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Biomedical subjects

J F Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to J F Jackson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

HIV and chemically dependent women: recommendations for appropriate health care and drug treatment services.

Intravenous drug use is the single largest exposure category among women with AIDS in the United States (51%). Tragically, there may be insufficient appreciation of the issues unique to IV drug usage among women. Few drug treatment programs are specifically designed for women, and fewer still are aimed at HIV positive women. Treatment models relevant to women in light of the AIDS epidemic should: include changes in admission criteria and treatment methods; provide comprehensive services (including parenting and employment skills workshops and access to health care); and incorporate research and evaluation components with planned dissemination of results.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic studies in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and relapse: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.

The morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic features of leukemic cells obtained at the time of first bone marrow relapse were compared with those obtained at initial diagnosis in 287 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were entered consecutively in a laboratory classification study of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG). L1 to L2 shifts in French-American-British morphologic subtype were more common than the reverse (81/178 versus 15/61, p less than 0.001). A small but marginally significant number of cases acquired cytoplasmic granules at relapse, and 50 cases underwent a shift in periodic acid-Schiff reactivity that slightly favoured positive to negative. Shifts in immunophenotype were relatively rare, although shifts in cases with a pre-B phenotype to early pre-B ALL or vice versa occurred in about a third of pre-B cases. Loss of HLA-DR or the common ALL antigen occurred in 20 and 11% of cases, respectively. Of the 116 cases with analyzable karyotypes at diagnosis and relapse, 36 (31%) showed a change in karyotypes at relapse, usually from normal to pseudodiploid or hyperdiploid. Cytogenetic evidence for the emergence of a new clone after initial diagnosis was found in only one case. Analysis of the correlation of clinical and lymphoblast biologic features with event-free survival after an initial marrow relapse failed to demonstrate any prognostic significance for the changes identified in this study. T-cell immunophenotype proved to be the only factor significantly related to the outcome of retrieval therapy.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1991

AIDS education in drug user treatment programs.

This paper presents the results of an AIDS educational intervention for intravenous drug users (IVDUs) who participated in the New Jersey State Department of Health's Coupon program. An examination of the data showed that those with high pre-intervention test scores were more likely to have been White and to have been in treatment since 1981. Furthermore, the 1-hour AIDS educational intervention produced significantly higher post-intervention test scores (overall and for 27 of the 31 individual test items). Finally, none of the demographic and drug history variables used in this analysis were found to contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the educational session.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Favorable prognosis associated with hyperdiploidy in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia correlates with extra chromosome 6. A Pediatric Oncology Group study.

Pretreatment bone marrow cytogenetic studies were included for 1664 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accrued to Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) 8035 laboratory classification study from May 1981 through January 1986. There was a significant difference (P = 0.0001) in distribution of stem-line karyotype (normal, hypodiploid, pseudodiploid, or hyperdiploid) among children with early pre-B, pre-B, or T-cell ALL, with early pre-B patients demonstrating a higher proportion of hyperdiploid karyotypes with modal chromosome numbers greater than 51. Cytogenetic classification of 1216 patients with early pre-B or pre-B ALL evaluable for duration of event-free survival (EFS), with median follow-up of 42 months, showed a significant prolongation of five-year EFS associated with hyperdiploidy greater than 51 (75%; standard error [SE] = 5%) compared with hyperdiploidy 47 to 51 (46%; SE = 7%), hypodiploidy (55%; SE = 11%), and pseudodiploidy (45%; SE = 7%) (P = 0.0001). Five-year EFS was intermediate for patients with normal (58%), constitutionally abnormal (66%), or unsuccessful analyses (66%). The breakpoint defining hyperdiploidy associated with better prognosis was best defined as greater than 51 (P = 0.0002). Of 239 children with hyperdiploid karyotypes, analysis of the contribution of each chromosome to EFS duration showed a significant association between improved EFS and additional chromosome(s) six (P = 0.02). Chromosome translocation was associated with shorter EFS (P = 0.0001).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Mapping Z-DNA tracts in plasmid DNA using electron microscopy and gold-labeled antibodies.

Using alternating poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and electron microscopy (EM), a method has been developed for detecting regions of Z conformation in DNA preparations. The procedure was developed with poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) which had been converted to the Z conformation with MnCl2 and mild heat treatment. Conditions were found for reaction of this DNA with polyclonal anti-Z antibodies from rabbit, and further reaction of this mixture with gold-labelled anti-rabbit antibodies from mouse. Spreading of these samples onto air-water interfaces and examination by EM revealed gold particles aligned along strands of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC). The method was refined and simplified using monoclonal antibodies and tested with the 2.2-kb plasmid, pDHg16, carrying a single tract of alternating d(G-C)23. Treatment with MnCl2 and mild heat was not necessary, as the superhelicity of this molecule ensured that the d(G-C) tract was in the Z conformation. Conditions were found for successful conjugation of mouse monoclonal anti-Z antibodies with colloidal gold (G10), 10.7-nm average diameter. The conjugate was then reacted with superhelical pDHg16, stabilized in polyethylene glycol and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Examination by EM showed gold particles at one site on the negatively superhelical circular DNA molecule. When these molecules were linearized with PstI, gold particles were found to occur at an average position 35% +/- 3% from one end. This location agrees well with the known position of the center of the alternating d(G-C) tract with respect to the PstI restriction site (36.8%).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Ductus diverticulum aneurysm and coronary stenosis: repair using circulatory arrest.

The case of a 68-year-old man with advanced symptomatic coronary artery disease and large aneurysm of the diverticulum of the ductus arteriosus is presented. Both the coronary artery disease and the aneurysm were successfully repaired at the same time via median sternotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass and a brief period of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest. To our knowledge, this is the 27th reported case of such an aneurysm in an adult.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A coupon program--drug treatment and AIDS education.

The New Jersey State Department of Health developed a program to test the following hypotheses: (1) numerous heroin addicts will respond to free detoxification treatment offered through a coupon program, (2) a substantial number of these patients will continue in treatment beyond the free detoxification attempt, and (3) participation in an AIDS education session can increase the knowledge level of intravenous drug abusers regarding this disease. Eighty-four percent of the 970 distributed coupons were redeemed for detoxification treatment. Twenty-eight percent of the program participants continued in treatment after the free detoxification period, and the AIDS information session significantly increased the knowledge of participating addicts.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Structure and expression of a newt cardio-skeletal myosin gene. Implications for the C value paradox.

As part of our studies on the fate of the muscle lineage during amphibian limb regeneration, we have isolated genomic and cDNA sequences from a myosin heavy chain in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Notwithstanding the technical problems inherent in analysing the large newt genome, genomic and cDNA sequences have been isolated and subjected to analysis by restriction mapping. Northern hybridization, Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing. We believe these to be the first single copy newt gene sequences to have been subjected to this type of analysis. The newt gene sequences showed a striking difference from mammalian myosins in both the estimated sizes of the gene and its intervening sequences; these being much larger than in the mammalian models, it is speculated that this could contribute to the exceptional size of the newt genome. By contrast, the coding sequences displayed very high levels of sequence homology to mammalian myosins. In particular, the amino acid sequence of the newt myosin was found to have greatest homology with rat and human myosin isotypes having a similar cardio-skeletal muscle expression pattern. Despite a long evolutionary separation, newt and mammalian cardio-skeletal myosins have remained more similar to each other than have the human or rat cardiac forms to skeletal myosins within their own respective species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Isolation, characterization, and evolutionary aspects of a cDNA clone encoding multiple neuropeptides involved in the stereotyped egg-laying behavior of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis.

The cerebral neurosecretory caudodorsal cells (CDCs) of the freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis control egg laying, an event that involves a pattern of stereotyped behaviors. The CDCs synthesize and release multiple peptides, among which is the ovulation hormone (CDCH). It is thought that each peptide controls a specific aspect of the processes involved in egg laying. We isolated and characterized a CDC-specific cDNA clone that encodes the ovulation hormone (CDCH). RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that the CDCs are the major cell groups in the cerebral ganglia that transcribe the CDCH gene. In addition to CDCH, the 259-amino acid-long CDCH preprohormone contains 11 other predicted peptides. The overall homology of the CDCH preprohormone with the egg-laying hormone (ELH) preprohormones of the marine opisthobranch snails Aplysia californica and A. parvula is very low (29 and 26%, respectively). However, a more detailed comparison revealed a highly differential pattern of conservation of peptide regions. Significant homology was found between the regions containing (1) CDCH and ELH, (2) repeated pentapeptides, (3) alpha-caudodorsal cell peptide and alpha-bag cell peptide, and (4) 2 regions representing as yet unidentified peptides. Insignificant homology was found when comparing regions containing the other predicted peptides. The conserved peptides probably control similar aspects of the egg-laying fixed action patterns in these distantly related gastropod species. The pentapeptide region exhibits the highest level of homology (75%); in addition, an extra pentapeptide has been generated on the CDCH precursor. This indicates a vital function of these peptides in Aplysia, as well as in Lymnaea species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Differential expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in innervated and denervated chicken muscle.

We have studied the mRNAs encoding all four subunits of the acetylcholine receptor in 13-day embryonic, innervated and denervated chicken pectoral muscle. In all three states the transcript sizes of the alpha, beta-, gamma- and delta-subunit mRNAs were approximately 3.2, 2.8, 1.8 and 1.9 kb respectively. Denervation was found to result in a large increase in the steady-state levels of each mRNA compared with those in innervated muscle. This increase was 8- to 9-fold for the beta and delta subunits and approximately 12-fold for the alpha subunit. The evidence obtained shows a coordinate regulation of the acetylcholine receptor genes in response to denervation. Interestingly, no gamma-subunit transcript was detected in innervated muscle, while significant levels were detected in embryonic and denervated tissue. This evidence suggests that there exists in a non-mammalian muscle acetylcholine receptor an additional subunit, analogous to the bovine epsilon subunit, and shows that the extra-junctional receptor of adult denervated muscle is produced by the same set of mRNAs which produce the major form of the receptor in embryonic muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Protein kinase C activity and hexamethylenebisacetamide-induced erythroleukemia cell differentiation.

Hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) is a potent inducer of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation. The mechanism of action of HMBA is not known. In this study we provide evidence that protein kinase C has a role in inducer-mediated MEL cell differentiation: (i) HMBA induces the formation of a soluble, proteolytically activated form of protein kinase C that is catalytically active in the absence of Ca2+ and phospholipid; (ii) the protease inhibitor leupeptin blocks formation of this activated form of the kinase and inhibits HMBA-induced MEL cell hemoglobin accumulation; (iii) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibits HMBA-induced MEL differentiation and causes depletion of total protein kinase C activity; (iv) MEL cells depleted in protein kinase C activity by culture with PMA are resistant to induction by HMBA; (v) upon removal of PMA, restoration of MEL cell sensitivity to HMBA is correlated with reaccumulation of protein kinase C activity; and (vi) MEL cells grown to density arrest are both depleted of protein kinase C activity and resistant to HMBA. Together, these results suggest that HMBA-mediated MEL cell differentiation involves a protein kinase C-related mechanism and the proteolytically activated form of the kinase, which does not require Ca2+ or phospholipid for its catalytic activity.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1987

Autotransfusion: quality of blood prepared with a red cell processing device.

The quality of blood salvaged at operation and prepared with the Dideco Autotrans BT 795 autotransfusion device was compared with that of donor blood in 41 patients having cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. Saved blood had a higher haemoglobin concentration (17.3 v. 13.1 g dl-1; P less than 0.001), a higher 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration (5.3 v. 1.1 mmol litre-1; P less than 0.00001), higher white cell count (17.1 X 10(9) litre-1 v. 4.1; P less than 0.00001), higher pH (7.5 v. 6.6; P less than 0.00001) and a more physiological potassium concentration (5.4 v. 8.8 mmol litre-1; P less than 0.00001) than donor blood. Saved blood platelet count was 34.5 X 10(9) litre-1 compared with 146.24 X 10(9) litre-1 (P less than 0.00001) and its heparin concentration was 0.64 u. ml-1. We conclude that this autotransfusor is a useful aid to blood conservation, producing good quality red cells with relatively normal pH and potassium values. However, modification of the centrifugation and washing is required to lessen the high white cell count and heparin concentrations found in the saved blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The molecular basis of the neuro-endocrine control of egg-laying behaviour in Lymnaea.

The biosynthesis, axonal transport and release of multiple peptides by the egg-laying controlling caudodorsal cells (CDC) of Lymnaea stagnalis were studied. High performance gel permeation chromatography was used to resolve newly synthesized peptides after pulse-chase experiments with radioactive amino acids. The precursor is a 35 kd polypeptide which is produced in the CDC somata. It gives rise to intermediate products (20 kd, 10 kd and 7 kd) and a number of end products which include a approximately 4.5 kd (the ovulation hormone, CDCH), a 1.5 kd peptide (the autotransmitter) and other peptides (6 kd, 3.5 kd and 2 kd). The end products are transported in neurosecretory granules to the CDC axon terminals in the cerebral commissure where they are released into the medium during electrical discharges of the CDC system. A cDNA clone encoding part of the CDCH precursor was isolated from a Lymnaea CNS cDNA library by differential hybridisation and use of synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Examination of the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the precursor contains additional peptides, besides CDCH.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acromegaly.

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Acromegaly↗
PubMed1984

Colon carcinoma and diabetes mellitus.

A significantly increased occurrence of overt diabetes mellitus was found among colon or rectal carcinoma patients by comparison with that found among lung carcinoma or hip fracture populations in two hospitals.

Adolescent↗