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Biomedical subjects

J F Fessler

Publications and source records attributed to J F Fessler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Treatment of supraspinous bursitis by use of debridement in standing horses: 10 cases (1968-1999).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of debridement for treatment of supraspinous bursitis in horses and to evaluate the outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 horses with clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, anamnesis, results of physical and radiographic examination, microbial culture results of supraspinous bursa tissue or exudate, Brucella abortus titers, type of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, surgical technique, complications of the surgical procedure, and findings on histologic examination of excised nuchal ligament and bursal tissue. Telephone follow-up with owners, trainers, or referring veterinarians was performed. RESULTS: The described surgical technique was effective in resolving drainage from the supraspinous bursal region in 5 of 6 horses available for long-term follow-up. The most common complication following surgery was the development of purulent wound drainage. Two horses required multiple surgeries to resolve clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis. The most common organism isolated from the supraspinous bursa was beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. All horses were discharged from the hospital and long-term follow-up was available for 6 horses. All 6 horses could be used for their intended use. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Debridement in standing horses is an effective method of resolving clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on cardiopulmonary function in a porcine model of endotoxin-induced shock.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether continuous venovenous hemofiltration, proposed to remove inflammatory mediators from circulation, would resolve cardiopulmonary derangements in a model of established endotoxic shock. ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal pigs. PROCEDURE: Endotoxin was infused, IV, into anesthetized pigs for a total of 50 minutes. Thirty minutes after termination of the infusion period, extracorporeal circulation was initiated through a 50-kd diafilter, or past the filter without ultrafiltrate formation. Cardiac and respiratory variables were monitored for a period of 4 hours. RESULTS: Infusion of lipopolysaccharide resulted in a severe hypodynamic circulatory state, with significant decreases in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output concurrent with a significant increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. Hemofiltration was not associated with any correction of lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiopulmonary derangements. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration, as used in this acute experiment, did not improve cardiopulmonary dysfunction during endotoxic shock. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration needs further investigation before it can be recommended as a clinically effective treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Decision making in ruminant orthopedics.

Decision making in ruminant orthopedics is determined by many factors, the most of important of which is age, size, and value of the patient, the nature of the injury, the prognosis for effective treatment and satisfactory healing, the intentions of the client, and the experiences of the veterinarian. Ruminant orthopedics currently is expanding to include the treatment of llamas and small ruminants as companion animals in addition to the treatment of valuable livestock. The future promises increasing sophistication in treatments and an ever higher quality of patient care.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of fractures of the tibia and radius-ulna by external coaptation.

External coaptation of radial-ulnar and tibial fractures with casts or modified Thomas splint-cast combinations is a useful treatment. The economics of therapy make this method of treatment feasible for commercial animals. Current estimates for the cost of treatment of tibial fractures with Thomas splint-cast combinations are $225.00 for calves and $410.00 for cattle if the metal splints are reused. Casts have similar costs. The availability of external coaptation techniques to all veterinarians and the success of treatment make external coaptation a good method for the treatment of many tibial and radial-ulnar fractures in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Squamous cell carcinoma associated with a chronic wound in a horse.

A 13-year-old Belgian stallion developed a squamous cell carcinoma at the site of a neck laceration that had been treated topically with various irritating chemicals for 18 months. Orthovoltage treatments at 3 times over 5 years controlled the tumor. Eight years after the initial hospitalization, the area was healed and the stallion appeared healthy.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1992

Potential use of simple manganese salts as antioxidant drugs in horses.

The scavenging of superoxide radicals by endogenous and therapeutically administered superoxide dismutases may prevent superoxide-mediated oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation, membrane lysis, and cell death in a wide variety of normal and pathologic states. Simple inorganic manganous salts such as MnCl2 also have superoxide dismutase-like activity and are extremely inexpensive, compared with enzymatic superoxide dismutase preparations. In this study, we explored the use of Mn salts as antioxidant drugs. We used the percentage of inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by superoxide as a measure of the amount of superoxide dismutase-like activity. We found concentration-related increases in superoxide scavenging activity in simple buffer solutions upon addition of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 microM MnSO4. To determine whether Mn salts can inhibit oxidative damage in tissues, we used an in vitro model of lipid peroxidation in ischemic and reoxygenated rat liver slices. Concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 mumoles MnCl2/L of buffer significantly decreased indicators of lipid peroxidation believed to be initiated by intracellular superoxide. We then determined the effectiveness of MnCl2 as a superoxide scavenger in conscious horses by measuring the superoxide scavenging ability of equine plasma before and during intravenous infusions of 1.0 L volumes of 0.9% saline solution containing 0, 12.5, or 25 mM MnCl2. Plasma Mn concentrations, which were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, increased as a function of time and dose. Intravenously administered MnCl2 concomitantly produced dose-related increases in superoxide scavenging ability of equine plasma at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the onset of infusion, compared with preinfusion control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

The effects of soman poisoning in combination with hypovolemic shock.

Hemorrhage is a cause of death in both combat and civilian injuries. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) to determine the pathophysiologic effects of combined injuries from sublethal amounts of an organophosphate (soman) along with hypovolemic shock, and (2) to determine the efficacy of atropine sulfate and pralidoxime (2-PAM) therapy for organophosphate poisoning when combined injuries occur. Four groups of six beagle dogs/group were used: Group V/H, vehicle administration followed by hemorrhage; Group S/H, soman administration followed by hemorrhage; Group S/A/H, soman followed by antidote (atropine and 2-PAM) and then hemorrhage; and Group S, soman only. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, hemodynamic parameters, regional blood flow, plasma enzyme, and hematological changes were monitored. Soman rapidly decreased AChE activity in RBCs, plasma, and brain tissue. Treatment with atropine and 2-PAM resulted in only slight reactivation of AChE; they helped maintain blood gases, cortisol, plasma enzymes, inspiratory volume, and blood pressure nearer baseline values. The effects of combined injuries appear to be greater than those of either injury alone. This was indicated by increased plasma lactate, plasma enzymes indicative of tissue damage (aspartate amine transferase and creatine kinase), and increased lethality in dogs subjected to both soman and hemorrhage (5/12 died). All dogs subjected to only one insult survived the 6-hr experiment.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1991

Transcutaneous determination of tissue dihematoporphyrin ether content. A device to optimize photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy involves the use of light of appropriate wavelength to excite a photosensitizer resulting in tissue destruction. The photosensitizer dihematoporphyrin ether is selectively retained in tumors allowing for tumor destruction while sparing normal structures. Accessibility of skin tumors makes them well suited for photodynamic therapy. Tissue and tumor dihematoporphyrin ether content is estimated based on the amount of dihematoporphyrin ether administered. In our study, skin dihematoporphyrin ether content was measured in guinea pigs transcutaneously by a hand-held fluorometer and compared with dihematoporphyrin ether determinations done on skin biopsy specimens. Fluorometry was performed on guinea pigs receiving 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg of dihematoporphyrin ether. Transcutaneous measurements of skin fluorescence increased with increasing dihematoporphyrin ether dose and correlated well with skin dihematoporphyrin ether content as determined by extracting dihematoporphyrin ether from skin samples. Transcutaneous fluorescent measurements of guinea pigs given 0 and 2.5, 2.5 and 5, 5 and 10, and 10 and 25 mg/kg of dihematoporphyrin ether differed in a statistically significant manner. Transcutaneous fluorometric determination of dihematoporphyrin ether content and extraction of dihematoporphyrin ether from skin samples were able to reflect differences in dihematoporphyrin ether dosing and presumably skin dihematoporphyrin ether content. However, transcutaneous fluorometry provides an instantaneous estimate of tissue dihematoporphyrin ether without the need for a tissue sample. This may provide a clinical tool to predict more accurately the optimal light dose necessary to maximize photodynamic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Full-length diaphyseal sequestrum as a consequence of segmental transverse fractures of the large metatarsal bone in a calf.

A 1-week-old calf was treated for fractured right metatarsus; however, at 3.5 months of age, the fracture site again became unstable. Radiography disclosed segmental transverse metatarsal fractures with an isolated, full-circumference diaphyseal sequestrum. Arteriography and nuclear scintigraphy confirmed the isolation and necrosis of the diaphyseal segment. Diaphyseal sequestra usually develop as cortical or partial circumferential necrotic fragments. The finding of a full-length diaphyseal sequestrum was unusual.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of acute alcohol intake on tolerance to hypotension.

The specific aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that intoxication with alcohol results in poor tolerance to hemorrhage. This was evaluated on the basis of blood pressure, cardiac output respiratory rate, blood flow to organs, and survival for 4 hr after hemorrhage. Four groups of six swine per group were used (control, intoxicated, hemorrhage, and intoxicated-hemorrhage). The results revealed that blood alcohol concentrations near 0.1% greatly reduced tolerance to hemorrhage. Intoxicated animals subjected to hemorrhage were unable to maintain an adequate cardiac output, blood pressure, or respiratory rate to sustain life. Pigs tolerated higher blood alcohol concentrations, up to 0.35%, when not exposed to hemorrhage. Also, unintoxicated pigs were able to compensate for severe hemorrhage. Only one of the six pigs in the intoxicated-hemorrhage group survived for 4 hr after hemorrhage. In conclusion the body's ability to compensate and recover from hemorrhage was greatly reduced during intoxication. It is logical to assume that the ability to overcome numerous other stressors may also be reduced during intoxication.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1989

Hoof injuries.

Major surgery for wounds of the foot, compared with other parts of the body, requires a more detailed preparation and a more persistent aftercare. To approach severe hoof wounds with a routine applicable to drainage of a subsolar abscess is doomed to failure! Yet, in dealing with referral cases of hoof wounds, particularly those that have become chronic, the author has observed that the principles have been ignored and/or the routines inadequate. The hoof has a suitable capacity to heal, with complete reformation of hoof structures, if a healing environment is maintained for a long enough period of time. For severe wounds, such time must be measured in months. A lack of attentiveness to the principles of hoof wound care and impatience during convalescence are the reasons for persistent lameness or for the formation of chronic hoof defects. The amount of hoof loss or the presence of distal phalangeal and/or deep digital flexor tendon exposure are not limiting factors to a successful outcome. Also, the initial assessment of the wound may not present an accurate picture of the eventual outcome. Both the veterinarian and the client may need to be committed to the horse's care for weeks or months before the final result is apparent; however, experience and faithful commitment help to avoid misjudgments in the selection of cases for follow-through. After healing, the resultant hoof frequently has far less functional or cosmetic impairment than might seem apparent at the outset. Most hoof wounds respond to proper therapy and recover without a hoof wall defect. The time lapse between injury and definitive care is critical. The amount of hoof loss and the exposure of deep foot structures are less critical. Such cases should be handled as a high priority, if not on an emergency basis. Prolonged delay is to be feared; contamination becomes infection, which extends, over time, to deeper, vital structures of the foot, with an unfavorable impact on the prognosis. Deep, penetrating wounds that invade the podotrochlea require early, even emergency, attention in order to avoid permanent debility, mortality, or euthanasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Plasma endotoxin concentrations in experimental and clinical equine subjects.

Endotoxin (LPS) was quantitated in experimental subjects and in horses with naturally occurring gastrointestinal strangulation obstruction and/or septicaemic diseases to establish the fate of LPS and the clinical usefulness of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The assay was validated for sensitivity (10 pg/ml), recovery (90 to 106 per cent), intra-assay precision (CV = 5.5 per cent) inter-assay precision (CV = 11 per cent), and stability of diluted, heat treated, frozen samples (at least 90 days). Plasma concentrations of LPS after sublethal (3 micrograms/kg) jugular or portal vein bolus injections of LPS rose to 4000 pg/ml and 1500 pg/ml respectively followed by a rapid phase of clearance. Peak plasma concentrations of LPS, associated with slow portal infusion, were lower than peak values associated with bolus injections, remained elevated during the infusion (2 h), but rapidly decreased after infusion was stopped. Thirty seven horses with 38 episodes of naturally occurring gastrointestinal or septicaemic disease were assayed for LPS. Eight episodes involving gastrointestinal disease and eight involving septicaemic disease were positive for LPS. It is concluded that the LAL assay is sensitive and reliable for detecting LPS in equine plasma and it may have clinical value for establishing the severity of endotoxaemia or for distinguishing between septic and non-septic conditions. Problems of rapid clearance of LPS from plasma, low concentrations, the possibility of sample contamination, and the time and method of sample procurement remain to be addressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Heterotopic polyodontia in horses: nine cases (1969-1986).

Nine horses with heterotopic polyodontia, examined at Purdue University since 1969, were treated surgically and had a favorable outcome. Six of the horses had received prior medical or surgical treatment, but without success. An understanding of the congenital nature of the problem contributed to an accurate diagnosis in each case. General anesthesia, aseptic technique, removal of all aberrant tissue, and wound suture for primary healing appeared to be essential for preserving ear function and obtaining an effective treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hemodynamics, plasma eicosanoid concentrations, and plasma biochemical changes in calves given multiple injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Twelve male neonatal calves (39 to 50 kg) were allotted to 3 groups of 4 calves each. All calves were anesthetized with halothane, and then Escherichia coli endotoxin was given intravenously (3 times) and intraperitoneally (3 times) during a 6-hour period. Group-1 calves were untreated, group-2 calves were pretreated with a low dose of flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight), and group-3 calves were pretreated with a high dose of flunixin meglumine (4.4 mg/kg). In calves of group 1, the mean systemic arterial blood pressure (MABP) and cardiac output (CO) decreased, but pulmonary arterial pressure increased after the initial intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of endotoxin. In calves of this group, these changes were accompanied by increased plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentration. During this period, increased plasma TxB2 concentration or hemodynamic changes were not detected in calves of groups 2 and 3. Only calves of group 1 had altered hemodynamics early in the experiment; however, after 6 hours, calves of all 3 groups had similarly decreased CO and MABP. In calves of the untreated group, plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha concentration increased steadily from the beginning of the experiment until 3 hours later. The CO and MABP were low at the time when serum 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration was high; however, these 2 measurements also were low in treated calves who did not have correspondingly high plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration. Regional blood flow analysis did not reveal correlations between prostanoid concentrations and altered blood flow to selected tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1987

Umbilical cord remnant infections in foals: 16 cases (1975-1985).

Infection of the umbilical cord remnants was diagnosed in 16 foals. The infection was found in the urachus alone in 3 foals, the umbilical arteries in 2 foals, the urachus and umbilical arteries in 3 foals, the urachus and umbilical vein in 2 foals, and the urachus, umbilical vein, and umbilical arteries in 2 foals. The specific location of the infection was not determined in 4 foals. Eleven foals developed an acquired patent urachus between 4 and 16 days of age. Seven foals had one or more joints infected. All foals with umbilical cord remnant infections were treated with orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously administered antibiotics and 9 foals had the umbilical cord remnants excised. Nine foals survived, 6 of which had had excision of the infected remnants. Only 2 foals with joint infections survived.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The efficacy of dexamethasone and flunixin meglumine in treating endotoxin-induced changes in calves.

Eicosanoids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of endotoxic shock. Drugs which alter eicosanoid production such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are beneficial in treating endotoxic shock. Experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, and/or flunixin meglumine, a NSAID, in treating endotoxin-induced changes in calves. Fourteen male calves were assigned to one of four treatment groups: group 1, endotoxin-untreated; group 2, endotoxin-flunixin meglumine treated; group 3, endotoxin-dexamethasone-treated; group 4, endotoxin-flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone-treated. Each calf was given three intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of E. coli endotoxin. Hemodynamic, blood gas, blood chemical and eicosanoid level determinations were obtained. Thirty minutes after endotoxin injection, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased and cardiac output (CO) decreased compared with baseline, corresponding to increased thromboxaneB2 levels in groups 1 and 3. These groups exhibited a decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) at three and five hours corresponding to increased 6-keto-prostaglandinF1 alpha. The MAP, PAP and CO of group 4 remained near baseline for the entire six hours, except for a late drop in MAP. Lactic acid levels were significantly increased and arterial bicarbonate levels were reduced by six hours in all groups except for group 4. These results indicate that the combination treatment of flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone prevents many of the metabolic derangements observed during endotoxic shock in calves.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗