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Biomedical subjects

J Espinar Sierra

Publications and source records attributed to J Espinar Sierra.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Sleep apnea in arterial hypertension].

BACKGROUND: The sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and high blood pressure (HBP) present multiple relations. Apnea culminates with an increase in arterial pressure, and a high percentage of apneic patients have HBP. It has also been reported that SAS is more frequent among hypertensive patients than among the general population. METHODS: In the present study 91 essential hypertensive individuals were studied by a questionnaire and polygraphic study of night sleep, to establish the prevalence of SAS among hypertensive subjects and the predictive value of the clinical questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of SAS in HBP was 8.8%. The greatest predictive value was found for the presence of respiratory pauses every night and throughout the night. The risk factor of greatest association was cigarette smoking and the greatest organic repercussion was observed in renal function. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome was found among essential hypertensive subjects, thus leading this syndrome to be suggested as a risk factor of high blood pressure. The question as to whether the patients present daily pauses between snores and throughout the entire night is suggestive and implies confirmation by polygraphic study of night sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Changes in psychopathological symptoms in sleep apnea patients after treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

To evaluate the psychological disturbances associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) treatment on these alterations, personality patterns and psychosocial adjustment were assessed in patients hypnopolygraphically diagnosed with OSA before and after different periods of NCPAP therapy. Prior to treatment, MMPI results for 23 patients showed significant elevations (p < .01) on five clinical scales compared to those of 17 normal controls. Apneics' personality patterns were predominantly of a "neurotic-mixed" type, indicating an anxiety reaction with paranoid features. Depression, schizophrenia, and hypochondriasis were the highest scales. Most patients had severe psychosocial maladjustment. In the follow-up study during the NCPAP treatment, there was a progressive reduction of the psychopathological signs along with a generalized improvement in psychosocial adaptation. These changes were remarkably significant after about a year's treatment, in particular for depression (p < .01) and total adjustment degree (p < .01). It was concluded that severe OSA is associated with serious psychosocial alterations that improve gradually with NCPAP.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hypnopolygraphic alterations in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) children.

The sleep pattern of 13 prepubertal children, nonmedicated, rigourously diagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) was recorded for two consecutive nights. Analyses of sleep pattern variables revealed a marked reduction of sleep onset latency (p less than .01), a great number of nocturnal awakenings (p less than .01), and a high increase of Delta sleep percentage (p less than .01) for the ADD children compared to normals. In addition, the two subtypes of the disorder--ADD with hyperactivity (ADD/H) and ADD without hyperactivity (ADD/WO) or ADD undifferentiated--showed distinct hypnopolygraphic correlates. Those ADD/H children had a greater sleep fragmentation and a lesser degree of sleep efficiency. These findings would support the hypothesis that ADD is related to a deficient control of arousal level and, on the other hand, suggest that ADD/H and ADD/WO are different clinical entities.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Immediate effect of nasal continuous positive pressure in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea].

In 8 patients with severe sleep apnea syndrome we have studied the immediate effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure. A good adaptation to the machine during their stay at the laboratory and the beneficial immediate effect on somnolence was observed. There was found a better efficiency of sleep, shortening of latency, decrease of stage 1, increase of REM and shortening of the latency of REM (rebound of REM sleep). Significant correlations were found between the needed pressure to eliminate apneas and the proportion of stage 1 (r = 0.83), of REM stage (r = 0.72) and stage 2 (r = -0.84) of basal night sleep.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Rett's syndrome: study of 15 cases].

A multicentric study of 15 cases of Rett syndrome selected with the diagnostic criteria according HAG-BERG et al: female sex, normal pre and perinatal period, normal psychomotor development through the first months of life, early dementia between 1-3 years of age with autistic behaviour, loss of acquired purposeful hand skill, "washing hands" stereotypies, normal head circumference at birth with later deceleration of head growth and truncal ataxia with gait apraxia. Waking EEG showed unspecific abnormalities while sleep recording demonstrated extremely frequent multifocal spike and sharp waves mainly over the rolandic region and generalized, and also pseudo-periodic suppression of background activity. In 3 cases the EMG showed a peripheral axonal neuropathy. Only in one case we found hyperammonemia. Karyotypic studies performed in 12 cases demonstrated non specific fragile sites. CT scan was normal in almost all cases. The QD was extremely low.

Ammonia↗