not possible.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Experiences with iohexol (Omnipaque) at urography.

In a prospective study of 547 pediatric intravenous pyelographies with a new non-ionic contrast medium (iohexol), only 5 (0.9%) minor reactions were observed. The higher price seems justified, and iohexol is strongly recommended in neonates as well as older children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Radiological findings in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: relationship to clinical and bacteriological findings.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of bronchiolitis leading to acute admission to hospital in the winter months. A wide range of findings accompanies this disease and the appearances are seldom completely diagnostic. Associated bacterial co-infections are common and we have shown an association with atelectasis among patients with pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx.

Bacteria↗