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J Eshaghian

Publications and source records attributed to J Eshaghian.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Sinus involvement in inflammatory orbital pseudotumor.

Orbital pseudotumor is a difficult diagnosis to establish preoperatively. The relationship between sinus disease and orbital pseudotumor is controversial. We describe two patients with unilateral proptosis, diplopia, palpable orbital masses, ocular discomfort, and sinus problems of short duration. Echographically, both had low reflective masses in the orbit and the adjacent sinuses. Roentgenograms and echograms were interpreted as showing erosion of the bony orbital wall. A presumptive diagnosis of sinus malignant neoplasm with orbital extension was made. Sinus histopathologic examination in one case and nasal histopathologic examination in the other showed chronic inflammatory changes compatible with the diagnosis of pseudotumor. At orbitotomy, one patient had vessels communicating between the orbital and sinus lesions, and both patients had irregular pitting of the bone next to the histologically proved orbital pseudotumors. The lytic erosive changes predicted preoperatively were not present. Simultaneous orbital and sinus pseudotumors seem to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Those concerned with the diagnosis and management of orbital disease should be aware of this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Human posterior subcapsular cataract. An ultrastructural study of the posteriorly migrating cells.

Thirteen human lenses posterior subcapsular cataracts were examined by transmission electron microscopy to study the lens epithelial cells that characteristically migrate posteriorly in this disease. A sequence of histologic changes was identified from the equatorial region to the posterior pole. The cells became increasingly more active cytologically, culminating in lens-fiber-like formation or cell death at the posterior pole. Moderate amounts of extracellular granular and fibrillar material were produced, especially in the more advanced cases. No mature collagen was found. The liquefied posterior cataracts contained cellular debris from both degenerate lens fibers and necrotic migrating cells. The migrating lens cells thus contributed to the cataract by secretion, cytolysis, and probably by release of lysosomal enzymes. Bladder cells had many of the characteristics of lens fibers so that the term "abortive" or dysplastic lens fibers is appropriate for them.

Cataract↗
PubMed1980

Orbicularis oculi muscle in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia.

Orbicularis oculi muscle biopsies were performed in 38 patients (ten with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and 28 controls) to determine whether ragged red fibers were present and, if so, whether they were specific to progressive external ophthalmoplegia. To our knowledge, the orbicularis muscle has not been previously studied in this regard. Ragged red fibers were seen in the orbicularis oculi in patients with and without ophthalmoplegia, although they were more abundant in patients with ophthalmoplegia. The limb muscles of patients with ophthalmoplegia showed ragged red fibers. Electron microscopy demonstrated that these fibers contain either abnormal or increased numbers of normal mitochondria. Thus, the presence of ragged red fibers in the orbicularis oculi muscle is not limited to patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and the diagnosis of this disorder with ragged red fibers should be based on a combination of clinical and laboratory findings, including those from a limb muscle biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of human cataract in retinitis pigmentosa.

A second ultrastructural study of retinitis pigmentosa cataract showed differences from the previous case with respect to sex, age of cataract onset, age at time of cataract extraction, and mode of inheritance of retinitis pigmentosa. Furthermore, the cataract in the present study was limited clinically and preponderantly ultrastructurally to the posterior subcapsular area, which is typical of the location of cataracts associated with retinitis pigmentosa. The cataract was characterized by severe lens fiber disorganization, resulting in intricately distorted membrane configurations and varying cytoplasmic densities; however, "figure eight" configurations as noted in the other report were not observed. Aberrantly migrated epithelial cells were distributed unevenly in the posterior subcapsular zone. New capsular basement membrane, not mentioned in the other report, was conspicuous in our case. Thus, retinitis pigmentosa cataract may have diverse ultrastructural alterations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

C-reactive protein in giant cell (cranial, temporal) arteritis.

A controlled study of C-reactive protein in patients with and without temporal arteritis was performed. C-reactive protein was elevated in 10 of 11 patients with biopsy-proven temporal arteritis before treatment. It was positive in 14 of 32 control patients with negative temporal artery biopsies. This difference is statistically significant. C-reactive protein was elevated in 6 to 9 (depending on the adequacy of therapy) of 34 patients with temporal arteritis after corticosteroids were started. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are positively correlated in untreated arteritis. Clinical correlation showed C-reactive protein was more sensitive than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in following the adequacy of corticosteroid dosages in temporal arteritis probably because many more noninflammatory factors influence erythrocyte sedimentation than influence C-reactive protein.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1979

Controversies regarding giant cell (temporal, cranial) arteritis.

It is important to establish the diagnosis of temporal arteritis because the disease is treatable; treatment may prevent blindness and even death. Temporal arteritis usually occurs in people older than 51 years of age, although very rarely, histologically documented disease occurs in younger people. The onset may be occult, so that there are few findings. A multitude of signs and symptoms may occur such as fever, headaches, malaise, weight loss, anemia, stroke, cranial nerve palsies, polymyalgia rheumatica, aortitis and other large vessel involvement. The eye may suffer from ischemic optic neuropathy (anterior or posterior), central or cilio-retinal arterial occlusion, ophthalmic artery ischemia, or extraocular muscle palsies. An arterial biopsy showing giant cell arteritis establishes the diagnosis. However, a negative biopsy does not rule out the disease because of the occasional presence of skip areas. Arteriography has only rarely yielded a positive temporal artery biopsy when the initial biopsy done elsewhere was negative. As a diagnostic parameter, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is nonspecific, being elevated in diseases other than temporal arteritis and sometimes being falsely lowered by technical factors. Furthermore, the temporal artery biopsy is occasionally positive despite a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Treatment is aimed at relieving the patient's symptoms and normalizing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Because of the wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory finding in temporal arteritis, no one specific treatment regimen with systemic corticosteroids works for all patients. Temporal arteritis is a well known disease of the elderly which ir rarely fatal but results in significant visual morbidity (Hinzpeter & Naumann, 1976; Spencer & Hoyt, 1960). Since Hutchinson's (1890) description, more than a thousand articles have been written on the subject (Cohen & Smith, 1974). Despite this, many unanswered questions and controversies remain concerning the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of temporal arteritis. My goal is to review these questions and areas of controversy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Human posterior subcapsular cataract. A gross and flat preparation study.

Fifteen human lenses with posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) were examined en bloc and in flat preparations of the posterior capsules. The PSCs were polygonal to stellate in shape, showing some correlation with the sutural pattern. Most PSCs had a thin, semiliquefied zone centrally. All lenses showed superficial epithelial cells migrating posteriorly from one or more sectors of the equator. In these sectors, the epithelial nuclei were enlarged, with complete disorganization of the postequatorial nuclear rows. The migrating cells were stellate, layered, and in the larger cataracts, were oriented in a ring configuration around the liquefied central portion of the PSC and bladder and other proliferative cells tended to accumulate around the ring area. Control cataractous and aging lenses showed considerable irregularity of the postequatorial nuclear rows but only occasional migration toward the posterior pole.

Cataract↗