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Biomedical subjects

J F Fraumeni

Publications and source records attributed to J F Fraumeni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A population-based case-control study of cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in Shanghai.

A population-based case-control study of cancer of the nasal cavity and sinuses, involving interviews of 60 incident cases and 414 controls, was conducted in Shanghai. Cigarette smoking was associated with a mild elevation in risk of squamous-cell carcinoma but not cancers of other cell types. Occupational exposures to wood and silica dusts and to petroleum products, and the use of wood and straw as cooking fuel, were linked to moderate increases in risk, while 4-fold or greater increases were associated with a history of chronic nasal diseases, including those occurring 10 or more years prior to cancer diagnosis. Dietary analyses revealed a significant protective effect of consumption of allium vegetables, oranges and tangerines, with a 50% reduced risk of nasal cancer among individuals in the highest intake group of these foods. Consumption of salt-preserved vegetables, meat and fish was associated with a significantly increased risk of nasal cancer in a dose-response fashion, with a 5-fold excess observed for the heaviest intake of these salted foods. These findings suggest that dietary factors may contribute to the development of nasal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors for renal-cell cancer in Shanghai, China.

A population-based case-control study of 154 histologically verified renal-cell cancer patients and 157 controls was performed in Shanghai, China, an area with low rates for this tumor. Elevated risks were observed for cigarette smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 to 4.9), and for increasing categories of body weight and meat consumption, while reduced risks were seen for increasing categories of fruit and vegetable intake. An increased risk was also observed for regular use of phenacetin-containing analgesics (OR = 2.3; 95% CI:0.7 to 7.0). These findings are consistent with earlier studies in Western countries, and indicate that many of the same etiologic factors for renal-cell cancer operate in low- and high-risk societies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Second cancers in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Reports to date have provided widely divergent estimates of the risk of second malignant neoplasms in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), ranging from cancer deficits to excesses of twofold to threefold. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to estimate the risk of second primary cancers following CLL, utilizing population-based tumor registries, and to determine whether site-specific excesses might be associated with type of initial treatment for CLL. METHODS: We analyzed data for 9456 patients diagnosed with CLL as a first primary cancer between 1973 and 1988, who were reported to one of nine tumor registries participating in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and who survived 2 or more months. SEER files were searched for invasive primary malignancies that developed at least 2 months after the initial CLL diagnosis. RESULTS: Compared with the general population, CLL patients demonstrated a significantly increased risk of developing all second cancers (840 observed; observed-to-expected ratio [O/E] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-1.37). Significant excesses were noted for cancers of the lung (O/E = 1.90), brain (O/E = 1.98), and eye (intraocular melanoma) (O/E = 3.97) as well as malignant melanoma (O/E = 2.79) and Hodgkin's disease (O/E = 7.69). Cancer risk, which did not vary according to initial treatment category, was also constant across all time intervals after CLL diagnosis. CONCLUSION: CLL patients are at a significantly increased risk of developing a second malignant neoplasm. The pattern of cancer excesses suggests a susceptibility state permitting the development of selected second malignancies in patients with CLL, perhaps because of shared etiologic factors, immunologic impairment, and/or other influences. Although our results do not suggest a strong treatment effect, more detailed studies of second tumors in CLL are needed to investigate the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Cigarette smoking and other risk factors for progression of precancerous stomach lesions.

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is generally thought to evolve through a series of gastric mucosal changes, but the determinants of the precancerous lesions are not well understood. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess risk factors for intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia arising from chronic atrophic gastritis in a general population at high risk for stomach cancer. METHODS: A population-based gastroscopic screening of more than 3000 residents was conducted in a county in China with one of the world's highest rates of stomach cancer. Information on the lifestyle and other characteristics of the participants was obtained by interview, and responses were compared between those in whom the most advanced gastric lesion was dysplasia or intestinal metaplasia versus those with chronic atrophic gastritis. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was found to nearly double the risk of transition to dysplasia and to be a mild risk factor for intestinal metaplasia. Smoking accounted almost entirely for the 55% higher prevalence of dysplasia among men than among women. Risk of transition to dysplasia had a weak association with several dietary factors and was increased among those participants with a family history of stomach cancer and with blood type A. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide strong evidence for a role of tobacco consumption and offer clues to other environmental and genetic factors involved in the process of gastric carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Diet and other risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Shanghai, China.

A population-based, case-control study of laryngeal cancer was conducted in Shanghai, China, during 1988-1990, in which 201 incident cases (177 males, 24 females) and 414 controls (269 males, 145 females) were interviewed. Cigarette smoking was the major risk factor, accounting for 86% of the male and 54% of the female cases. After adjusting for smoking, there was little increase in risk associated with drinking alcoholic beverages. Among men, cases more often reported occupational exposures to asbestos and coal dust. A protective effect was associated with the intake of fruits (particularly oranges and tangerines), certain dark green/yellow vegetables, and garlic, but there was an increased risk with the intake of salt-preserved meat and fish. The findings suggest that risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Shanghai resemble those in Western countries, and they provide further evidence that dietary factors play an important etiologic role.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relation of obesity and body fat distribution to endometrial cancer in Shanghai, China.

In a case-control study involving 268 cases of endometrial cancer and an equal number of population controls, we assessed the relationship of risk to body weight and fat distribution, examining weight at various ages and current anthropometric measurements. Weight gain during later adulthood and resultant high body masses were important risk predictors, indicating that obesity is an important risk factor, even in an area where the prevalence of obesity and incidence of endometrial cancer are low. Certain fat distribution patterns were related to risk of endometrial cancer independent of general obesity. In particular, fat deposits on the trunk were associated with elevated risks, with the odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of subscapular skinfolds remaining significant even after adjustment for body mass index (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.3). Central versus peripheral obesity, as measured by the subscapular:triceps ratio, also was related to increased risk, although the association failed to remain significant after adjustment for body mass (highest to lowest quartile, odds ratio = 1.7). In contrast, upper body obesity, as assessed by the waist:thigh ratio, was unrelated to risk. These results support the need for future studies assessing the relationship of hormonal and other biological parameters of fat distribution to assist in identifying causal mechanisms for this tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Vitamin supplement use and reduced risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer.

Use of vitamin and mineral supplements was assessed in a population-based case-control study of oral and pharyngeal cancer, conducted during 1984-1985 in four areas of the United States. There was no association with intake of multivitamin products, but users of supplements of individual vitamins, including vitamins A, B, C, and E, were at lower risk after controlling for the effects of tobacco, alcohol, and other risk factors for these cancers. After further adjustment for use of other supplements, vitamin E was the only supplement that remained associated with a significantly reduced cancer risk. The adjusted odds ratio of oral and pharyngeal cancer for "ever regularly used" vitamin E was 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.4-0.6). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study to show a reduced oral cancer risk with vitamin E use. Although it is not clear that the lower risk among consumers of vitamin E supplements is due to the vitamin per se, the findings are consistent with experimental evidence and should prompt further research on the role of vitamin E and other micronutrients as inhibitors of oral and pharyngeal cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Smoking and risk of leukemia.

The relation between tobacco use and leukemia was evaluated in a population-based case-control study of 578 white men with leukemia and 820 controls conducted in Iowa and Minnesota during 1981-1984. Risks were significantly elevated for all leukemia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.4) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 1.6) for both tobacco users and cigarette smokers. There were significantly elevated risks for cigarette smokers of longest duration for all leukemia (OR = 1.6), chronic myelogenous leukemia (OR = 3.3), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR = 1.6). Thus, the findings of this study provide additional support for an association between smoking and the risk of several types of leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cigarette smoking and cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter.

A population-based case-control study of renal pelvis and ureter cancers (502 cases, 496 controls) conducted in three areas of the United States found cigarette smoking to be associated with a 3.1-fold increase in risk, with long-term (greater than 45 years) smokers having a 7.2-fold increased risk. Statistically significant dose-response associations were observed for both cancer sites and in both sexes regardless of the measure used: cigarettes per day, duration of use, or pack years. A significant decreasing trend in risk with increasing years quit smoking was also demonstrated for these cancers. Attributable risk estimates indicate that approximately 7 of 10 cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter among men and almost 4 of 10 among women are caused by smoking. The results of this study, the largest to date, confirm that cigarette smoking is the major cause of cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter, and that cessation of smoking could eliminate a large proportion of these tumors.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1992

Renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals in Sweden.

The Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry was used to evaluate a recent report of a large excess risk of renal cell cancer among architects in Los Angeles. We identified 131 renal cell cancers among male Swedish architects and allied professionals during a 19-year follow-up period (1961-1979). Compared with the Swedish population, there was no significant excess of renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.15; 131 cases). Although it was not possible to estimate the risk for architects alone, the SIR was only 1.06 (16 cases) in a subset of professionals employed in architectural and engineering firms. However, a significant increase in risk (SIR = 1.38) was observed in a related group of workers employed as engineers and construction supervisors in the home construction industry.

Architecture↗
PubMed1992

Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma following selected medical conditions.

The role of selected prior medical conditions in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies was examined in a case-control study of members of two regional branches of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (USA). Past history of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal disorders was abstracted from medical records for leukemia (n = 299), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 100), and multiple myeloma (n = 175) cases and matched controls (n = 787). Little difference was found between cases and controls for most of the chronic conditions evaluated, including sinusitis, carbuncles, urinary tract infections, pelvic infections, herpes zoster, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bursitis, and gout. Only three statistically significant elevated risks were found, i.e., with combined disc disease myeloma among patients with prior eczema and disk and other musculoskeletal conditions, and NHL following tuberculosis. Only two of these associations showed consistent patterns by sex and geographic region (myeloma with eczema and with musculoskeletal conditions). While prior history of eczema and musculoskeletal conditions may slightly increase risk of myeloma, this study provided little if any support for an association of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal conditions with subsequent occurrence of the leukemias or NHL. Additionally, these data did not support a role for chronic antigenic stimulation, as defined in previous epidemiologic studies, in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Oral contraceptives and primary liver cancer among young women.

The association of oral contraceptive use with liver cancer was examined in a study of 76 deaths from primary liver cancer, 22 deaths from cancer of the intrahepatic bile ducts, and 629 controls among women aged 25 to 49 years. The subjects in the study are from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey, which included a questionnaire sent or administered to the next-of-kin of almost 20,000 deceased individuals in the United States. Information on a number of lifestyle factors was collected, including questions on oral contraceptive use. Increased risks of primary liver cancer were found for ever-users (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-2.6), and for long-term (greater than or equal to 10 years) users (OR = 2.0, CI = 0.8-4.8) of oral contraceptives. When the analysis was restricted to subjects whose spouse or parent was the respondent, more pronounced risks were seen for ever-users (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.4-5.3) and long-term users (OR = 4.8, CI = 1.7-14.0). No clear excess risk was found for cancer of the intrahepatic bile ducts. This study, the largest to date, adds to the number of investigations demonstrating an increased risk of primary liver cancer with use, particularly long-term use, of oral contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Occupational physical activity and colon cancer risk in Turkey.

A case-control study of 107 colon cancer cases and 486 controls from an oncological clinic in Istanbul was conducted to examine the association between occupational physical activity and colon cancer in Turkey, where incidence of this disease is low. Only two of the four activity measures showed evidence of an increased colon cancer risk for sedentary jobs (time spent sitting OR = 1.5 and occupational energy expenditure OR = 1.6); neither was statistically significant. Subjects below age 55 showed higher risk associated with sedentary jobs than did the older age group, probably due to their adoption of a more western lifestyle, including dietary habits, less activity, and other factors that may interact to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Absence of hereditary p53 mutations in 10 familial leukemia pedigrees.

Germline p53 mutations have been identified in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome but the role of such mutations in familial leukemia is not established. The p53 gene was examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exons 4-8 in 10 families with multiple members affected with leukemia. The diagnoses included acute and chronic leukemias and Hodgkin's disease. Identified in two families were p53 mutations that were nonhereditary. These included a 2-bp deletion in exon 6 found in the lymphoblast DNA of one child whose sibling, cousin, and several adult relatives had acute leukemia. The other nonhereditary p53 mutation was a transition at codon 248 (CGG to CAG, arginine to glutamine) found in the lymphoblasts of a patient with a preleukemic syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) whose brother is a long-term survivor of ALL. Thus, p53 mutations were found to occur in two families but both were nonhereditary. Moreover, in the remaining eight families no p53 mutation was identified in the regions of p53 where most mutations have been found in other cancers. Although p53 mutations sometimes may be present, they do not appear to be a primary event responsible for hereditary susceptibility to familial leukemia. This study suggests involvement of other genes or mechanisms.

DNA, Neoplasm↗