PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J F Dessanges

Publications and source records attributed to J F Dessanges.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Azelastine reduces allergen-induced nasal response: a clinical and rhinomanometric assessment.

The effect of azelastine 2 mg b.d. p.o. for 10 days on grass pollen-induced nasal responses in 16 patients with grass pollen allergic rhinitis has been assessed. The study was a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, crossover trial, with a 10-14 day wash-out period. Patients were challenged with grass pollen before and after placebo and azelastine. The response was assessed by measurement of nasal resistance using active posterior rhinomanometry, by weighing nasal secretions, and by counting sneezes. The sensation of nasal obstruction was assessed with a visual analogue scale. After measurement of baseline total nasal resistance, doubling doses of allergen were sprayed into both nostrils at 15 min intervals until the nasal resistance was doubled. Cumulative doses of allergen that doubled prechallenge nasal resistance, numbers of sneezes and the amounts of nasal secretions were similar before azelastine as well as before and after placebo (cumulative dose, mean, (microgram): 2.3, 4.2 and 2.1 respectively, N.S.). After azelastine, the cumulative dose of allergen was increased (7.3 micrograms), and nasal secretions and the number of sneezes were decreased. The visual analogue scores were similar before and after azelastine as well as before and after the placebo. It is concluded that azelastine reduced the allergen-induced nasal responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Cough and bronchial obstruction induced by citric acid in smokers, occasional smokers and non-smokers].

We have studied cough and bronchial constriction induced by inhaling citric acid in 15 smokers with baseline airflow obstruction, in 13 occasional smokers and 13 non smokers. The threshold for cough was significantly higher in occasional smokers in relation to smokers and non smokers. Citric acid produced the same degree of bronchial constriction at the same time in smokers and occasional smokers: the maximum fall in forced expired volume (FEV1-VEMS) was recorded five seconds after inhalation of the citric acid (dose threshold) and there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the non smokers, the maximum fall in VEMS was recorded twenty seconds after inhalation of the citric acid and was significantly less in relation to that of the smokers and occasional smokers. In the smokers the degree of smoking could influence the fall of VEMS (% predicted). Cough and bronchial constriction after the inhalation of citric acid are probably related to different physiological mechanisms and are linked to the history of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide during extradural anaesthesia with lignocaine and fentanyl.

Twenty-seven patients undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy or knee arthroscopy received extradural anaesthesia with 2% lignocaine plus adrenaline 1 in 200,000. They were allocated randomly to three groups, one receiving no fentanyl (n = 6), the two others receiving fentanyl 50 micrograms either extradurally (n = 15) or i.v. (n = 6). Three tests of sensitivity to carbon dioxide (Read's method) were performed successively on each patient: before operation and at 1 and 2 h after the extradural injection. Whereas lignocaine and adrenaline alone had no significant effects on basal ventilation and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide, extradural fentanyl caused a slight reduction in resting ventilatory rate and ventilation at 1 and 2 h with no change in resting end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. In addition, the slope of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was reduced slightly at 1 h and ventilation at end-tidal PCO2 of 7.3 kPa was reduced also at 1 and 2 h. Conversely, the same dose of fentanyl i.v. had lesser and shorter effects on ventilation at rest and during carbon dioxide rebreathing. Our results show that fentanyl 50 micrograms given extradurally caused slight ventilatory depression which is probably clinically unimportant.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Local cellular and humoral responses to antigenic and distilled water challenge in subjects with allergic rhinitis.

We studied nasal responses to allergen, saline, and distilled water aerosol in 7 subjects with allergic rhinitis to determine whether they caused a similar release of mediators and influx of inflammatory cells into the nasal lumen. The subjects were challenged first with allergen and then with aerosols of distilled water and of normal saline in random order on separate days. We measured nasal airway resistance (Rn) by posterior rhinomanometry, measured the concentrations of protein, histamine, leukotrienes (LT) B4, C4, and D4, and platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) and performed total and differential cell counts in nasal lavage fluid obtained before and after each challenge. Allergen challenge provoked a 2-fold or greater increase in nasal airway resistance in all subjects (mean increase = 12.2-fold). This response was associated with significant increases in protein, histamine, LTB4, and sulfidopeptide leukotrienes. 2-lyso-PAF-acether increased significantly, indicating activation of phospholipase A2, but PAF-acether was detected in only one subject. The total cell count increased from 55 +/- 44 x 10(3)/ml to 200 +/- 168 x 10(3)/ml; polymorphonuclear neutrophils increased from 11 +/- 22 x 10(3)/ml to 108 +/- 96 x 10(3)/ml, and eosinophils increased from 1.3 +/- 1.8 x 10(3)/ml to 10.6 +/- 15.3 x 10(3)/ml (p less than 0.05). Saline insufflation provoked insignificant changes in mean Rn, in the levels of protein and all inflammatory mediators, and in the number and types of cells in nasal lavage fluid. Distilled water insufflation also provoked an insignificant increase in mean Rn, but there was a 14-fold increase in one subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nasal response to substance P and methacholine in subjects with and without allergic rhinitis.

We compared the rise in nasal airway resistance (NAR) provoked by topical application of substance P (SP) and of methacholine (MCH) in seventeen patients suffering from rhinitis and fourteen control subjects. Challenges with SP or MCH were separated by a week or more. NAR was measured by posterior rhinomanometry before and 10 min after intranasal administration of SP (10-40 nmol) or MCH (3-12 mumol). The two groups of subjects had similar baseline levels of NAR and similar small responses to buffered saline. Substance P but not MCH provoked cutaneous flushing in all subjects. Both SP and MCH provoked a significantly greater increase in NAR in patients suffering from rhinitis than in control subjects. The increase in NAR was dose-dependent, and on a molar basis, SP was 375-500-fold more potent than MCH. Pretreatment with 200 micrograms of a topically active anticholinergic agent, oxytropium bromide, prevented the rise in NAR caused by 12 mumol of MCH but not that caused by 40 nmol of SP in six patients suffering from rhinitis. We conclude that SP is absorbed across the nasal mucosa and causes cutaneous vasodilation, that MCH and SP cause a greater rise in NAR in patients suffering from rhinitis than in control subjects, that SP is about 500-fold more potent than MCH in increasing NAR, and that the rise in NAR caused by SP is not mediated by postganglionic parasympathetic mechanisms.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1987

The arteriovenous fistula in segmental pancreatic transplantation in dogs--a hemodynamic study.

Arterial and/or venous thrombosis is a frequent complication in experimental or human pancreatic transplantation. A canine experiment was used to study the hemodynamic effects of spleno-splenic arteriovenous fistula during segmental pancreatic transplantation. An increase in blood flow, without "steal" syndrome in the pancreatic blood supply or pressure increase, was found. Thus this technique can help prevent vascular thrombosis in pancreatic transplant in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative Doppler blood flow measurement method and in vivo calibration.

Femoral blood flow (FBF) was measured in seven dogs, simultaneously with both an electromagnetic perivascular probe and a transcutaneous range gated Doppler velocimeter. Measurements were made in basal conditions and during intraarterial infusions of noradrenaline (10 to 400 ng . kg-1 . min-1) and isoprenaline (10 to 400 ng . kg-1 . min-1) thus allowing comparisons of ultrasonic (DBF) and electromagnetic (EMBF) blood flow at 91 different blood flow rates ranging from 5 to 300 cm3 . min-1. The linear regression line through the data of ultrasonic and electromagnetic simultaneous measurement was: DBF = 0.8 + 1.016 EMBF +/- 19.0 cm3 . min-1 with a highly significant correlation (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001) but there was a wide scattering about the mean. Errors in DBF were mainly due to positioning of the probe and determination of arterial diameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of catecholamines in blood flow in arteries of distribution].

In large arteries, distributing blood to an area (hind leg of dog), the vasomotor substances (catecholamines) induce differences in flow. In case of state of vasoconstriction, the mean velocity of flow decreases, while the amplitude of pulsatile flow and the pressure increase. The radial expansion is wider. In case of state of dilatation, inverse reactions are observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of localized heat on blood flow in arteries of distribution].

In large arteries distributing blood to an area (hind leg of dog), local heat induces a vasodilatation. The mechanical reactions (variations of mean velocity of flow and amplitude of pulsatile flow) express a distal dilatation. Radial expansion responds in original way (pulsation become uniform).

Animals↗