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Biomedical subjects

J F Moorhead

Publications and source records attributed to J F Moorhead.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Comparison of radioisotope methods for the measurement of phosphate absorption in normal subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure.

1. Intestinal phosphate absorption was measured in normal subjects, in patients with chronic renal failure, and in post-transplant patients, by a double isotope technique involving oral administration of 32P and simultaneous intravenous injection of 33P with subsequent deconvolution analysis. 2. By this technique intestinal phosphate absorption has been shown to have two components: an initial rapid phase, which is completed by 3 h, and a slower more prolonged phase, which continues beyond 7 1/2 h. 3. Phosphate malabsorption has been demonstrated in chronic renal failure and transplant patients, which is accounted for by impairment of the initial rapid phase of absorption. 4. Results obtained by deconvolution analysis have been compared with other estimates of phosphate absorption obtained from analysis of 32P radioactivity curves alone. 5. The fractional hourly rate of absorption and the plasma 32P radioactivity at 60 min corrected for extracellular fluid volume provided the best approximations to the result obtained by deconvolution analysis, with respect to both the maximal rate of phosphate absorption and cumulative percentage phosphate absorption.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Hepatitis B and the dialysis and renal transplantation unit.

Different facets of hepatitis B infections are encountered in a renal unit. The viral antigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of some cases of glomerulonephritis. Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigenaemia frequently persists in dialysis patients who contract the virus and presents a significant health hazard to the attendant staff. Persistent HBs antigenaemia does not jeopardise renal allograft survival. The effect of anti-HBs antibodies is not clear. Transplantation can reactivate latent hepatitis B infections and render patients HBs antigen (HBsAg)-positive. Hepatic malignancies have been observed and increased patient mortality reported in HBsAg-positive renal allograft recipients. The effect of immunosuppression and maternal viral infection on the fetus is open to speculation.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1981

The role of multiple pharmaco-therapy in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation.

A study was undertaken in 54 renal allograft recipients to evaluate the multiple factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation. Serum triglyceride concentrations were found to correlate positively with the cummulative prednisolone dose, and with abdominal skin fold thickness. Serum cholesterol concentrations correlated significantly with serum creatinine concentrations. Patients on beta adrenergic blocking agents had lower plasma free fatty acid concentrations and patients on diuretics had higher serum triglyceride concentrations. The implication of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Sixteen months experience with cyclosporin-A in human kidney transplantation.

CY-A is a potent immunosuppressive agent and can prevent graft rejection. In our experience hirsutism and viral infections are marked. Lymphomas may be more common in CY-A-treated patients than in those treated conventionally. Smaller doses of CY-A given for shorter periods before conversion to conventional treatment may be a better way to use this new agent.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Rejection encephalopathy.

Thirteen patients are described who had 15 encephalopathic episodes complicating severe rejection crises following renal transplantation. Comparison was made with control rejection episodes in the same patients in which encephalopathy did not occur. The severity of the rejection episodes as measured by the rise in serum creatinine was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in those episodes with encephalopathy than in control episodes. There was no difference from controls when comparison was made of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) or rate of rise of MABP at the time of the encephalopathy. There was no significant difference in serum potassium, sodium and calcium, weight gain/fluid retention and immunosuppressive therapy in the two groups. Effective treatment of rejection and control of fits, hypertension and fluid retention produced rapid recovery without late sequelae.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

The effects of vitamin A toxicity on calcium and lipid metabolism in chronic renal failure.

Serum vitamin A levels were high in haemodialysis patients, and were found to correlate with plasma calcium, triglyceride, cholesterol and insulin levels. Vitamin A containing multivitamin supplements were found to contribute to increased serum vitamin A levels, and their withdrawal in seven patients caused a significant decrease in serum vitamin A and calcium levels, with no effect on lipid levels. Vitamin A containing preparations should therefore be prescribed with caution in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Fat clearance before and after heparin in chronic renal failure--haemodialysis reduces post-heparin fractional clearance rates of intralipid.

The effect of heparin on the kinetics of fat removal was studied in 15 subjects and it became apparent that the fat tolerance test could be performed after the administration of heparin. Therefore, fractional clearance rates of Intralipid were determined before and after heparin in three groups of patients: 18 in chronic renal failure, 11 on peritoneal dialysis and 17 on haemodialysis. Patients on peritoneal dialysis and on haemodialysis had similar serum triglyceride concentrations and comparable fractional clearance rates of Intralipid before heparin was given. However, the latter had significantly smaller increases in fractional rates of Intralipid clearance after the administration of heparin. Either gradual diminution of releasable releasable enzymes by regular heparinisation or activator concentrations becoming rate-limiting could be responsible for the low post-heparin fractional clearance rates observed in haemodialysis patients.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Cancer in patients receiving dialysis.

The incidence of cancer and related mortality was studied in 1651 patients from six dialysis centres in England over 10 years. The only type of cancer for which there was a significant excess was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (four cases observed against an expected incidence of 0.15 (p < 0.001); three deaths against an expected 0.1 (p < 0.001)). This excess could not be attributed to either subsequent transplantation or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Since immunodepression is a feature of chronic renal failure, these observations together with those on patints treated with immunosuppressive drugs suggest that immunosuppression favours the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Studies in which it is concluded that patients receiving dialysis show an excess of other types of cancer have certain shortcomings; the unusual opportunities for detecting cancer in such patients may account for some of the reported excess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Nocturnal polyuria and saluresis in renal allograft recipients.

The evolution of nocturnal polyuria and saluresis in renal allograft recipients was studied by comparing the day to night (D:N) ratios of urine volume and sodium excretion in 15 patients who had undergone transplantation less than one year previously (recent-transplant group) with those in 11 patients who had undergone transplantation at least one year previously. Eleven patients with chronic renal failure and 12 normal subjects served as controls. Patients in the recent-transplant group had significantly lower D:N ratios of urine volume and sodium excretion than the patients who had undergone transplantation at least a year before, while the ratios in this last group did not differ significantly from those in the normal subjects. Nocturnal polyuria and saluresis gradually subsided in five patients studied for three months. Chronic renal failure and uraemic autonomic neuropathy were unlikely causes of the nocturia. The patients in the recent-transplant group had significantly lower D:N ratios of urine volume than the controls with chronic renal failure, and the mean Valsalva ratio in eight of them was not significantly different from that in the normal subjects. An undue sensitivity of renal allografts to postural influences was proposed.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1980

HDL cholesterol and intravenous fat tolerance in dialysis patients.

Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and HDL triglyceride concentrations were determined in 27 dialysis patients and the same number of control subjects. Fat tolerance tests were performed in all dialysis patients and repeated 15 minutes after 100U/kg of heparin given intravenously in haemodialysis patients. Dialysis patients had higher serum triglyceride, lower HDL cholesterol, higher HDL triglyceride concentration, and lower fractional clearance rates of Intralipid than the control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Human calcitonin in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy.

The effects of HCT (0.5 to 1 mg/day subcutaneously), used singly and in combination with a small dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0.25 microgram/day by mouth), have been studied in 16 hemodialysis patients with hypercalcemic hyperparathyroid bone disease for a mean period of 6 months. An intitial improvement occurred in plasma hydroxyproline and hyperparathyroid hormone levels, but there were later rebound increases. There was little overall effect on bone histology, and 10 of the patients had side effects from treatment. HCT in this dose, alone or in combination with small doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3, does not appear to have a major role in the treatment of the hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism of renal osteodystrophy.

Calcitonin↗