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Biomedical subjects

J F Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to J F Bishop.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Acyclovir therapy in patients with malignant disease and disseminated herpes zoster.

Acyclovir is a new antiviral agent which is active in vitro and in vivo against a variety of herpesviruses. Two cases are reported in which intravenous administration of acyclovir arrested the progress of disseminated herpes zoster within 24 to 48 hours after the beginning of therapy. There was no evidence of toxicity. Thus, acyclovir appears to be useful in the therapy of herpes zoster, but this requires evaluation.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1983

Adriamycin combinations as salvage therapy in advanced MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease.

Thirty one patients with advanced MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease were treated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinca alkaloid and prednisolone (ABVP). Sixteen patients received vinblastine, seven received vincristine and in eight VM26 was substituted for the vinca. Of 28 patients evaluable for response 17 (61%) achieved an objective response with five (18%) complete responders. Response was significantly inferior in patients receiving VM26. Patients with a prolonged interval since previous chemotherapy had a greater chance of complete response (p less than 0.02) as did those with previous complete response to MOPP therapy (p less than 0.05). Response to treatment did not affect overall survival (p = 0.8) although relapse free survival was significantly longer for those achieving complete response (p less than 0.01). The regimen produced minimal gastrointestinal toxicity, but significant myelosuppression. ABVP is a well tolerated salvage therapy in advanced MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunotherapy maintenance in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia.

Between January 1975 and December 1977, 264 adult patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia entered the Australian National Leukaemia Trial. Of 251 evaluable patients, three induction regimens achieved similar complete response (CR) rates. CROP (cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) produced CR in 41% of patients, 7 and 3 (cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin) in 42% and 7 and 3 plus hydroxyurea in 52%. Remission duration and survival were similar when induction regimens were compared. Forty-five patients reaching maintenance therapy were randomised to either chemo-immunotherapy (BCG plus intradermal leukaemic blast cells) or chemotherapy alone. The duration of CR in these two groups was almost identical, though patients receiving chemotherapy alone had prolonged survival (median 161 weeks) when compared to the chemo-immunotherapy group (84 weeks, p = 0 . 07). Institutions with less developed supportive facilities reported lower CR rates (p = 0 . 04). Leucocytosis (greater than 100 X 10(9)/1) and older age (greater than 50 years) were associated with shortened survival. The Trial has failed to show any advantage for this form of immunotherapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Infections during intensive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Records of 133 infections occurring in 73 of 125 patients with late-stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on intensive chemotherapy programs for a median of 23 months were reviewed. Granulocytopenia, usually related to chemotherapy, was the major predisposing factor, association with 51% of infections. The incidence of infection in chemotherapy courses associated with less than 500 granulocytes/microL was higher than those with 500 or more granulocytes/microL (p = 0.0004). Splenectomized patients tended to have a higher incidence of chemotherapy courses with an infection (p = 0.06); marrow involvement was not a significant predisposing factor to infection. The commonest sites of infection were lung, skin, and alimentary canal. Gram-negative organisms and Staphylococcus aureus caused 83% of documented infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major cause of pneumonia and bacteremia; and herpes zoster and fungi each caused only 3% of infections. Other infections associated with impaired cellular or humoral immunity were uncommon. Poor prognosis was associated with infections in granulocytopenic patients with stable or falling granulocyte counts, infection at multiple sites, and bacteremia, especially polymicrobial bacteremia.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1977

Filtration leukopheresis granulocyte support for infected neutropenic patients.

A pilot study of granulocyte support for neutropenic infected patients by means of white cells collected from the Aminco Celltrifuge at the Peter MacCallum Clinic showed acceptable side effects in donor and recipients, and an encouraging recovery occurred in two out of four patients treated. White cell filtration leukopheresis was introduced at the Alfred Hospital Haematology and Medical Oncology Unit in November, 1975, for supportive therapy of all patients with white cell counts below 500/mm3 who had sustained febrile episodes (temperatures greater than 38 degrees C for more than 48 hours) while receiving appropriate or empiric parenteral antibiotic therapy. A minimum of four or more daily transfusions was given from group and cross-matched compatible donors until fever lysis, recovery of the neutrophil count to over 500/mm3 or death. Of 13 patients given white cell support, 12 survived and were discharged from hospital. One patient died having received only one transfusion when he was moribund. We believe that white cell filtration leukopheresis cell support is useful when used with parenteral antibiotic therapy for infected neutropenic patients, and it has resulted in a high rate of recovery from life-threatening infection in patients at risk.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1977

The management of febrile episodes in-neutropenic cancer.

The management of 33 febrile episodes in neutropenic patients suffering from acute leukaemia and other cancers is described. In 32 out of 33 episodes, the fever subsided. One patient died of cerebral haemorrhage while infected. The most common clinical sites of infection were, in order of frequency, the chest, the throat and the skin. Positive cultures were obtained in about half the episodes, the most common site being the throat followed by blood and sputum. The most common organisms isolated were Gram negative. Eighty-four per cent of febrile episodes occurred with neutrophil counts of less than 500/mm3, and in the majority of these, less than 100 neutrophils per cubic millmetre. All patients were reverse barrier nursed and on becoming febrile were given 48 hours of parenteral antibiotic therapy. The most common antibiotic combination used was gentamicin and cephalothin. At 48 hours, granulocyte transfusion and a third antibiotic were added to the regimen of patients not responding. The percentage response to antibiotics alone, in this series, at 58% was similar to that of other series, but the mortality experienced was lower.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loss of heterozygosity studies in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies have been pivotal in identifying tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of a number of cancers. In squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region (SCCHN), LOH studies using the Southern blot technique are scarce. METHODS: SCCHNs were obtained immediately after surgical resection from 78 patients. Histologic confirmation was made by frozen section and tumors with less than 50% malignant cells were excluded. DNA was digested with restriction enzymes, and after Southern blotting the membranes were hybridized with radio-labeled probes. Chromosome arms analyzed included 1p, 3p, 4p, Sq, 8p, lOp, 11p, 11q, 13q, 17p, 17q, 18q, 21q, and 22q. RESULTS: The average rate LOH was 25% per chromosome arm. Significantly higher rates of LOH were observed for chromosome arms 5q (56%) and 17p (45%). Other investigators have reported high rates of LOH for the H- ras-1 locus, and chromosome arms 11p, 11q, and 13q. However, these results were not confirmed in this study. For patients with stage 1 or 2 tumors, the overall LOH rate was 13%, and for patients with stage 3 or 4 disease the rate was 23%. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: tumors progress to higher stages, they appear to accumulate an increasing number of genetic abnormalities. Chromosome arms 5q and 17p contain tumor suppressor genes which are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of SCCHN:

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization and distribution of FMRFamide immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system.

FMRFamide immunoreactive material (irFMRFamide) was studied in rat brain and gastrointestinal tract. Highest irFMRFamide concentrations were found in tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and, in the brain, highest concentrations were found in the hippocampus, midbrain, brainstem and hypothalamus. High pressure liquid chromatographic characterization of irFMRFamide demonstrated that the immunoreactive material in brain, pancreas and duodenum was different from molluscan FMRFamide but it was also distinct from any known neuropeptide.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of pro-opiomelanocortin peptides on cyclic AMP and tyrosinase in melanoma cells.

Des-, mono-, and diacetylated melanotropin (des-, mono-, and di-Ac MSH, respectively) were compared for their dose-related effects on content of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and tyrosinase activity in the Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma tumor. Des-Ac MSH was more potent than the acetylated forms of MSH at increasing cellular levels of cAMP; mono- and di-Ac MSHs, however, were more potent than des-Ac MSH at elevating the activity of the enzyme, tyrosinase. Lysine-gamma1 MSH, a melanotropin from the amino terminus of pro-opiomelanocortin, exhibited slight stimulatory effects on tyrosinase and these actions were less than additive to those of mono-Ac MSH. Unlike their actions on amphibian skin-darkening or in mammalian behavior, neither beta-endorphin1-31 nor its derivatives, N-Ac-beta-endorphin1-27 or beta-endorphin30-31 (glycylglutamine), exhibited any influence on tyrosinase activity evoked by mono-Ac MSH in the tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peptide transmitters of primary sensory neurons: similar actions of tachykinins and bombesin-like peptides.

Previous studies have demonstrated that two peptides, substance P (SP) and substance K (SK), are contained in a common prohormone--beta-preprotachykinin. Both peptides are cleaved from the prohormone and appear to coexist throughout the brain. This study evaluated the behavioral activity of SK and compared it to the activities of SP, bombesin (BN), and structurally related peptides. After intraspinal injection, all of the peptides induced "bite/scratch" behaviors, which differed in durations of action. The specific rank order of these durations of action were: BN greater than gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) = ranatensin (RT) greater than neuromedin B (NMB) greater than kassinin (KASS) = SK = SP and ranged from dose-dependent maxima of approximately 2 min (SP) to approximately 100 min (BN). To examine the possibility that differences in durations of action are due to differences in rates of proteolytic degradation, each peptide was incubated in spinal cord homogenates at 37 degrees C, and the degradation rates were monitored by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by bioassay. The lengths of incubation time required to produce approximately 90% degradation of peptide immunoreactivity varied across peptides from less than 5 min (SP) to more than 60 min (BN and RT). Degradation of bioactivity generally paralleled degradation of immunoreactivity. The results of this study suggest that durations of nociceptive effects produced by the peptides tested are due, in part, to their resistance to proteolytic degradation.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CRF and cAMP regulation of POMC gene expression in corticotrophic tumor cells.

The effects of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression were investigated in an anterior pituitary corticotrophic tumor cell line, AtT-20/D16-16. The results of mRNA dot blot hybridization assays suggested that CRF, at a concentration of 10(-7) M, positively regulates the expression of the POMC gene in AtT-20 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. Evaluation of the time course of this effect indicated that CRF had a biphasic mode of action. CRF and alpha-amanitin (inhibitor of RNA polymerase II activity) were also found to affect POMC mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent fashion. Eight-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) produced biphasic effects on POMC mRNA levels, supporting evidence of a role for cAMP as a second messenger in the regulation of POMC gene expression. It was also found that alpha-amanitin negatively regulated basal and CRF-stimulated POMC mRNA levels at both the 2 hr and 24 hr time periods, supporting evidence for positive regulation of POMC by CRF at the transcriptional level.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric considerations in the use of Biobrane in burn wound management.

Biobrane offers a number of advantages as a wound dressing for children. It does not require the use of surgical instruments, noisy distractions, painful manipulation of the wound, or regimented daily dressing changes. Biobrane does offer the pediatric patient with burns immediate comfort and protection and enhances patient compliance and parental satisfaction.

Biocompatible Materials↗