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Biomedical subjects

J F Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to J F Shaw.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ultrasound assessment of the problem kidney transplant: a surgical prospective.

Ultrasound investigation contributes to the assessment of transplanted kidneys. Ureteric obstruction and peri-transplant fluid collections are shown satisfactorily, but the differentiation of graft rejection from cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity and continuing acute tubular necrosis is less straightforward. Doppler ultrasound is used to detect changes in graft blood circulation, but the results of such assessment vary between centers, and further improvements are required to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of causes of graft impairment by noninvasive methods.

Cyclosporine↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of serum antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in selected populations from two U.S. cities.

An ELISA was developed for measuring serum antibodies against the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and a closely related isolate termed callitrichid hepatitis virus (CHV). The ELISA was used to test sera from healthy adults and from hepatitis patients. In Birmingham, Alabama, the seropositivity rate for healthy black women was 5.1% (7/138), and the rate for patients with all types of hepatitis or cirrhosis was 4.3% (2/46). In San Antonio, Texas, the seropositivity rate among a clinical series of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis was 0 (0/20), and the rate among persons rejected from blood donation because of high serum alanine aminotransferase levels was 2.4% (2/82). These results indicate that infection with LCMV or CHV is common in Birmingham but that infection is not associated with hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immobilized enzyme system for determination of sialic acid in serum or urine.

An immobilized enzyme system has been developed and employed to determine the concentration of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) in human serum and urine. Two enzyme pairs, neuramindiase-Neu-5-Ac lyase and pyruvate oxidase-peroxidase, have been respectively co-immobilized onto 1,12-aminododecane-agarose with glutaraldehyde. The relative specific activity of the co-immobilized neuraminidase and Neu-5-Ac lyase were 60% and 78%, and those of pyruvate oxidase and peroxidase were 50% and 95% of the corresponding soluble enzymes, respectively. The optimal reaction pH at 37 degrees C for each of the co-immobilized enzymes was about one pH unit higher than that of the corresponding soluble enzyme. The optimal reaction temperature of each enzyme was increased as a result of immobilization. The thermal stability at 45 degrees C of the immobilized neuraminidase, Neu-5-Ac lyase, pyruvate oxidase, and peroxidase were increased 80-, 83-, 115-, and 147-fold, respectively. Km and Vm of each immobilized and co-immobilized enzyme have also been determined. The system provided a convenient and rapid method to determine the concentration of total sialic acid without pretreatment of the sample. The results correlated satisfactorily with those obtained by using a soluble enzyme system. The co-immobilized enzymes were stable for at least 1 year of 500 tests when used repeatedly. The system is thus a reproducible and reliable novel assay method for sialic acid in the serum or urine sample.

Enzymes, Immobilized↗
PubMed1979

Multiple intestinal perforation due to Celestin tube.

Two cases of multiple intestinal perforation caused by the nylon from the core of disintegrating oesophageal Celestin tubes migrating down the alimentary tract are described. It is suggested that Celestin tubes should not be used in patients likely to survive for more than a few months.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The incidence of HLA antigens in black primary open-angle glaucoma patients.

We compared the HLA antigen frequencies in black primary open-angle glaucoma patients to those in black non-glaucomatous patients; normal, nondiseased black persons; and nondiseased North American blacks. We found no statistically significant alteration in HLA antigen frequencies in black open-angle glaucoma patients as compared to a control population.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Conformations of lysine-sensitive aspartokinase.

1. The technique of differential thermal and proteolytic inactivation has been employed as a conformational probe for the lysine-sensitive aspartokinase (EC 2.7.2.4) of Escherichia coli B. 2. L-Amino acid inhibitors of this enzyme each induce a characteristic enzyme conformation. This is evidenced by rates of thermal and proteolytic inactivation and Arrhenius activation energies for thermal inactivation which are characteristic of the amino acid present. 3. Phenylalanine and leucine binding are mutually exclusive as evidenced by competitive behavior in thermal inactivation experiments, suggesting a hydrophobic amino acid binding site with broad specificity. 4. The phenylalanine-dependent conformation and the leucine-dependent conformation differ considerably. In comparison with the native enzyme, the former is more labile to proteolysis by trypsin whereas the latter is more stable. First-order rate constants for thermal inactivation of the phenylalanine- and leucine-dependent conformations are, respectively, about one-half and one-tenth that of the native enzyme. 5. Items 3 and 4 taken together suggest that the conformations are ligand induced and do not arise via ligand stabilization of spontaneously arising conformers.

Aspartate Kinase↗
PubMed1976

Retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients undergoing related living donor renal transplantation.

One hundred consecutive patients receiving related donor kidneys were analyzed in regards to graft and patient survival, morbidity, mortality, histocompatibility and rehabilitation. The average followup was 3 years and 2 months with a minimum post transplant evaluation of one year. Donor morbidity was minimal and the mortality nil. Recipient mortality was 17%, all of which occurred after the first two post transplant months. The most serious life threatening complications after transplantation were due to infection. The greatest morbidity was secondary to aseptic necrosis. The overall graft survival at one year was 94%, 2 years--87%, 3 years--81% and 4 and 5 years--72%. Separation of patients according to tissue typing revealed 95% of recipients with A and B matched kidneys to be alive 5 years later compared to 55% of patients receiving C and D matched kidneys. Rehabilitation was good to excellent in 76% of the living patients and poor in only 4%. These results suggest related donor renal transplantation to be the treatment of choice for patients with chronic renal failure excluding only those individuals who are exceptionally high risks in terms of morbidity and mortality.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

HLA typing.

I present an overview of HLA typing, a method of evaluating donor-recipient compatibility. The major histocompatibility system in man, the HLA region, considered to control the immunologic response to transplantation and perhaps to certain diseases, is discussed in relation to chromosomal location, chromosomal mapping, association with other markers, nomenclature of the gene products (the HLA antigens), inheritance of the HLA antigens, and methods of determining these antigens. Use of HLA typing is currently most applicable in the correlation of certain diseases with HLA antigen frequency, in evaluating donor-recipient pairs for renal and bone marrow transplantation and for transfusion of platelets and granulocytes and in paternity testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Diastematomyelia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of end-stage renal disease by transplantation: clinical results with 111 cases.

The efficacy of renal transplantation for patients with end-stage renal disease was reviewed in 108 patients receiving 111 transplants followed for an average of two and one-half years after transplantation. Overall patient survival decreased 10 per cent per year from 90 per cent after the first year to 70 per cent at three years. Kidney survival was slightly less, with a similar pattern. Patients with better tissue matches and living related donor allografts had fewer and less severe rejections and better ultimate function than did patients with poor tissue matches and cadaver allografts. However, a significant number of patients with poor tissue matches and cadaver allografts had excellent results. Eighty-six per cent of all survivors with functioning kidneys had serum creatinines of 2.0 mg./100 ml. or below. Mortality was associated primarily with sepsis from a variety of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan organisms often associated with other complications such as rejection or gastrointestinal bleeding. Recipients over the age of 40 were in a higher risk group. Rejection per se, however, played a minor role. Urological and skeletal complications were a major source of morbidity but were not associated with mortality.

Adolescent↗