PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J F Magnaval

Publications and source records attributed to J F Magnaval.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis on Mayotte (Comores Archipelago)].

A seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis was carried out on Mayotte Island. Detection of IgG was performed on 871 samples from 509 females and 362 males by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Using a cut-off value of 12 UI (1/16), 734 sera (84.3%) were found to be positive. Assays for specific IgM which were carried out only in positive subjects detected IgM in 13 people (1.5%). Comparison between different ethnic groups showed significantly higher rates of seroprevalence in villages with latrines. This finding is attributed to the use of fresh water for bathing and dish washing. It has been hypothesized that use of salt water for these purposes lessens the rate of contamination by destroying Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Rheumatologic aspects of toxocariasis (visceral Larva migrans). Apropos of 2 cases].

Visceral Larva migrans is a human infection by the larvae of dog ascarids or, more rarely, ascarids of other animal species. It is endemic in France. Two cases which respectively manifested as acute oligoarthritis and inflammatory myalgia with increased muscle enzyme levels are reported. Manifestations of the minor forms of this infestation are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Zoonotic roundworm infections.

The larval stage of several animal parasites can infect humans and produce severe disease. Visceral and ocular larval migrans caused by the common dog roundworm, Toxocara canis, are two well-recognized clinical syndromes. With the wider availability of serodiagnostic tests for toxocaral infection, other syndromes characterized by neuropsychologic deficits, epilepsy, asthma, abdominal distress, and chronic allergy have been described. Treatment with corticosteroids in conjunction with anthelminthic drugs may be life- or sight-saving. Recognition of the risk factors for infection is key to prevention, reinfection, and more serious illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of amodiaquine and its two metabolites after a single oral dose in human volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine (AQ, Flavoquine, CAS 6398-98-7) and its metabolites, mono (AQml) and bis-desethyl amodiaquine (AQm2) were investigated in 8 healthy volunteers after an oral dose of 306.2 mg of AQ. Metabolic clearance was the main AQ elimination pathway. AQ disappeared rapidly, from the plasma and blood, whereas AQml appeared rapidly in keeping with a hepatic first-pass effect. By contrast, AQ was little excreted in urine and AQm2 formation from AQm1 was low. Blood AQm1 concentrations were higher than plasma levels, with an AQm1/AQ concentration ratio of 5 to 10. This result was related to strong uptake of AQm1 by white blood cells, as shown by an in vitro study. On the basis of plasma concentrations, there was no preferential uptake by red blood cells, the pharmacological target cells; effective AQ concentrations should thus be analyzed in plasma rather than in whole blood. The inhibitory activity of patients' sera on Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro appears to be directly related to the AQm1 concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of an immunoenzymatic assay detecting specific anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin E for diagnosis and posttreatment follow-up of human toxocariasis.

In order to complete the immunodiagnosis of human toxocaral disease, an immunoenzymatic assay with excretory-secretory antigens from Toxocara canis larvae was developed for the detection of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]). The specificity of the assay was evaluated in patients presenting with various allergic or helminthic diseases. The sensitivity was assessed in patients exhibiting clinical and biological symptoms indicative of toxocariasis, serodiagnosis of which was made by the Western blot (WB; immunoblot) procedure that used the same antigen as that used in the sIgE ELISA but that detected specific IgG. The value of the sIgE ELISA for posttreatment follow-up was tested in two groups of patients: one group was treated with diethylcarbamazine; the other group was not treated with DEC. Results showed that the specificity and sensitivity of the sIgE ELISA were moderate. Thus, the sIgE ELISA appeared to be insufficient for properly ensuring the serodiagnosis of toxocariasis when it is used alone. However, sIgE ELISA might be an interesting complementary method for the detection of specific IgG. It was the only assay that was found to be positive in sera from some hypereosinophilic patients. sIgE ELISA values decreased significantly among the patients treated with DEC, indicating that this test would be useful for posttreatment follow-up assessment.

Antibodies, Helminth↗
PubMed1992

[Myelitis caused by toxocara canis (larva migrans)].

A young woman presented with recurrent myelitis associated with persistent eosinophilia in blood and CSF. Specific serological procedures in blood and CSF led to the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans. The patient recovered after 21 days of treatment with diethylcarbamazine. To our knowledge, this is the second report of myelitis in the course of visceral larva migrans.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Application of the western blotting procedure for the immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis.

To improve the immunodiagnosis of human toxocaral disease, a sensitive and specific assay using the Western blotting procedure (WB) with excretory-secretory antigens from Toxocara canis larvae (TES) was developed and compared with the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (TES-ELISA) using the same antigens. We tested groups of sera from laboratory animals or patients presenting with toxocariasis or other helminthic diseases and a group of sera from people dwelling in an area endemic for toxocariasis who exhibited hypereosinophilia. Statistically, the WB assay correlated well with TES-ELISA, but the former was more specific for banding patterns corresponding to low-molecular-weight fractions, thus avoiding problems of cross-reactivity with sera infected with other helminthic diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[3 cases of human syngamiasis in Guadeloupe].

The authors report the 3 first cases of human syngamosis due to Mammomonogamus sp. in La Guadeloupe (French West Indies). After a review of the papers published on the previous 79 world-wide cases, they point out that this parasitic disease is restricted to the West Indies/South America area, and discuss the problem of the contamination mode; they claim that chronic cough is a constant signal symptom which suggests syngamosis in subjects who are native from, or have travelled in the endemic area.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[New elements in the symptomatology of visceral larva migrans].

A retrospective study of 92 cases of visceral larva migrans (VLM) seen in Toulouse demonstrated the high prevalence of the disease in the Midi-Pyrénées region (southern France). The patient population was homogeneous, of middle age and predominantly female. The principal symptoms were chronic asthenia of one year duration on average, associated with cutaneous signs of allergy (pruritus, rashes) and with pain in the right hypochondrium. High total IgE level with presence of anti-VLM IgE was more frequent than eosinophilia, which was moderate. In one-third of the cases VLM also seemed to be responsible for an increase in serum gamma GT. VLM is a disease that is often unrecognized. The classical descriptions apply, in reality, to its caricatural forms which are exceptional.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Visceral larva migrans in French adults: a new disease syndrome?

Visceral larva migrans is apparently an endemic disease among adults in southwest France. Thirty-seven adults living in the Midi-Pyrenees region of France were confirmed as having visceral larva migrans based on an increased specific antibody titer to Toxocara canis as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by the Western blot method. The disease was characterized clinically by weakness, pruritus, rash, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, and pathologically by allergic manifestations including eosinophilia and increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels. Conditional logistic regression analysis using a control group of 37 hospital patients with other conditions who were individually matched to patients with visceral larva migrans by age and sex revealed an increased risk for visceral larva migrans associated with hunting or living in a household with a hunter (odds ratio (OR) = 9.0, p = 0.02) and with living in a village of less than 500 persons (OR = 5.7, p = 0.04). Owning two or more dogs compared with owning one or no dogs increased the risk of visceral larva migrans for hunting or living in a household with a hunter (OR = 9.6 vs. OR = 4.5) and for persons living in nonhunting households (OR = 2.1 vs. OR = 1.0). These findings, however, could not be duplicated when 60 age- and sex-matched neighbors were used as a second control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Screening for Chagas disease by immunoenzymology: comparison of ELISA with immunofluorescence and indirect hemagglutination in 976 blood donors].

The efficiency of an immunoenzymatic technique (ELISA) for the systematic research of Chagas' disease in blood donors was compared with one of 2 well-known methods, indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and indirect fluoro immuno assay (IFA). For the ELISA technique two different antigenic extracts from epimastigote culture forms of T. cruzi, were used for sensitizing the polystyrene plates: a crude extract (Ag R) and a delipidized one (Ag B). Firstly the authors tested these 3 techniques in 5 control groups: sera from Chagas' disease, negative control sera, sera from visceral leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis and finally monoclonal gammapathies, the high levels of blood proteins being a possible cause of false positives. Secondly the screening of Chagas' disease was performed in the same way in 976 blood donors from Recife, Brazil. In the case of the Ag-R extract used in the ELISA technique a high cross-reactivity was found with visceral leishmaniasis sera, along a risk of false positives with gammapathic ones. The sensitivity of this technique was found to be high (3,3 +/- 1 p. cent of positive blood donors) and a very good correlation was found with the reference techniques, IFA and IHA, the sensitivity of which is lower (2,3 +/- 1 and 1,7 +/- p. cent). The use of a delipidized antigenic extract (Ag B) for the ELISA technique is not suitable, in spite of an apparent higher specificity: indeed, the positives rate is high (11,5 +/- 0,2 p. cent), but the correlation is very weak or non existent in the case of IHA or IFA. In conclusion, the ELISA technique using a crude extract of T. cruzi appears to be a very convenient method for screening blood donors with Chagas' disease, the lack of specificity due to leishmaniasis or monoclonal blood proteins not posing any real problem to blood banking.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1983

[ELISA methods for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi carriers. Comparative study].

Each of the serological methods used for the screening of T. cruzi carriers has its advantage and disadvantage. Owing to the detection, particularly concerning blood transfusion, a selection of techniques, as wide as possible, and which don't aim the same antibodies is now carried out. Therefore, we have tried to perfect an ELISA-like reaction. This kind of analysis appeared very sensitive, faithful and reproducible in other parasitology fields. It became evident for us to try to apply this method to the diagnosis of Chagas disease. In order to test this method , we compared the results obtained with the one given by other usual reactions: immunofluorescence and passive hemagglutination test. In an other hand, we have, for the whole three methods, estimated the possible crossed reactions, particularly with leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis and myeloma. From these results, it can be deduced that: --the ELISA reaction used with a total homologous antigen is sensitive and discriminant towards the other trypanosoma. The ratio of the crossed reactions with visceral leishmaniasis is the same compared to immunofluorescence. It allows the exploration of recent infestations; --the ELISA reaction done with a dislipided antigen is very sensitive. In the meantime, crossed reactions are possible with other trypanosomiasis.

Carrier State↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of human toxocariasis in La Réunion.

In La Réunion island (Indian Ocean) a seroepidemiological survey for toxocariasis was carried out among 387 subjects over 15 years old by Western blotting using Toxocara canis excretory-secretory larval antigens; 92.8% of the sera were positive. Statistical study, including logistic regression analysis, showed a significant correlation of Western blot results with sex, age, and absence of water supply. The final logistic model demonstrated that only the last 2 factors were significant multiplicative risk factors for toxocariasis. Sex was an independent risk factor. With this level of infection, we suggest that further surveys of ocular toxocariasis in children and teenagers of La Réunion would be advisable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of a latex agglutination test, two Elisa tests and a Western blot test for the serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis].

Serology is a helpful test for the diagnosis of human trichinellosis because clinical signs of this disease (fever and myalgias) are non specific. A lot of techniques have been studied but very few are commercialized and have been comparatively evaluated. We report here the performances of 4 commercially available kits: two Elisa tests, one western blot test & one latex agglutination test. The specificity and sensitivity of the different tests were assayed on 60 sera from patients with a proven trichinellosis and on 70 controls. The four tests had a 100% sensitivity. The specificity was of 98.6% for the western blot, of 93% for the latex agglutination test and of 87 & 77% for the two Elisa tests. Cross reactions are mainly observed in patients with other helminthic infections.

Blotting, Western↗