Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J F Manier.
Macrophages of 1+ rainbow trout are parasitised by an unknown protozoan. An ultrastructural study permits to associate it with the genus Dermocystidium described in many fishes. This protozoan is characterized by a large vacuole of mitochondrial origin and by concentric structured bodies.
The pygmy males of Chondracanthus angustatus are fixed on the genital segment of the female on two anterior-ventral tubercules. The genital system is formed by two dorsal testes, two broad vas deferens and two seminal vesicles each one containing a spermatophore. Two types of cells can be seen in the interstitial tram: the sexual (normal and abortive) and the somatic ones. The plasmic and nuclear membranes joined together on one end of the spermatid; on the opposite pole, the mitochondria penetrate into the cytoplasmic expansions. The non-motile starfish spermatozoa present neither di-ferentiated acrosome nor centrioles. The male gametes are stocked in the spermatophore and enveloped by many kinds of secretions. Spermatozoa are discharged into the female integument folds and they reach the seminal receptacle with the help of the villosities movement; they stay there till fertilization occurs.
A microsporidan parasite, Ormieresia carcini gen. n., sp. n., was found in the crab, Carcinus mediterraneus Czerniavsky. Its development and fine structure are the subject are the subject of the present study. The life cycle begins with a schizont surrounded by a unit membrane and containing a diplokaryon. The entire process of sporogony takes place in the host musculature. The sporogonic stages are enclosed in the pansporoblastic membrane. In each pansporoblast, sporogony gives rise to 8 sporoblasts; the octonucleate sporogonial plasmodium is lacking. In the course of schizogonic and sporogonic divisions, each kinetic center consists of 2 plaques, one located within and the other outside the nuclear envelope. The dividing sporonts and sporoblasts sevrets "metabolic" substances (granules, tubules) which are depostied in the pansporoblast. The uninucleate spore is long and cylindrical, measuring 19.1 X 2.4 micronm. A rectilinear manubrium traverses the spore. Its posterior end attenuates abruptly into a polar filament with 4 or 5 coils; its anterior end is attached to the polar cap, which is compressed by a double polar ring. The anterior part of the manubrium is surrounded by a polaroplast consisting of a "spongy" (vesicular) and a lamellar zone.
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The Phycomycete, Coelomomyces psorophorae Couch, 1945, was found in the south of France in the salt marsh mosquito Aedes detritus (Haliday, 1833). The fungus invades the ovarioles but leaves the follicules intact. At high magnification, (using a scanning electron microscope), the crater-form punctuations adorning the sporangium were seen to result from openings (ostioles) of the network of small canals that traverse the external wall.
The ultrastructural modifications during the life cycle of a Phycomycetes parasite of Cyclops are studied. The cytoplasmic sporangium cleavage is brought about by the fusion of flagellar sheaths and cleavage vesicles. The uniflagellates zoospores are characterized by a nuclear-nuclear cap cluster, a large side-body (single mitochondrion, lipid bodies, granular material) and gamma particles. The fungus belongs to the genus Catenaria and probably to the species C. anguillulae. The ultrastructure of this Catenaria shows that this genus is closely related to Blastocladiales.
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All stages of development of Palavascia sphaeromae parasite of the proctodeum of Sphaeroma serratum, are studied for the first time under the electron microscope. The formation of the holdfast, cell walls and septa is followed. In the coiled apex of the mature thalli, the septa form two catogeries of unisporates sporangia leading to two types of spores. Type 1, a multinucleate spore giving birth in situ to several microthalli. Type 2, a uninucleate at first and then quadrinucleate spore, representing the only propagative elements of the species. This study proves that the Palavasciae are well integrated among the Eccrinales order. It also opens a new discussion concerning the phyletic affinities that can exist between the Eccrinales and the other three orders of Trichomycetes.
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