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Biomedical subjects

J F Fessler

Publications and source records attributed to J F Fessler.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effects of dexamethasone on endotoxin shock in the anesthetized pony: hematologic, blood gas, and coagulation changes.

The effects of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg of body weight) on hematologic, blood gas, and blood coagulation values in anesthetized ponies during endotoxin-induced shock were evaluated. Fifteen ponies were assigned to 3 groups of 5 ponies each: group 1, anesthetized nontreated and dexamethasone-treated controls; group 2, endotoxin, nontreated; group 3, endotoxin, dexamethasone treated. The hematologic changes in this endotoxin shock model included leukopenia and hemoconcentration. Significant hematologic effects were not seen in ponies after administration of dexamethasone. However, dexamethasone treatment resulted in an increased trend in total WBC counts and neutrophils. The blood gas changes reflected a respiratory component resulting from anesthesia and a greater metabolic component from the endotoxemia. The plasma lactate increase was significantly (P less than 0.05) less in ponies treated with dexamethasone, compared with plasma lactate in non-treated ponies. During endotoxin shock, the changes observed in the blood coagulation values included a significant (P less than 0.05) prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time and an insignificant prolongation of the prothrombin time. Dexamethasone treatment prevented prolongation of thrombin time and permitted only a mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. Seemingly, corticosteroids are useful in the treatment of clinical endotoxin shock in horses as indicated by their desirable effects on total WBC, neutrophils, cellular metabolism, and blood coagulation.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1981

External cardiovascular resuscitation of the anesthetized pony.

External cardiac massage and concomitant respiratory support were used successfully 6 of 8 anesthetized ponies sustaining unexpected cardiac arrest while being used in a study of shock. Approximately 20 thoracic compressions/min maintained systolic and diastolic aortic blood pressures in excess of 50% of the corresponding base-line values in 5 ponies. The high success rate was attributed to early recognition of the problem, the small size of the patient, and the relatively short duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (average, 2.9 minutes). It was concluded that external cardiac message can be effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in selected equine patients that have sustained cardiac arrest.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1981

Endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes in ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine.

A study was made of flunixin meglumine, an analgesic agent with antiinflammatory and antiprostaglandin activity, for the management of endotoxin-induced cardiovascular derangements. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: controls--group 1; given endotoxin but not treated--group 2; and given endotoxin and treated with flunixin meglumine--group 3. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with IV injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Hemodynamic changes were monitored, and regional blood flow was determined at 4 different times, using microspheres labeled with 1 of 4 nuclides. There were extensive vasodilation and decreased blood return to the heart of group 2 ponies, as indicated by decreased mean arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure and by increased heart rate and cardiac output. Blood flow, as determined by radioactive microspheres, to gastrointestinal regions, skeletal muscle, and skin was increased and that to the CNS was decreased. Treatment with flunixin meglumine (group 3 ponies) exerted selective microvascular actions which helped to reverse endotoxin-induced changes. This included the maintenance of mean arterial blood pressure and the enhanced perfusion of vital organs (eg, brain and heart) by preventing extensive vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Rectal prolapse in the horse.

Eleven horses with rectal prolapses were examined at Purdue University. Nine of the 11 prolapses were corrected by submucosal resection. Four of those were treated by a modified submucosal resection that apposes mucosa as well as submucosa. Follow-up of 8 cases, at intervals ranging from 4 months to 6 years, established that rectal prolapse did not recur following the resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cytologic interpretation of peritoneal fluid in the evaluation of equine abdominal crises.

Cytologic examination of serial peritoneal fluid samples of nine experimental ponies was performed during a 72 hour period following laparotomy. Six of the ponies had jejunal infarction induced by occlusion of the corresponding vasculature. Cytologic examination was also performed on the peritoneal fluid of a series of horses with naturally occurring abdominal crises presented to the Large Animal Clinic. A rapid staining technique allowed evaluation of smears within 5 minutes of obtaining the fluid. Alterations in peritoneal fluid of the experimental and clinical cases reflected an acute inflammatory response. In the experimental ponies, the degree of degenerate changes in the neutrophils varied considerably between the ponies with induced jejunal infarction and the controls. Extracellular bacteria and a severe degenerative inflammatory response in the peritoneal fluid of the experimental ponies and horses with naturally occurring abdominal crises provided a grave prognosis for survival. The ease of performing cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid and the potential value of the findings supports routine diagnostic use.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Indirect measurement of mean blood pressure in the normotensive and hypotensive horse.

Indirect mean arterial pressure was obtained from the tails of 78 anaesthetised and unanaesthetised normotensive and hypotensive horses. Data were obtained to determine the optimum cuff width in relation to tail circumference. A cuff that is too wide under-estimates and a cuff that is too narrow over-estimates blood pressure. With the optimum cuff width, which is slightly in excess of about one-fifth of the tail circumference, indirect mean blood pressure was obtained consistently in normotensive and hypotensive animals with mean blood pressures of 40 mmHg and frequently in animals with pressure as low as 30 mmHg.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Retrospective study of 350 cases of equine cryptorchidism.

Equine cryptorchidism was examined by a review of the literature and a retrospective study of 350 horses over a 14-year period. The incidence of left vs right testis retention was nearly equal. On the left side, 75.2% of the retained testes were retained abdominally and 24.8% inguinally; on the right side, 41.8% of the retained testes were retained abdominally and 58.2% inguinally. Preoperative diagnosis by rectal palpation of the vaginal rings was considered a valuable technique, with 87.9% accuracy in 190 horses. Invasive and nonivasive surgical techniques for abdominal cryptorchidectomy and associated complications were compared. The results supported the technique of traction on gonadal structures outside the abdominal cavity (noninvasive) as superior to techniques requiring intraabdominal manipulation (invasive).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of inferior check ligament desmotomy for treatment of acquired flexor tendon contracture in the horse.

The usefulness of inferior check ligament desmotomy as a treatment for acquired tendon contracture in horses was evaluated in 13 cases of deep digital flexor (DDF) contracture and in 3 cases of combined superficial digital flexor (SDF) and DDF contracture. In 8 of 9 cases of DDF contracture in which the dorsal surface of the hoof had not passed beyond being vertical to the ground, the surgical procedure was successful in returning the limb to a normal position and function. Compared with DDF tenotomy, inferior check ligament desmotomy was a superior treatment technique because of decreased postoperative pain, better postoperative appearance, and improved return to function. In 4 cases of DDF contracture in which the dorsal SDF contracture was also involved, inferior check ligament desmotomy was generally insufficient to allow return of the limb to normal alignment and function.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The treatment of salmonellosis in Equidae.

Among 23 Equidae in which various treatment or management regimens for salmonellosis were observed and evaluated, 9 horses were infected with Salmonella typhimurium and 8 with S anatum; an aged mule harbored S newport, and 1 isolant was not identified. Four dual sero-type infections occurred: 3 typhimurium/anatum and 1 anatum/newington. The results obtained with various antimicrobials in therapy of peracute, acute, and chronic infections were discouraging or questionable with regard to efficacy against salmonellae per se. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the salmonellae and coliforms from the same fecal sample of the patient were determined. Salmonellae cultured from feces prior to, during, and following treatment with a variety of drugs were often sensitive to the antimicrobial administered during these periods. Drug sensitivity or resistance appeared to have little, if any, bearing on eliminating salmonellae from the feces or organs of infected Equidae.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1976

Salmonellosis in Equidae: a study of 23 cases.

Salmonellosis in Equidae is a serious global problem. The prevalence may range from 0.36% to 27%. Probably 5% to 10% of the equine population in the U.S. is or has been infected. Over 40 serotypes of Salmonella have been cultured from Equidae. S. typhimurium (66.31%), S. enteritidis (9.6%), S. newport (5.16%) and S. heidelberg (4.89%) have been the most common equine isolates. The clinical and bacteriological studies of 23 naturally occurring infections in a large veterinary hospital were studied. Nine patients were infected with S. typhimurium, 8 with S. anatum, 1 with S. newport, 4 with dual serotype infections (3-S. typhimurium/S. anatum and 1 S. anatum/S. newington) and 1 untyped Salmonella. The roles of physical, surgical and environmental stress factors were analyzed. The fecal shedder state persisted for over 3 1/2 months. Feces of a foal contained 10(5) salmonella per gram. Salmonella were isolated from the feces of horses during and following antimicrobial therapy regimes. Supportive and symptomatic treatment as well as good nursing care are imperative in handling cases of equine salmonellosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Equine granulosa cell tumors.

Unilateral ovariectomy was performed on 3 mares affected with granulosa cell tumors. Tumor fluid in each mare was found to contain estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. In 2 mares, preoperative blood plasma concentrations of these hormones were comparable to those of a series of clinically normal mares. The other mare, which had a history of aggressive, masculine behavior, had higher testosterone content in the tumor fluid and in the preoperative blood sample. After surgical removal of the tumors, each mare developed follicles and ovulated with the remaining ovary. Each was eventually bred and 2 conceived. The probability of metastasis of these tumors in mares appears uncertain. Data from other species suggests a guarded long-term prognosis may be justified.

Animals↗