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Biomedical subjects

J F Turner

Publications and source records attributed to J F Turner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Plasmablastic lymphoma of the lung: report of a unique case and review of the literature.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are heterogeneous. Recently, a novel subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring mostly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described and designated as plasmablastic lymphoma. The histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings of this distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been characterized previously. Most patients present with oral cavity involvement. We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as a lung tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this unusual subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in this location.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Acute renal failure, oxalosis, and vitamin C supplementation: a case report and review of the literature.

With the increased use of nonprescription vitamin supplementation, physicians involved in critical care must be aware of the potential complications of these medications. We report the case of a 31-year-old African-American man presenting to the emergency department with acute renal failure. He had previously been well and initially denied the use of any drugs except for vitamin C tablets obtained at a local health food store. This case report and review of the literature is utilized to illustrate the importance of historical data in patients presenting with acute renal failure to a critical care service.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

Endobronchial laser therapy.

We have sought to briefly outline the history and current role of laser therapy in airway obstruction. A primary goal in the use of laser therapy is the safe, effective, and rapid palliation of symptoms owing to tracheal or bronchial obstruction. This seems clearly supported in the literature despite some variation in definitions as to measurement of success. Objective criteria for improvement has also been studied, with authors noting improvement in walk tests, spirometric studies, and caliber of airways after treatment in significant percentages of patients. Patient survival, as noted by Ramser and Beamis, may not be the proper endpoint when discussing therapy, which for malignant causes, is meant to be palliative. Noting this, there are many benign conditions that may be effectively treated with laser therapy with a possible "cure" for some lesions defined as "carcinoma in situ." We believe laser therapy in the treatment of airway obstruction is an important tool that has proven beneficial in the therapy of benign and malignant lesions of the airway. Although future studies should prospectively examine survival characteristics, the current evidence firmly supports the use of laser as a useful modality of therapy in our endeavors to provide palliative and potentially curative care to our patients with lung disease.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1999

The impact of nutritional status on the outcome of lung volume reduction surgery: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence and clinical significance of nutritional deficiencies in patients with emphysema undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University-based teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-one consecutive patients with end-stage emphysema undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for LVRS. INTERVENTIONS: All patients had their body mass index (BMI) and serum nutritional indexes (albumin, transferrin, total protein, cholesterol) measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Various clinical parameters were also compared between two groups. RESULTS: The BMI was normal in 24 patients (47%), and 27 patients (53%) had a below normal BMI. A preoperative analysis of the serum nutritional indexes revealed no clinically significant differences between the two groups, but postoperative levels were significantly lower in the low BMI group. Anthropometric measurements supported the designation of nutritional status by BMI. Clinically, 26% of the patients in the low BMI group required prolonged ventilatory support (> 24 h), compared to only 4% of the patients with a normal BMI. The hospital length of stay (LOS) also differed, averaging 15.9 days in the low BMI group, compared to an average of 11.8 days in the normal BMI group. CONCLUSION: Approximately 50% of patients undergoing LVRS for emphysema have a deficient nutritional status identifiable by BMI, but not by standard nutritional indexes. This impaired nutritional status is associated with increased morbidity following LVRS. We suggest that BMI is an accurate determinant of nutritional status in this patient population, and we speculate that preoperative repletion of nutritional deficiencies may decrease hospital morbidity, hospital LOS, and overall costs in the malnourished population undergoing LVRS.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Relative rates of AIDS among racial/ethnic groups by exposure categories.

The relative rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were calculated among racial/ethnic populations using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/Surveillance reports assuming that racial/ethnic distributions reflect that of the US Census Data from 1990. For comparison, a rate of 1 was assigned to whites in each calculation. The overall relative rates were whites--1, African Americans--4.7, Hispanics--3, Asian/Pacific Islanders--0.4, and Native Americans--0.5. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance data show higher rates of AIDS for African Americans and Hispanics compared with whites, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans. The relative rates for African Americans and Hispanics compared with whites were highest for injecting drug users, heterosexual contact, and pediatric patients. These results led us to explore possible explanations for increased AIDS reporting in African Americans and Hispanics. We then explored available national datasets regarding those variables. The analyses indicate that variables such as access and receptivity to HIV prevention and treatment efforts, race/ethnicity, sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases, socioeconomic status, and substance abuse interact in a complex fashion to influence HIV transmission and progression to AIDS in affected communities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Systemic small noncleaved cell lymphoma presenting as a posterior choroidal mass.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with intraocular involvement by systemic, small noncleaved cell lymphoma. METHODS: Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: A patient presented with a diffusely elevated choroidal mass. Systemic evaluation led to the diagnosis of unsuspected disseminated lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Small noncleaved cell lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a choroidal mass.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Transtracheal oxygen catheterization with pneumomediastinum and sudden death.

A 69-year-old man with hypoxemic COPD underwent placement of a transtracheal oxygen (TTO) catheter. At 3 months, the catheter tract appeared mature with minimal erythema and no evidence of infection at the catheter site. The patient and his spouse were taught to remove and reinsert the catheter but were told to delay beginning the procedure due to erythema at the stoma site. Despite instructions not to remove the catheter for cleaning, the spouse removed the TTO catheter and attempted to reinsert it using the flexible metal cleaning rod. Subsequently, the patient suffered an acute episode of subcutaneous air and hemodynamic collapse resulting in death. Necropsy revealed a false catheter tract occluded by clotted blood and a defect in the platysma muscle where oxygen had dissected into the mediastinum. The patient died due to pneumomediastinum and cardiac tamponade.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Intrinsic PEEP and unilateral lung hyperinflation. Pathophysiology and clinical significance.

Over a 14-month period, three patients developed unilateral lung hyperinflation during mechanical ventilation as a manifestation of intrinsic PEEP. These patients all had a history of CAO and an inflammatory or fibrotic disease process involving the contralateral lung. Physicians caring for patients with CAO need to be familiar with this presentation of intrinsic PEEP due to the associated barotrauma and cardiac dysfunction which can result from it.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Kinetic studies of fructokinase I of pea seeds.

Fructokinase I of pea seeds has been purified to homogeneity and the enzyme shown to be monomeric, with a molecular weight of 72,000 +/- 4000. The reaction mechanism was investigated by means of initial velocity studies. Both substrates inhibited the enzyme; the inhibition caused by MgATP was linear-uncompetitive with respect to fructose whereas that caused by D-fructose was hyperbolic-noncompetitive against MgATP. The product D-fructose 6-phosphate caused hyperbolic-noncompetitive inhibition with respect to both substrates. MgADP caused noncompetitive inhibition, which gave intercept and slope replots that were linear with D-fructose but hyperbolic with MgATP. Free Mg2+ caused linear-uncompetitive inhibition when either substrate was varied. L-Sorbose and beta, gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate were used as analogs of D-fructose and MgATP, respectively. Inhibition experiments using these compounds indicated that substrate addition was steady-state ordered, with MgATP adding first. The product inhibition experiments were found to be consistent with a steady-state random release of products. The substrate inhibition caused by MgATP was most likely due to the formation of an enzyme-MgATP-product dead-end complex, whereas that caused by D-fructose was due to alternative pathways in the reaction mechanism. The inhibition caused by Mg2+ can be explained in terms of a dead-end complex with either a central complex or an enzyme-product complex.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1977

Glucokinase of pea seeds.

1. Glucokinase (ATP : D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.2) was extracted from pea seeds and purified by fractionation with (NH4)2SO4 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex. 2. The relative rates of phosphorylation of glucose, mannose and fructose (final concentration 5 mM) were 100, 64 and 11. 3. The Km for glucose of pea-seed glucokinase was 70 muM and the Km for mannose was 0.5 mM. The Km for fructose was much higher (30 mM). 4. Mg2+ ions were essential for activity. Mn2+ could partially replace Mg2+. 5. Enzyme activity was not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate. A number of other metabolites had no effect on glucokinase activity. 6. Pea-seed glucokinase was inhibited by relatively low concentrations of ADP.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗