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Biomedical subjects

J F Delfraissy

Publications and source records attributed to J F Delfraissy.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Acute kidney failure: age is not a factor in the prognosis].

The mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) remains distressingly high despite intensive dialysis and remarkable advances in critical care medicine. This lack of survival improvement may be due to an increased frequency of septic ARF and/or the association with multiple organ dysfunction. The role of age, as a factor indicative of a poor prognosis is a matter of controversy. To evaluate this role we have analysed the final outcome of 103 patients with ARF treated between october 1978 and february 1982 by one or more hemodialysis. The average age was 65.1 +/- 14.9 years (mean +/- standard deviation): 64 patients were over 65 years of age (74.7 +/- 10.2), 39 were under this age (47.5 +/- 14.4). Septic causes were found in 64 cases. Sixty eight patients (66%) died during the period of ARF. Mortality was 67% in patients under 65 years of age and 66% in patients over this age (p greater than 0.90). The outcome of septic ARF was independent of age (mortality rate: 79% for patients less than 65 years, 81% for patients greater than 65 years (p greater than 0.90)). The poor prognosis is probably related to multiple organ dysfunction and specially to acute respiratory distress (89% mortality). It can be concluded that patient's age does not worsen the prognosis of ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

[Immunologic deficiency linked to aging. Role of monocytes].

The capacity of mononuclear cells from individuals over 70 years of age to mount a primary in vitro antibody response is profoundly decreased. We show that the removal of a nylon-adherent cell restores this response. The suppressor cell is plastic adherent, phagocytic non-T and radio-resistant, thus probably a monocyte. Its effect is inhibited by indomethacin, which suggests that its action if mediated by prostaglandins.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immediate effects of captopril in acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction.

In eight patients with acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction the haemodynamic effects of captopril (25 mg), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, were measured. Haemodynamic modifications were maximal at 60 min and lasted for 2-3 h. Pulmonary wedge pressure fell from 23.5 +/- 4.9 (mean +/- SD) to 16.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg (P less than 0.01), cardiac output rose from 3.24 +/- 1 to 4.05 +/- 0.91 1/min (P less than 0.01). Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 27.34 +/- 3.81 to 17.52 +/- 1.65 mmHg min l-1 (P less than 0.01). Mean arterial pressure fell from 89.6 +/- 13.9 to 75.7 +/- 16.3 mmHg (P less than 0.001) while heart rate was not significantly modified. Six patients who had high pretreatment plasma renin activity values responded by a decrease in ventricular filling pressure and/or an increase in cardiac output. One patient with normal initial plasma renin activity value showed similar haemodynamic effects. THese data suggest that in the short term captopril is a vasodilator with both arterial and venous effects and improves cardiac function in acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Depressed primary in vitro antibody response in untreated systemic lupus erythematosus. T helper cell defect and lack of defective suppressor cell function.

The in vitro antibody response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 19 patients with untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that of 20 control patients and 44 normal subjects. Trinitrophenyl polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) were used to induce IgM anti-TNP plaque-forming cells. SLE patients displayed a markedly depressed, and in most instances virtually absent, response. This was not due to an unusual kinetics of the response; nor could it be induced by preincubation of SLE patients' PBL. In co-cultures of SLE patients and normal PBL, the former, with few exceptions, did not exert a suppressive effect. In four patients the anti-TNP response of either unfractionated or T-depleted SLE PBL could be restored by T cells from a normal individual. Conversely in three of these patients, SLE T cells could not support the response of normal B cells, suggesting a T helper cell defect in SLE PBL. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cells of the antibody response could be assayed by two approaches: (a) in responder SLE patients, by the direct addition of Con A to TNP-PAA-stimulated cultures; (b) in seven patients by transfer of Con A-activated cells to the responding culture of a normal allogeneic donor. In both cases SLE PBL were able to exert a suppressive effect to the same extent as normal PBL.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Age-related impairment of the in vitro antibody response in the human.

We have used trinitrophenyl polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) to induce a primary in vitro antibody response toward TNP in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from aged individuals. The response was virtually non-existent whereas PBL from young control individuals were able to respond. Recombination experiments showed that: (1) aged PBL did not suppress the response of young PBL; (2) young T cells enhanced the response of aged (unfractionated or T-depleted) cells; (3) aged T cells were unable to restore the response of young T-depleted cells, in contrast to young allogeneic T cells. Upon stimulation with Concanavalin A (Con A) aged PBL displayed a moderately diminished proliferative response and a normal ability to suppress the anti-TNP response of autologous PBL (in the few responders). However, contrasting with young PBL they could not suppress the anti-TNP response of young allogeneic PBL.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Fulminant pneumococcemia in two splenectomized patients (author's transl)].

Two cases (one fatal) of fulminant pneumococcemia in splenectomized patients are reported. One patient had undergone splenectomy for intra-operative injury, the other for Hodgkin's disease. The cases presented here are compared to those we have reviewed from the medical literature. The role of prophylactic antibiotics and polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is considered in splenectomized patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Exploration of humoral immunity in man using blood lymphocytes cultures (author's transl)].

New methods allow the study of humoral immunity in man using blood lymphocyte cultures. A primary in vitro antibody response can be induced, characterized by the appearance of antibody forming cells, and its pattern is as follows: stringent culture requirements, which have been so far obtained in few laboratories; the kinetics of the response, with a peak on day 7--8; and exclusively IgM response; a T-cell requirement. Among these methods, the model we have described has the advantage of allowing a reproductible response in a given individual. The in vitro study of humoral immunity has limitations, the most apparent of which is that it addresses itself to only one lymphoid population, that in peripheral blood, easily accessible. It presents several advantages, as compared to an in vivo study after injection of an antigen: absence of ethical problem; the necessity of only one blood sample, at a given time, avoiding the interference of a treatment started after the test; the possibility of performing successive primary stimulations for a longitudinal study.

Acrylamides↗