Biomedical subjects

J F Caruso

Publications and source records attributed to J F Caruso.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

An isokinetic investigation of contractile mode's effect on the elbow flexors.

Healthy, sedentary, college-age subjects (n = 16) performed concentric or eccentric maximal unilateral isokinetic (1.08 rad s(-1)) elbow flexor contractions (4 sets of 12 repetitions) to fatigue as physiological data were concurrently collected. Net caloric expenditure was determined using indirect calorimetry, whereas the electromyogram examined root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) values for the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and palmaris longus. Eccentric exercise resulted in significantly greater (p < 0.05) absolute (total work per kilocalorie) and relative (total work per kilocalorie per kilogram) exercise efficiency values. Concentric biceps brachii and brachioradialis RMS values were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than corresponding eccentric values, suggesting greater motor unit recruitment. Concentric MPF values, a measure of motor unit fatigue, showed significantly (p < 0.05) greater before and after decrements following exercise for the biceps brachii and brachioradialis. Greater exercise efficiency with less motor unit recruitment and fatigue results from eccentric exercise.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Resistance exercise countermeasures for space flight: implications of training specificity.

While resistance exercise should be a logical choice for prevention of strength loss during unloading, the principle of training specificity cannot be overlooked. Our purpose was to explore training specificity in describing the effect of our constant load exercise countermeasure on isokinetic strength performance. Twelve healthy men (mean +/- SD: 28.0 +/- 5.2 years, 179.4 +/- 3.9 cm, 77.5 +/- 13.6 kg) were randomly assigned to no exercise or resistance exercise (REX) during 14 days of bed rest. REX performed five sets of leg press exercise to volitional fatigue (6-10 repetitions) every other day. Unilateral isokinetic concentric-eccentric knee extension testing performed before and on day 15 prior to reambulation included torque-velocity and power-velocity relationships at four velocities (0.52, 1.75, 2.97, and 4.19 rad s-1), torque-position relationship, and contractile work capacity (10 repetitions at 1.05 rad s-1). Two (group) x 2 (time) ANOVA revealed no group x time interactions; thus, groups were combined. Across velocities, angle-specific torque fell 18% and average power fell 20% (p < 0.05). No velocity x time or mode (concentric/eccentric) x time interactions were noted. Torque x position decreased on average 24% (p < 0.05). Total contractile work dropped 27% (p < 0.05). Results indicate bed rest induces rapid and marked reductions in strength and our constant load resistance training protocol did not prevent isokinetic strength losses. Differences between closed-chain training and open-chain testing may explain the lack of protection.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Increased muscle strength in paralyzed patients after spinal cord injury: effect of beta-2 adrenergic agonist.

The administration of beta-2 adrenergic agonists in experimental animals result in an increased strength of skeletal muscle. In this study, we evaluated whether a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, metaproterenol, had an effect on muscle size and strength in a group of patients with muscular atrophy following spinal cord injury. Ten male subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups and agreed to participate in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study. Metaproterenol (80 mg/day), or placebo, was administered orally for a period of 4 weeks. Muscle strength was measured by a force transducer interfaced with a microcomputer. Muscle size was calculated and expressed as a cross-sectional area of upper arm and forearm using a formula. Metaproterenol induced a significant increase of muscle strength in both groups of subjects, compared with placebo (p < .001). Similarly, there was an increase in a muscle size in the forearm following the administration of metaproterenol. Our data indicate that beta-2 adrenergic agonists may improve both muscle strength and size in patients with muscular atrophy following spinal cord paralysis.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of DNA extracted from nasal secretions.

The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of blood, semen, and other body fluids, has become increasingly important in violent criminal cases. The identification of additional tissues suitable for comparison with suspected donors has obvious potential benefit. One type of tissue, that found in nasal secretions, has previously received little attention with regards to genetic analysis. We collected blood and nasal secretion samples from eight individuals, subjected them to traditional RFLP typing methods, and analyzed the results using probes for loci D2S44, D1S7, D10S28, D4S139, and D17S79. All nasal samples provided high DNA yields and hybridization results that matched the corresponding blood standards. Thus, nasal secretions are shown to have potentially significant evidentiary value.

Blood↗

PubMed1995

The effects of albuterol and isokinetic exercise on the quadriceps muscle group.

Subjects performed 9 wk of isokinetic knee extensions twice weekly. Albuterol (N = 13) or placebo (N = 9) was administered for 6 wk; groups received 16 mg.d-1 of either treatment. Training consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions at 45 degrees.s-1. Data were collected at weeks 0, 6, and 9. Concentric and eccentric variables examined included: peak torque (CPT, EPT), total work (CTW, ETW), average power (CAP, EAP), time to peak torque (CTTPT, ETTPT), peak torque to body weight ratio (CPT/BW), and work to body weight ratio (CW/BW, EW/BW). Other variables included: thigh circumference (CIRC), thigh cross-sectional area (CSA), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume (FEV1), MANOVA and the Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc found differences within groups for CPT, CTW, CAP, CPR/BW, EPT, ETTPT, and CSA. Interactions were noted for CW/BW, ETW, EAP, EPT/BW, and ETW/BW; with persons administered albuterol yielding superior values. CW/BW, ETW, and EAP showed interactions at post-testing, while EPT/BW and EW/BW interacted at both midtesting and post-testing. Results indicate therapeutic doses of albuterol administered with resistance exercise may augment strength gains.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Deoxyribonucleic acid profiling by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis--a compilation of validation studies.

In preparation for the application of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis methods to casework, validation studies were performed at the Indianapolis-Marion County Forensic Services Agency (IMCFSA). They encompassed the following areas: standard specimens, sample consistency, reproducibility, mixed specimens, environmental insults, minimum sample requirements, non-probative casework, repetitive sizing accuracy, precision and match criteria analysis, and population studies including K562 data analysis. All studies yielded results as expected, were consistent with those previously reported by other laboratories, and formed a strong foundation on which to base future casework analysis.

Blood Stains↗