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Biomedical subjects

J F Coy

Publications and source records attributed to J F Coy.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Rapid identification of gene sequences for transcriptional map assembly by direct cDNA screening of genomic reference libraries.

We have used the direct cDNA screening protocol to identify sequences transcribed in cerebral cortex from a reference library of human Xq28. To derive coding sequences from these genomic clones, we first identified fragments containing transcribed sequences and subjected these to exon trapping or to partial sequencing and analysis by Grail. In a preliminary analysis of three clones, coding sequences from two novel genes expressed in brain were identified. This method allows the rapid identification of coding sequences of genes expressed in specific tissues without recourse to cDNA libraries. The approach is amenable to large scale applications and should be useful for isolating candidate disease genes and in particular for assembling integrated transcriptional maps from large genomic regions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Construction of a transcription map of a 300 kb region around the human G6PD locus by direct cDNA selection.

A transcription map covering a 300 kb region around the G6PD gene in the human Xq28 region was constructed by the direct cDNA selection method and the analysis of the resulting region-specific enriched cDNA sublibrary. Seven new genes and two loci of endogenous retrovirus HERV-K were identified. The distribution of the genes across the region is strongly non-uniform and follows the non-uniform distribution of GpG islands in the area. While one of the novel genes was found to be highly homologous to bovine smg p25A GDP-dissociation inhibitor, the remaining genes did not detect any homology to known genes. The analysis of region-specific cDNA sublibraries represents a simple, rapid and efficient tool for the generation of a regional transcription map.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The growth of healthy Australian infants in relation to infant feeding and social group.

A joint survey of infant-feeding practices and infant growth was carried out in Western Australia and Tasmania in 1984-1985. Birthweights and growth from birth to one year of age were similar in both States and to the international growth references. Infants who were never breast-fed or who were breast-fed for only a short time gained significantly more weight over the year (most of it after the age of three months) than did infants who were breast-fed for six months or longer. Infants from families of a lower socioeconomic group gained more weight after six months of age than did those infants from higher socioeconomic families. Analysis showed that the growth differences between the social groups was a result of differences in feeding practices. Linear growth was similar among infants of all social groups, irrespective of the feeding method.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Growth and catch-up growth of Australian infants of low birthweight.

The growth of 90 infants of low birthweight (1500-2499 g) has been studied longitudinally from birth to 2 years of age. Seventy-five per cent of those infants were of birthweight that was appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) and of mean gestational age 33.6 weeks (boys) and 34.5 weeks (girls). Twenty-four per cent were small-for-gestational age (SGA) and of mean gestational age 39.4 weeks (boys) and 38.5 weeks (girls). The data showed that, when gestational age was considered, the growth of AGA infants was similar to that of full-term infants of normal birthweight; SGA infants displayed accelerated growth ('catch-up'), particularly in the first months of life with upward percentile crossing from below the 5th toward the 50th. These results provide further evidence of the need to consider gestational age and whether AGA or SGA when assessing the growth of low birthweight infants.

Australia↗
PubMed1988

Infant-feeding practices in Western Australia and Tasmania: a joint survey, 1984-1985.

A joint survey of infant-feeding practices that was carried out in Western Australia and Tasmania in 1984-1985 showed a continuing trend back to breast-feeding in both States. In Western Australia and Tasmania, 86% and 81% of mothers, respectively, were breast-feeding their babies on hospital discharge. Forty-five per cent of all mothers were still breast-feeding at six months. The social rank of the family had a significant effect on both the prevalence of breast-feeding and on the length of lactation: more mothers in the higher social groups breast-fed their infants, and for longer periods than did mothers of lower social groups. Few infants were introduced to solid foods before three months of age; however, solid and non-milk foods were introduced earlier to infants who were fed artificially than those who were breast-fed.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1986

Longitudinal growth study of Tasmanian children, 1967-1983. The 13-, 14- and 15-year-old girls.

This study updates the heights and weights of sexually mature and immature girls aged 13, 14 and 15 years in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Growth Study. Problems arose when their heights and weights were plotted on the NHMRC standard distributions (1970-1972 NSW percentiles) in order to assess whether or not they were normal. The current NHMRC standards are not adequate for adolescent girls and should be replaced by separate charts for mature and immature girls, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comparative study over a 12 year period of the weights of Tasmanian children from birth to 3 years of age.

Comparisons of weight data obtained from surveys of Tasmanian children born in 1967-68, 1974 and 1979 suggest no change in birthweights but a significant decrease in weights at 1 year of age over this period. Evidence is presented to show that an observed increase in the incidence and duration of breastfeeding over the period may account for part of the decline in these weights but that other factors must also be involved. By 3 years of age there was very little difference between the weight distributions over the 12 year period.

Australia↗
PubMed1983

Breastfeeding and oral contraceptives: Tasmanian survey.

A survey of 772 Tasmanian mothers was carried out to determine whether there was any connection between the mother's use of oral contraceptives and her ability to breastfeed her child. It was found that 80% of the 243 mothers combining breastfeeding with the use of oral contraceptives were able to breastfeed their children for at least 3 months. Of these, all but 15 mothers used pills containing only progestagen. It is concluded that the progestagen-only oral contraceptive is compatible with lactation and that a mother using this type of pill will probably be able to breastfeed her baby.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Longitudinal growth study of tasmanian children. The ten-year-olds.

The data obtained at the 10-year examination of children in a longitudinal growth study are presented. The heights and weights of children appear to be comparable with those of children in other regions, but certain ethnic, social and economic factors as well as elapsed time have to be considered. From the percentages of overweight boys and girls at each of various years of the child's development--namely, birth, one year, three years, seven years and 10 years--it is shown that there is no one period in which children are likely to become overweight. Birth weight was found to be of minor importance in determining a child's weight at 10 years of age. Many children have wrong concepts about their own weight status.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Longitudinal growth study of Tasmanian children. 2. The seven-year-olds.

A longitudinal growth study of Tasmanian children, involving 1,114 infants born between September 1, 1967, and August 31, 1968, has continued into the seventh year during 1974-1975, when measurements of height and weight were recorded on the 898 remaining children that could be traced. A portion of the results is presented here. The main findings is that a high percentage of children who are overweight at the age of three years is likely to be overweight at seven years. Birth weight is not an important factor in determining the weight of a seven-year-old. Children over the 90th percentile at age three years are, on the average, more than 5 kg heavier at seven years than children between the 10th and 90th percentiles at three years. The seven-year-old weights themselves do not appear to have altered in the past two decades, being virtually identical to those in the 1957 Standard Tables for Australian Children.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fhit expression is absent or reduced in a subset of primary head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: The inactivation of the FHIT gene at 3p14.2 by various mechanisms might be of importance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Most reports are based on DNA and RNA findings of intragenic deletions and abnormal transcripts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To study the protein expression of this putative tumour suppressor gene, we analysed 48 HNSCCs by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody (ZR44). The results were compared with mutation analysis, clinical data and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) data at 3p14.2. RESULTS: Complete absence of Fhit expression was detected in 8 out of 48 of tumours (17%) and 3 tumours (6%) showed heterogenous staining. The overall frequency of LOH for microsatellite D3S1234 was 64% and 5/7 of Fhit negative tumours exhibited LOH. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide further evidence that FHIT is inactivated in a subtype of HNSCC; however, the incidence of lack of Fhit expression compared to the high frequency of LOH on chromosome 3p supports the notion of additional tumour suppressor genes at 3p14.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic discordance between primary tumours and metastases of head and neck cancer detected by microsatellite analysis.

Very little is known about possible intra-tumoural genetic heterogeneity between primary tumours and lymph node metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To investigate this phenomenon, we analysed 96 micro-dissected tumour samples for allelic imbalance at four of the most frequently altered chromosomal locations in HNSCC (3p14.2; 9p21; 11q23.3; 17p13.1) using microsatellite markers. From 23 patients, matched pairs of primary tumour and lymph node metastasis were analysed. Discordance in the allelic distribution was identified in 8 cases (35%). With one exception, the metastasis contained a more balanced allelic status than the primary tumour. In contrast, in a group of 25 tumours with two anatomically different samples from the primary tumour site, discordance was identified in only 3 tumours (13%). These results are compatible with the dissemination of subclones from the primary tumour site with a more balanced allelotype in the metastasis. In our opinion, several scenarios could explain this phenomenon. From a clinical point of view, genetic discordance between the metastasis and the primary tumour must be taken into consideration when establishing molecular biologic markers for choice of therapy and prognosis in head and neck cancer.

Allelic Imbalance↗