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J F Vieu

Publications and source records attributed to J F Vieu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of Acinetobacter and resistance to antibiotics at hospitals. A 5-year evaluation].

The growing number of Acinetobacter strains in hospitals and the rapid increase of their resistance to antibiotics have prompted us to undertake a long-term epidemiological study of this resistance at the Bichat hospital, Paris. Between 1971 and 1984, the resistance of Acinetobacter to antibiotics had already progressed, with only some antibiotics (imipenem, ceftazidime, tobramycin and amikacin) remaining active. During the following 5 years (1984-1988) a study of 1056 strains demonstrated a further increase of resistance and showed how serious the problem was in intensive care units. During the last few years, there has been a considerable increase in the proportion of multiresistant strains, reaching 84 per cent with beta-lactam antibiotics and 64 per cent with aminoglycosides. At present, in most cases the only effective treatment is imipenem, and no antibiotic is active in 5.5 per cent of the cases. Studies of lysotypes, enzymes and phenotypic resistance of bacterial strains completed the epidemiological approach, showing the presence of dominant lysotypes. Two predominant lysotypes are associated with multiresistance of Acinetobacter strains responsible for nosocomial infections.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1990

A study of the relationships between antibiotic resistance phenotypes, phage-typing and biotyping of 117 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp.

Two typing systems were used to conduct an epidemiological study of Acinetobacter and to establish their relationship to antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Biotyping was performed with biochemical tests according to the new definition of Acinetobacter baumannii (18 biotypes). Phage typing included two complementary systems: 125 phage-types and 25 subtypes. Resistance phenotype analysis included 11 antibiotics. The results of the study showed that: (1) nine phage-types or subtypes (67%) and two groups of atypical phage-types (5%) or of untypable strains (28%), could be defined; (2) all strains that were resistant to carboxy/ureido-penicillins and cephalosporins (62%) belonged to biotypes 6 or 9; among them 70% belonged to phage-types 17 or 124; (3) imipenem resistance was observed in five isolates of biotype 9 and one of biotype 6; (4) a phenotype including resistance to third generation cephalosporins (but not carboxypenicillins) and to amikacin (but not tobramycin) represented 8.5% of the isolates; 90% of them belonged to biotype 1 and were not phage-typable; (5) 15% of the isolates were not identified as A. baumannii; among them five Acinetobacter haemolyticus strains all had the same resistance phenotype: amikacin-tobramycin-kanamycin-netilmicin resistant; they were however, susceptible to beta-lactams and to gentamicin. There was a clear relationship between biotypes 6 and 9 and phage-types 17 and 124 which were the strains most resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides and were predominant in the survey. The three typing systems were complementary but it seems that antibiotic resistance phenotypes and one of the two other typing systems would be required in parallel to provide suitable information for epidemiological purposes.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1990

Dissemination of amikacin resistance gene aphA6 in Acinetobacter spp.

The distribution of the aphA6 gene, encoding a 3'-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type VI, was studied by dot blot hybridization with 115 amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter strains from various geographical areas. Nucleotide sequences related to aphA6 were found in 109 strains belonging to seven species. As inferred from results of Southern hybridization, dissemination of amikacin resistance in Acinetobacter spp. is due to a gene rather than a strain or plasmid epidemic.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1990

Species, biotype, and bacteriophage type determinations compared with cell envelope protein profiles for typing Acinetobacter strains.

Species, biotypes, and phage types were determined for 120 Acinetobacter strains from clinical or environmental sources or from culture collections. These characteristics were compared with cell envelope protein profiles obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in previous studies. A considerable heterogeneity of species and types was observed by use of the various methods, in particular among strains from different sources. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most commonly found species in isolates from clinical sources, followed by Acinetobacter species 3. Nine biotypes were observed among A. baumannii strains. Further differentiation within most species and biotypes was achieved by protein profile typing and, to some extent, phage typing. Of 120 strains, 49 (41%) were not typeable by phages. Consistent results for the various classification methods were obtained for strains from common sources. Biotyping seemed an appropriate method for the screening of strains, whereas protein profile and phage typing could serve as additional methods to establish the identity or nonidentity of strains. Results of this study suggest that the combination of the typing methods is useful in epidemiological studies.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1989

A comparative assay of epidemiological markers for Acinetobacter strains isolated in a hospital.

A comparative assay for epidemiological evaluation of three different Acinetobacter typing procedures, i.e. biotyping, phage-typing, and the analysis of the bacterial envelope protein profiles, was carried out using sixty-four multiresistant Acinetobacter strains isolated from clinical specimens. The antibiotic susceptibility of the strains was also considered. After geno-species identification, biotyping allowed the recognition of a relatively large and long-lasting presence, at an Intensive Therapy Unit, of two A. baumannii biotypes. Phage-typing and the analysis of the susceptibility to antibiotics allowed for the differentiation of strains belonging to different geno-species and biotypes, and in some cases also to the same biotypes. On the contrary, the analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cell-envelope proteins failed to show any diversity not only within, but also between some of the biotypes of A. baumannii, the most prevalent species of the genus in the hospital environment.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1988

[d-Tartrate-positive Salmonella paratyphi B (var. java): lysotype of 1200 strains isolated in France (1975-1985)].

The 1200 d-tartrate positive (dt+) strains of S. paratyphi B, isolated in France during the period 1975-1985, were studied with the aid of the Felix and Callow phage-typing system and the results were compared with those of the study of 1945 d-tartrate negative (dt-) strains of S. paratyphi B examined by means of the same phage-typing method. 2359 dt+ and dt- strains were typable and could be assigned to 25 recognized phage-types. A great variation in the number of strains of each biovar was observed in some phage-types. The proportion of dt+ strains was very high (more than 80%) in four of the most frequent phage-types: 1 var. 3 (87.5%), 1 var. 4 (88.1%), Battersea (90.4%), Worksop (100%); but this proportion was low or very low in eight other frequent phage-types: 1 (29%), BAOR (21.1%), 3aI var. 1 (6.1%), Beccles (5.1%), 3aI var. 4 (4.8%), Dundee (4.7%), 3aI (2.7%), Taunton (2.1%). No recognized phage-type found in France can be considered to be specific of the variety java of S. paratyphi B, with the exception of the phage-type Workshop of all which 76 strains were dt+. On the other hand, 422 dt+ strains were atypical and 93 other were untypable by phages. Among 211 dt+ strains isolated from frozen foods imported from South East Asia, 81.3% were atypical. Six new atypical phage-types were defined and proposed for inclusion into the phage-typing schema which is commonly used in epidemiological investigations on human and animal infections due to either of the two biovars of S. paratyphi B.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The antigen H:z66 in 1,000 strains of Salmonella typhi from the Antilles, Central America and South America].

The research of the flagellar antigen H:z66 of Salmonella typhi was performed in 1,000 strains from the West Indies, Central America and South America. A method based on the immobilization of motile strains in soft agar with immune serum anti-H: d was used to detect strains carrying this flagellar antigen. No strains had antigen H:z66 irrespective to their biovar, phage-type, colicinogeny, drug susceptibility and geographical origin. Future investigations are needed for a better knowledge of the worldwide distribution of Salmonella typhi strains carrying antigen H:z66.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital infection in the Ivory Coast].

210 P. aeruginosa hospital strains isolated at Abidjan from pathological samples or contaminated material were studied by means of serotyping, biotyping, phage-typing and for their resistance to eleven antibiotics. 87% were classified into 14 serogroups: O:1, O:2, O:3, O:4, O:5, O:6, O:8, O:9, O:10, O:11, O:12, O:13, O:15, O:16. No strains were O:7 or O:14. The presence of an ortho-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside hydrolase was demonstrated in 42 strains belonging to the serogroup O:11. Sixty-five phage-types were defined but 37% of strains were untypable by phages. The incidence of resistance to each tested antibiotic was as follows: carbenicillin 49%, mezlocillin 44%, ticarcillin 34%, azlocillin 25%, cefamandole 94%, latamoxef 15%, cefotaxime 41%, cefsulodin 32%, tobramycin 35%, amikacin 7%, gentamicin 39%. Thirty-eight strains were multiresistant to carbenicillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, and four strains to eleven antibiotics. These results are compared with data of the scientific literature on the epidemiology of hospital Pseudomonas infection.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mauritania: study of 239 strains of various origins].

239 strains (173 from hospital infections, 20 from carriers, 46 from animal infections and environment) were studied with regard to their serogroups, biovars, phage-types and drug-resistance. 82.2% of all strains were typable by specific immune sera and distributed in 15 serogroups (0:1, 0:2, 0:3, 0:4, 0:5, 0:6, 0:7, 0:8, 0:9, 0:10, 0:11, 0:12, 0:13, 0:15, 0:16). Among them, 8 were ubiquitous (0:1, 0:3, 0:4, 0:5, 0:8, 0:9, 0:11 and 0:16) and found in hospital patients, carriers, animals and environment. Thirty-five 0:11 strains and four no agglutinable strains produced an orthonitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside hydrolase (ONPG +). Among 183 strains typable by phages of the Lindberg phage-typing system, 96 different phage-types were recognized. The proportions of the strains untypable by phages were 8.6% for animal strains, 23.6% for hospital strains and 55% for strains from carriers. The frequency of the resistance to each of eleven tested antibiotics was as follows: carbenicillin: 48%, ticarcillin: 12.2%, azlocillin: 9.1%, cefotaxime: 22.8%, cefsulodin: 27.4%, ceftazidime: 0.5%, latamoxef: 6.2%, gentamycin: 12.2%, amikacin: 15.4%, tobramycin: 12.5%, norfloxacin: 0%. However, 18.7% of hospital strains, 65% from carriers and 92.5% of animal or environmental strains were susceptible to all of these antibiotics. These results are compared with those from a previous report on epidemiology of P. aeruginosa hospital infection in Ivory-Coast (Dosso, Vieu et al., Bull. Soc. Path. exot., 1987, 80, 19-27) and with the data of the scientific literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Prevalence of lysotype No. 3 of Salmonella paratyphi A in Peru].

Sixty-nine S. paratyphi A strains isolated from Peru were studied with the aid of the phage-typing system of Banker. 55 strains (79.7%) showed specific lytic reactions of the phage-type no 3 and 12 strains (17.3%) those of the phage-type no 1; one strain was atypical and another untypable. All of these strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. These results are compared with the data of the scientific literature on the worldwide distribution of the S. paratyphi A phage-types.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Plasmid-mediated resistance to multiple antibiotics in Salmonella typhi.

Two hundred forty-one strains of Salmonella typhii isolated in Lima, Peru, from October 1981 through February 1983 were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Seventy-two strains (29.9%) were resistant to chloramphenicol and other antibiotics, including ampicillin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 17 antimicrobial agents were determined for all of these chloramphenicol-resistant strains. Sch 25393, new beta-lactams, new quinolones, and the formulation clavulanic acid-amoxicillin were effective against all the strains. Four different resistance patterns distributed among eight phage types were observed. The 72 resistant S. typhi could transfer the resistance marker into Escherichia coli C1, and all the plasmids belonged to the incompatibility group H1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Absence of the antigen H:z66 in 2355 strains of Salmonella typhi from Madagascar and several countries of tropical Africa].

The presence of the new flagellar antigen H:z66 (Guinée, 1981) was investigated among 2,355 strains of S. typhi isolated from 1981 to 1985 in Madagascar and some countries of tropical Africa: Burundi, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Mauritania, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Senegal, Zaïre. A method based on the immobilization of motile strains in soft agar with immunserum anti-H:d, was used to detect strains carrying antigen H:z66. No African and malagazy strains had antigen H:z66, irrespective to their biovar, phage-type, drug susceptibility and geographical origin. These results were compared with a study of 2,121 indigenous or imported strains of S. typhi isolated in France during the same period. Except 4 strains from patients contaminated in Indonesia, all of them were also devoid of antigen H:z66. Future research is needed for a complete assessment of the geographical distribution of S. typhi antigen H:z66.

Africa↗
PubMed1984

Classification of Vibrio bacteriophages.

85 Vibrio phages, 84 of them tailed and 1 filamentous, were surveyed. The tailed phages belonged to six basic morphotypes and to the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, or Podoviridae families. 63 phages were classified into 18 species. The filamentous phage is a member of the Inovirus genus of the Inoviridae family. Vibrio phages are very heterogenous and include some morphologically interesting viruses. Several Vibrio phages closely resemble phages of other gram-negative bacteria, possibly indicating phylogenetic relationships between their hosts.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1984

Phage-types and susceptibility to 26 antibiotics of nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter isolated in Portugal.

Sixty-two strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from pathological samples or from the environment in several hospitals in Lisbon, were studied by means of two complementary phage-typing systems. Eighteen phage-types or sub-types, one group of uncommon types (9.6%) and one group of untypable strains (20.9%) were found. A new phage-type (No. 104) and a new sub-type (No. 18) were defined among the Portuguese strains. The in vitro activity of 26 antibiotics against 48 nosocomial strains was studied by the Kirby-Bauer method. The most active antibiotics were, in decreasing order, amikacin, carbenicillin, tobramycin, minocycline, dibekacin, doxycycline, sisomycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxacole, ticarcillin and piperacillin. The strains were also tested against 4 new beta-lactam antibiotics, and the MICs were determined by an agar dilution method. N-formimidoyl-thienamycin was found to be the most active against Acinetobacter and ceftazidime was considerably more active than apalcillin and cefotaxime.

Acinetobacter↗