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Biomedical subjects

J F Viel

Publications and source records attributed to J F Viel.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Depression in Benin: an assessment using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and the principal component analysis.

Ninety two major depressed outpatients were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) in Cotonou, in Benin (West-Africa). Patients satisfied modified DSM III major depression criteria and were French-speaking. Men, civil servants, and city dwellers were over-represented in the population sample. The examination of item frequency yielded rather 'western-like' clinical features of depression: with differences described previously: a lower frequency of suicidal thoughts and guilt feelings, a higher frequency of somatic complaints and ideas of persecution. Principal component analysis reinforced 'western-like' aspects. The relationship between the so-called 'western culture-bound symptoms' and the so-called 'African ones' is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors associated with hepatitis B or C markers or elevated alanine aminotransferase level among blood donors on a tropical island: the Guadeloupe experience.

Donated blood is currently screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis. A prospective study of 2368 blood donors was carried out in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) with a view to determining the risk factors associated with serologic abnormalities. Blood donors included in the study had to complete a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed on the data thus obtained: 571 donations (24%) were positive for at least one of the four analyzed markers. The results were that 3.2 percent were positive for HBsAg, 22 percent for anti-HBc, and 0.8 percent for anti-HCV, and 1.4 percent had ALT > or = 45 IU per L. A good correlation was found between anti-HCV and elevated ALT. Transfusion history and two socioeconomic categories (working class, military personnel) were found to be risk factors. Other risk factors were lifelong residence in Guadeloupe (with risk increasing with the number of years), birthplace and current residence in the southern part of the island, and the existence of gastrointestinal discomfort unrelated to viral hepatitis (odds ratio = 2.98). The results of this study illustrate the difficulty of implementing a preventive policy against posttransfusion hepatitis in a tropical area. The unique epidemiologic situation of Guadeloupe as regards hepatitis B virus has led to more restrictive criteria for the acceptance of blood donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Soluble interleukin-2 receptor assay is unhelpful in chronic inflammatory rheumatism].

The level of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (SIL2-R), which reflects lymphocyte activation, is often described as a useful parameter for evaluating disease activity and progression in patients with inflammatory conditions. Serum SIL2-R was assayed using a sandwich ELISA method in 98 subjects including 38 controls (C), 36 patients with ankylosing spondylarthropathy (AS) and 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SIL2-R levels were higher in RA patients than in controls and AS patients (p < 10(-4)), whereas the difference between AS patients and controls was small (p = 0.02). In RA patients, SIL2-R levels were not correlated with any of the clinical or biological parameters studied and remained unchanged during clinical improvements. In the AS group, SIL2-R levels showed no correlations with inflammation parameters (CRP, IgA) and was similar in patients with and without HLA B27 or appendicular joint involvement. This study failed to provide any evidence that SIL2-R levels are helpful for monitoring patients with inflammatory joint disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spectral analysis of electroencephalography data in athletes with low erythrocyte magnesium.

In a population of high level athletes (kayakists) we compared quantitative electroencephalography data in those with low erythrocyte (magnesium magnesium deficit) and those with normal magnesium (controls). Logistic regression showed that the relative power of the alpha frequency band in the occipital lead is the most discriminant (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between low erythrocyte magnesium and alpha relative power (P < 0.05). An alteration of magnesium homeostasis could explain the occurrence of magnesium deficiency in athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adult leukemia and farm practices: an alternative approach for assessing geographical pesticide exposure.

Many studies have attempted to show a significant relationship between leukemia and farm practices, and some of them mention the potential responsibility of pesticide exposure. In this study, a pesticide exposure index (PEI) is established for geographical units at a small scale. It measures, as accurately as possible, the exposure of the farming population to pesticides, taking into account differential practices in the treatment of different crops as well as an estimate of the time per inhabitant spent cultivating each crop. This approach was developed in southern Normandy, an area of France exhibiting strong contrasts of agricultural activities, and where the necessary agricultural surveys at a small geographical level were available. Statistically significant increasing trends between leukemia mortality of males over 15 on one hand and the PEI and the proportion of agricultural land growing cereals on the other hand were found.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Combined diagnostic value of biochemical markers in acute pancreatitis.

Eighty-three patients suffering from upper abdominal pain were studied to evaluate the contribution of commonly used biochemical markers in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. On admission to hospital, serum amylase, lipase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities were measured. By stepwise logistic discrimination, only two determinations appeared to be of clinical value: lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities. A classification rule was established including these two measurements and its diagnostic performance evaluated by a jackknifed method amounted .83%. ROC curves were used to assess sensitivity and specificity. Our study clearly shows that serum lipase measurements should be preferred to amylase measurements, and that our two-test classification rule provides an efficient aid in clinical decision-making.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Chromosomal prenatal diagnosis: study of 936 cases of intrauterine abnormalities after ultrasound assessment.

Nine hundred and thirty-six prenatal chromosomal analyses were performed by four cytogenetic centres after ultrasound diagnosis of fetal abnormalities, amniotic fluid disorders, fetal growth retardation, and fetal or placental abnormalities. During the same period, 6515 fetal karyotypes were analysed because of maternal age. Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in each case were respectively 4.4, 6.7 and 15.8 per cent, compared with 3.18 per cent when the fetal karyotype was performed because of maternal age. High rates of chromosomal aberrations are observed in cases of cervical hygroma, limb abnormalities, omphaloceles, duodenal stenosis, hydrocephalus, and facial abnormalities. In the case of polymalformations, this rate was 29.2 per cent. When malformations were seen together with an amniotic fluid disorder or growth retardation, 21.5 per cent chromosomal aberrations were observed. This frequency was 10.4 per cent when growth retardation was associated with an amniotic fluid disorder. Trisomy 13, 18, 21 and monosomy X accounted for 4/5 of all abnormalities in which we observed a high rate of triploidies (4.9 per cent) and balanced (3.3 per cent) or unbalanced (9.8 per cent) non-Robertsonian structural abnormalities. Sonographic ascertainment of these aberrations and prenatal characteristics of major anomalies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Blood levels of molybdenum, selenium and copper at delivery].

Molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) plasma levels were studied at delivery in 38 women (1 twin pregnancy). The influence of parity (P) (2.5 +/- 1.7) gestational age (GA) (38.6 +/- 3.2 weeks), birthweight (BW) (3,120 +/- 695 g) and Apgar score upon these levels were assessed. Mother (M) and cord (C) blood values were 15.0 +/- 7.8 and 15.0 +/- 9.3 nmol/l respectively for Mo, 0.54 +/- 0.12 and 0.47 +/- 014 mumol/l for Se and 27.6 +/- 5.9 and 5.5 +/- 3.3 mumol/l for Cu. C and M values for Se and Cu were statistically different (alpha less than 0.02, alpha less than 0.001). There was a significant correlation between C and M for Mo levels (r = 0.41; p = 1.9%) and Cu levels (r = 0.47; p = 0.35%), between Cu C levels and GA (r = 0.54; p = 0.6%) and between Se, C levels and BW (r = 0.66; p = 1.9%). There was no correlation between the levels of the trace elements studied. This study shows that fetal levels of Mo vary with those of the mothers. On the other hand, the levels of Se in the fetus seem to be protected from variations observed in the mothers. The antagonism between Cu and Mo which had been previously demonstrated in the fetal liver was not found in blood.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

[Cancer incidence in the department of la Manche: heterogeneity and geographic autocorrelation].

In order to demonstrate systematic spatial variations of cancer morbidity in the French "department of la Manche" (1979-1981), heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation tests are performed. The "canton" (electoral ward of around 10,000 inhabitants) is retained as the statistical unit and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) in each ward for the most frequent cancer sites, as morbidity rate. For males, three cancers show organized patterns: upper respiratory and digestive tract cancers with a North/South gradient; lung and other respiratory cancers mainly in the urban wards; and cancer of the skin with a high incidence on the West coast and a low incidence in the northern area. For females, cancer of the skin is the only one to show significant spatial variation characterized by a pronounced South/North gradient. The possible etiological factors involved are discussed for each cancer site.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Free triiodothyronine measured in dried blood spots from normal, low-birth-weight, and hypothyroid neonates.

Free triiodothyronine (FT3) has rarely been studied in neonates, primarily because of obvious problems in obtaining serum samples from neonates for research purposes. We adapted an analog radioimmunoassay for measuring FT3 in dried blood samples and used it to assay 361 samples selected from those collected for the screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. The mean FT3 concentration in healthy neonates on the fourth postpartum day is 2.55 pmol per liter of whole blood (SD 0.78 pmol/L, n = 145), the same as in healthy adults. Low-birth-weight infants have a decreased concentration of FT3, and this decrease is much greater in premature neonates than in infants at low weight for gestational age. In six hypothyroid newborns, the FT3 concentration was normal or increased, clearly indicating that FT3 assay is not a diagnostic tool for hypothyroidism. FT3 was barely detectable in one case of congenital galactosemia.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Classification of perinatal deaths as a function of birth weight and gestational age. New methodologic approach].

Perinatal mortality is closely related to infant birth weight. However, the examination of both gestational age and birth weight provides a more comprehensive approach. This study presents a method of evaluation which is readily applicable. Data were obtained from the computerized files of the maternity ward of the University Hospital of Caen. This report is based on case-reports of 17,952 single births, from May 1980 to July 1985 (cases of multiple birth have not been considered since their age/weight relationships are usually different). All stillborn infants and those who died within the first week of life were considered. Any infant whose gestational age was 28 weeks or more but who showed no sign of life at birth was considered stillborn. Gestational age was determined from the mother's last menstrual period, providing it concurred with the obstetrical evaluation (i.e. echographic measurements of foetus before 20 weeks of gestation). If not, the clinical evaluation was retained. Results are presented in the form of blocks, each one representing 1 week of gestational age and a birth weight of 500 g. The perinatal mortality rate was calculated for each block. Blocks of similar mortality rates (i.e. with no significant difference) were then pooled by means of a recently published method [3]. This difference between the mortality rates of 2 blocks (in percentages) may be measured by means of the chi-square test. The test enables the evaluation of the "distance" between two adjacent zones, which can be calculated for all the blocks of the graph, by pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

[Biological criteria for the evaluation of prophylactic treatment with a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165)].

Efficacy of a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165) was compared with that of non-fractionated heparin in the prevention of abdominal surgery postoperative venous thrombosis by means of a double-blind randomized trial in 79 patients. Determination of D. dimers in these patients allowed assessment of specificity of this assay for detection of postoperative venous thrombosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disease mapping models: an empirical evaluation. Disease Mapping Collaborative Group.

The analysis of small area disease incidence has now developed to a degree where many methods have been proposed. However, there are few studies of the relative merits of the methods available. While many Bayesian models have been examined with respect to prior sensitivity, it is clear that wider comparisons of methods are largely missing from the literature. In this paper we present some preliminary results concerning the goodness-of-fit of a variety of disease mapping methods to simulated data for disease incidence derived from a range of models. These simulated models cover simple risk gradients to more complex true risk structures, including spatial correlation. The main general results presented here show that the gamma-Poisson exchangeable model and the Besag, York and Mollie (BYM) model are most robust across a range of diverse models. Mixture models are less robust. Non-parametric smoothing methods perform badly in general. Linear Bayes methods display behaviour similar to that of the gamma-Poisson methods.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tests for directional space-time interaction in epidemiological data.

Spatial incidence of disease is often recorded with time of occurrence as an ordering label. This ordering can be used to provide distance based tests for joint clustering of cases in space and time. Two different tests are proposed: one where a control disease is available, and the other where only standardized rates within census regions are available.

Child↗