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Biomedical subjects

J Feghali

Publications and source records attributed to J Feghali.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy for cranial base access: an evaluation of 9 patients.

PURPOSE: This article discusses the use of the 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy to gain access to the cranial base and the authors' experiences with this technique. METHODS: Medical records of patients who required surgical access to the cranial base were retrospectively reviewed, and demographic data, procedures done, postoperative results, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Nine patients underwent a 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy. Complications included development of a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery in 1 patient, 2 cerebrospinal fluid leaks, both of which resolved, and 1 patient who lost 2 teeth and some associated bone. CONCLUSION: The 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy provides excellent access to the clival region of the cranial base with minimal complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Use of organotypic cultures of Corti's organ to study the protective effects of antioxidant molecules on cisplatin-induced damage of auditory hair cells.

HYPOTHESIS: Cisplatin causes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which interferes with the antioxidant defense system of Corti's organ and results in damage to the hair cells. BACKGROUND: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with the dose-limiting side effect of ototoxicity. Evidence is accumulating that cisplatin interferes with the antioxidant defense system of Corti's organ. METHODS: Organotypic explants of P-3 rat organ of Corti were the in vitro model system. Presence of intact auditory hair cells and stereocilia bundle integrity was assayed by phalloidin-FITC staining. Fluorescent dye probes detected H2O2 and intracellular thiol [e.g., glutathione (GSH)]. Spectrophotometric analysis determined antioxidant enzyme levels. RESULTS: There was a rapid dose-dependent cisplatin cytotoxicity in the explants after 48 h of exposure. An accumulation of H2O2 and a reduction of GSH levels were observed within cisplatin-exposed hair cells. L-buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH formation, enhanced cisplatin ototoxicity, whereas N6-(2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine, an adenosine agonist, elevated antioxidant enzyme levels and ameliorated cisplatin toxicity. The following molecules protected hair cells from cisplatin-induced damage: GSH; glutathione diethyl ester (GSHe); ebselen (EBS); 4-methylthiobenzoic acid (MTBA); and D-methionine (D-MET). EBS, MTBA, and D-MET in vitro protection correlates with in vivo protection in rats. CONCLUSIONS: Organotypic culture of Corti's organ has been validated as a model for studying cisplatin toxicity and for screening otoprotective molecules. Some of the events that contribute to cisplatin's ability to damage auditory hair cells are generation of ROS (e.g., H2O2), depletion of intracellular GSH, and interference with antioxidant enzymes within the cochlea. Agents that bolster the cochlea's antioxidant system can prevent cisplatin destruction of auditory hair cells. Identified protective agents may prove to be clinically useful in limiting or completely protecting from cisplatin ototoxicity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

The endolymphatic sac: microsurgical topographic anatomy.

The endolymphatic sac is part of the membranous labyrinth; it plays an important role in the hearing mechanism. Injury to the endolymphatic sac may, over time, severely compromise hearing. The endolymphatic sac is located in a duplication of the dura of the posterior aspect of the petrous pyramid and is, therefore, in the surgical field of many neurosurgical operations performed on the posterolateral cranial base. The endolymphatic sac was exposed bilaterally in 10 anatomic specimens; the distance from the center of the sac to the posterior lip of the internal auditory meatus and to the XIth nerve in the jugular foramen was measured with a caliper. Also measured was the distance between the center of the sac and the closest point on the petrous ridge and the distance between that point and the petro-sigmoid intersection. The petro-sigmoid intersection was defined as the point at which the medial aspect of the sigmoid sinus intersects the lateral aspect of the petrous ridge. The dimensions of the sac were also recorded. On the average, the sac was found to be 15.7 mm posterosuperior (superolateral) to the XIth nerve in the jugular foramen (range, 11.0-18.5 mm) and 13.3 mm posterior (lateral) to the internal auditory meatus (range, 10.0-18.0 mm). The center of the sac was 24.1 mm (mean value) (range, 20.0-28.0 mm) in front of the petro-sigmoid intersection at a point 11.5 mm (mean value) (range, 8-17 mm) below the petrous ridge. The mean width and height of the sac were 3.83 (range, 2-6 mm) and 3.80 mm (range, 2.5-8 mm), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed1991

An enteric duplication cyst occurring in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Enteric duplication cysts are cysts that are attached to the alimentary tract and that are lined by some type of gastrointestinal mucosa. Such cysts are especially rare when found in the oral cavity. We report the case of an 8-month-old female with an unusual duplication cyst in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Eighteen cases of intraoral cysts have been previously reported in the literature, this one being the 7th case of a true duplication cyst of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue which contains gastric mucosa. The case presents many aspects of the diagnosis and management of this unusual lesion. The literature and present etiological theories are discussed.

Cysts↗
PubMed1981

Esthesioneuroblastoma.

A retrospective review of the clinical records of 31 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma is presented. A bimodal age distribution was noted. The tumor is extremely rare among blacks. Most patients presented with locally advanced disease. However, regional and distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis are uncommon. Local recurrence at the primary site was very common, and this reflects either the conservative initial surgical treatment employed or the multicentric nature of the tumor. Cervical lymph node metastasis is present in less than 10 percent of patients at the time of diagnosis. Survival rates were better in patients with early stages of disease. From this study we conclude that the current management of these tumors should consist of a combination of radiation and surgery. Radical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy appears to be the treatment combination of choice. The 5 year survival rate in our series was 52 percent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esthesioneuroblastoma.

A retrospective review of the clinical records of 31 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma is presented. A bimodal age distribution was noted. The tumor is extremely rare among blacks. Most patients presented with locally advanced disease. However, regional and distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis are uncommon. Local recurrence at the primary site was very common, and this reflects either the conservative initial surgical treatment employed or the multicentric nature of the tumor. Cervical lymph node metastasis is present in less than 10 percent of patients at the time of diagnosis. The survival rates were better in patients with early stages of disease. From this study, we conclude that the current management of these tumors should consist of a combination of radiation therapy and surgery. Radical resection followed by postoperative radiation therapy appears to be the treatment combination of choice. The five-year survival rate in our series was 52 percent.

Adolescent↗