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Biomedical subjects

J Favrod

Publications and source records attributed to J Favrod.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the effectiveness of anti-psychotic pharmacotherapy, residual hallucinations and delusions do not completely resolve in some medicated patients. Additional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) seems to improve the management of positive symptoms. Despite promising results, the efficacy of CBT is still unclear. The present study addresses this issue taking into account a number of newly published controlled studies. METHOD: Fourteen studies including 1484 patients, published between 1990 and 2004 were identified and a meta-analysis of their results performed. RESULTS: Compared to other adjunctive measures, CBT showed significant reduction in positive symptoms and there was a higher benefit of CBT for patients suffering an acute psychotic episode versus the chronic condition (effect size of 0.57 vs. 0.27). DISCUSSION: CBT is a promising adjunctive treatment for positive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, a number of potentially modifying variables have not yet been examined, such as therapeutic alliance and neuropsychological deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Benevolent voices are not so kind: the functional significance of auditory hallucinations.

BACKGROUND: This study measures the impact of beliefs about auditory hallucinations on social functioning. SAMPLING AND METHODS: Twenty-nine subjects who met the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia or a schizo-affective disorder were included. Beliefs about voices and coping responses as measured by the Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire were compared with social functioning as assessed with the Life Skills Profile (LSP). RESULTS: The belief that voices are benevolent was associated with poor communication. Engagement with voices was correlated with the non-turbulence and the compliance factors of the LSP. Patients who held the belief that their voices were benevolent functioned significantly more poorly on the communication factor of the LSP than patients who interpreted their voices as malevolent. DISCUSSION: The results indicate that a positive relationship with voices may affect social functioning. However, the size of the sample is small and patients with benevolent voices are overrepresented. Nonetheless, these results have implications for the use of cognitive therapy for psychotic symptoms.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Validation of the French Version of the Life Skills Profile with people suffering of schizophrenia].

INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery of neuroleptics and the reintegration of people with schizophrenia in the community, psycho-social reeducation became an essential part of the treatment. The Life Skills Profile is a tool of reference for assessment of the dimensions, which have an impact on the adaptation in community. Each item describes an observable behavior, written in common language, to allow the care-givers and the family to evaluate it without having a specific formation. The long version (39 items) is recommended for therapeutic interventions with a person and the short one (20 items) for large scale studies on outcome in community. AIM OF THE STUDY: In order to dispose of a measure of function and disability in schizophrenia, we have translated the Life Skills Profile (LSP) in French and tested the validity of this translation for the long version (39 items) and the short ones (16 and 20 items). The 4 dimensions of the 16-items version--"withdrawal", "self-care", "compliance" and "antisocial"--were used for people with mental disorders and the 20-items version enhanced with a fifth dimension "bizarre", especially useful for people with schizophrenia. METHOD: 175 people suffering of schizophrenia (DSM IV, codes F20.0 to F20.5) were evaluated by their caregivers in 3 settings: psychiatric hospital, ambulatory care and sheltered homes. Confirmatory factorial analyses were performed to test the dimensional models and their psychometric characteristics were established. RESULTS: The original structure in 5 dimensions of the long version (39 items) is not confirmed. However, the short versions in 16 and 20 items were confirmed, without any modification. The required psychometric qualities of reliability and validity of the 20-items version were fulfilled. The inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.65 to 0.75 for the 5 dimensions; the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.80 to 0.91 and the internal consistency from 0.67 to 0.81. The validity was evaluated by comparison of the LSP scores upon living arrangements (people living in sheltered homes had lesser scores) and pathologies (19 people with severe major depression had higher scores). CONCLUSION: The 39-items version of the Life Skills Profile was not validated in French. However, for clinical practice of social rehabilitation, this tool remains useful for a single person to check specific behaviors, which could hinder his/her integration into the community, to plan specific interventions and to evaluate changes, in addition with other scales. By the validation of the short version of the Life Skills Profile, an instrument is at disposal in French for outcome studies which allow to: 1) quickly assess the social functioning of person suffering of schizophrenia by a caregiver or a family member; 2) to detect insufficient skills in specific domains; and 3) to evaluate therapeutic efficiency.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Patient education about neuroleptic treatment, can it reduce costs? A pilot study].

Costs generated by chronically mentally ill are very high. Concerning direct costs (hospitalisations, outpatient services, medications), they are estimated from 120,000 to 160,000 french francs per year. Indirect costs (social security, gain lost) are assessed as being at least three times more than direct costs. Trimestrial costs, charged to insurance, of the first fourteen patients who followed the UCLA medication management module, have been retrospectively calculated on the base of the number of consultations, days at the hospital and community day center during the previous and following year of the introduction of the program. The intervention lasts 3 months with two weekly sessions of 1 h 30. The medication module aims the following goals: 1) Obtaining information about antipsychotic medication; 2) Knowing correct self-administration and evaluation of medication; 3) Identifying side effects of medication; and 4) Negotiating medication issues with health-care providers. The mean trimestrial costs curve goes down following the application of the program and this reduction continues 9 months after the end of the intervention. The small numbers of patients and the absence of control group do not allow to draw conclusions about these results. However, these data provide support to formulate an hypothesis about the effect of the module on medication compliance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of a coordinated management program on the outcome of a cohort of ambulatory psychiatric patients].

This study describes a one year follow-up study of 53 ambulatory patients treated with case management oriented care. These patients, characterized by a chronic evolution for an average of 10 years, presented after a one year period a significant improvement of different symptomatic parameters (positive and negative psychotic symptoms). Psychosocial adaptation was also improved for their dependency, their activity and the amount of their social contacts. These results underline the usefulness of case management, which permits an optimal use of available therapeutic facilities. Moreover, the setting of such a program allows a more specifical treatment of this category of patients.

Adult↗