[National survey on the treatment of cirrhotic ascites (ENTAC)].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J Fermanian
Publications and source records attributed to J Fermanian.
The detection of doubtful data: the program DOUBT.
The problem of the detection of erroneous data has led us to define the 'doubtful patients' as patients who have a small density. Our program DOUBT computes the densities associated with each patient by using the method of n nearest neighbors. Then the program allows us to define a density limit, and chooses the patients who have a smaller density then the doubtful patients. The remaining patients may be classified by the program.
Computers↗
[Statistical study of results of Hemalog D (author's transl)].
The data which Hemalog D obtains from blood samples of non hematologic patients have been analyzed statistically and compared with those obtained from an eye count. As well as usual statistical techniques, i.e. correlation coefficient and paired t-test, a more sophisticated multidimensional method was used : the Factorial Analysis of Correspondences. We have analyzed two samples. For the first sample, that of "all-comers", the reproductibility of the results given by the machine was shown to be excellent, and always superior to that of the eye count. The machinen-technician agreement is reasonably good except for the monocytes and basophiles. The preceeding conclusions were found to be true for the second sample, i.e. "with discrepancies", and in addition, it was shown that an eye count on 400 elements gives a result closer to that of the machine than does a reading on 100 elements.
Analysis of Variance↗
Standard and long-acting depot neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenics: an 18-month open multicentric study.
The overall objective of this 18-month open study was to compare standard neuroleptics and long-acting depot neuroleptics following the current psychiatric practice in order to determine the best therapy. Thirty French psychiatrists from 15 different wards participated in this experiment. One hundred eighty-one chronic schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following three treatments: standard neuroleptics, pipotiazine palmitate, or fluphenazine decanoate. Criteria used for evaluation were an overall clinical evaluation by a psychiatrist, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and a Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation. No significant difference (P greater than .05) was observed between the three groups in drug effectiveness or tolerance.
Adult↗
[Use of evaluation scales in psychopharmacology].
Rating scales are used to assess the intensity of psychiatric attributes such as anxiety and depression: they are generally composed of several items to be rated. They postulate: the continuity of the "measured" attribute; a monotonic attribute-item scores relationship; and the cancellation, within the final score of "parasitic" factors due to other features than the one which it is desired to measure. The main metrologic qualities are: sensitivity to states of different intensities, reliability in respect to time and rater, validity: relative to an external clinical classification, to another rating scale, or to known efficacy of a treament on the studied attribute. Self-rating scales avoid an intermediate rater and are easy to use. But they allow for no interpretation from external information, and cannot be used in patients with linguistic difficulties, or severely impaired. Scales rated by a rater consist of codification of a well-conducted interview. They allow for correction of erroneous answers from the patients. They may be affected by certain systematic rater errors (attenuation, central or extreme tendency, halo effect, etc...) which are decreased by training. The global score can be obtained by summing item scores, or from a factor analysis. Construction of a rating scale is a difficult task which implies a series of approximations to obtain, from an initial collection of items, satisfactory metrologic qualities. Translation and adaptation of a rating scale are difficult manoeuvres, which may jeopardize its validity.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Comparative study of urinary excretion rates of para-hydroxy-mandelic acid, homovanillic acid, vanylmandelic acid in cirrhotic patients with and without encephalopathy.
A comparative study of urinary excretion of octopamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline catabolic products, respectively parahydroxymandelic acid (PHMA) homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanylmandelic acid (VMA) was carried out in 27 cirrhotic patients with (11) and without (16) porto-systemic encephalopathy (P.S.E). PHMA, HVA and VMA were significantly higher in patients with PSE, and there was a positive correlation between PHMA and HVA, and between PHMA and VMA. Higher excretion of PHMA in patients with PSE strongly suggests an increased metabolism of octopamine. HVA and VMA increased excretion, and the positive correlations could be explained by the depletion of stored dopamine and noradrenaline. These observations support the hypothesis that octopamine acts as a false neurotransmitter, and the resulting depletion of dopamine and noradrenaline could explain the neuropsychic phenomena of PSE, and the awakening effect of L. Dopa treatment.
Aged↗
Prevention of hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients using hepatitis B immunoglobulin. A controlled study.
In a controlled study, the protection effect of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) was evaluated in patients hemodialyzed for less than one month in two collaborating units. Fifteen randomly selected patients received HBIG at five to eight week intervals throughout the study, and 13 other control patients received no immunoglobulin. During a follow-up period of 14 to 30 months, none of the HBIG-treated and 12 of the control patients developed evidence of exposure to virus B hepatitis, including 10 with HBs Ag antigenemia (p is less than 0.001): five of these remained persistently antigen positive. Evidence of non-B hepatitis was found in 8 HBIG-treated and in 3 non-treated patients. Only two HBIG-treated patients developed active antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen. Thus, HBIG seems effective in preventing hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients, provided the interval between two injections is not greater than two months. However, prolonged administration of HBIG may impair passive-active immunization to hepatitis B virus.
Adult↗
Neonatal polycythemia in low birthweight infant.
74 low birthweight infants haematologic findings were studied during the first 24 hours and at the 8th day of life. By statistical methods derived from the multivariate analysis: stepwise multiple regression analysis and factor analysis, correlations were investigated between haemogram data (red cells count, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels and 18 others parameters. Most of the infants with polycythemia have toxaemic mothers and were born after a long gestation: they are affected by intra-uterine growth retardation, have a low glycaemia level but a normal calcaemia level, a large skull perimeter and a small thymus volume. But no correlation was observed between polycythemia and the following data: heart volume, neonatal icterus intensity, reticulocytes and erythroblasts counts.
Calcium↗
Furosemide in acute oliguric renal failure. A controlled trial.
A randomized study was conducted on 66 patients with acute established oliguric renal failure. Intravenous doses of furosemide ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 mg/kg were given every 4 h to 33 of the patients; the remaining 33 patients served as controls. A persisting diuretic response was observed in 5 treated patients and in 2 controls. Hemodialyses were required in most of them. Furosemide did not significantly modify in cured patients the mean oliguric period, the number of dialyses and the mean period of renal insufficiency.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
[Sinus node function in man. Statistical analysis].
The sinus function of 60 patients was studied by atrial stimulation at a fixed rate, and also at a rate linked with the preceding sinus cycle. These patients were divided into 3 groups according to the surface-recorded ECG; 10 had clear evidence of sinus dysfunction, 23 had an isolated sinus bradycardia, and 27 were considered as controls a their sinus rate was above 60/min., with a normal PR interval. Calculation of the limits of tolerance showed that at the 5% level, 95% of the values for all the controls fell between 96.8 and 568.7 ms for the corrected post-stimulatory pause, and between 114.5 and 434.3 ms for the corrected maximum return cycle. A study of the distribution zones of the graph CT/CR-AA/AA proved that an absent zone II is a pathological finding. In the group of sinus bradycardias the limits of what constitutes pathology are less clear, and the situation is not improved by noting whether atrial "echos" are present or absent. Because there is a narrow positive correlation between the values given by the two methods, the physio-pathology of sinus dysfunction can be discussed.
Bradycardia↗
[Double blind study of vitamin E compared to placebo in the prevention of anemia in the low birth weight infant during the 7th week of life: therapeutic study].
alpha-tocopherol and placebo were compared by a double-blind trial to study their preventive effect on secondary anemia in a sample of low birth weight (less than or equal 2,500 g) infants. In the 7th week of life, hematological data from each of the two groups of infants (receiving vitamin E or placebo) were compared either by covariance analysis or by the t test of comparison of means. The infants who were given vitamin E have a higher serum level of vitamin E, a lower hemolysis, a higher erythrocyte count and a higher hemoglobin level than infants given the placebo. No significant difference was observed with respect to hematocrit or reticulocyte count. Thus, it appears that vitamin E has an effect on some of the factors in the anemia of infants of low birth weight.
Anemia, Neonatal↗
Lung function after neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Functional residual capacity (FRC), dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn) and lung resistance (RL) were measured in a group of 51 healthy children aged 18 months to 6 years (group A) and in a group of 69 survivors of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the same age (group B). Forty-four per cent of the latter had clinical and radiological abnormalities. In the healthy children significant correlations were found between FRC and height (p less than 0.01), CLdyn and height (P less than 0.01) and CLdyn and FRC (p less than 0.01) but a poor correlation existed between RL and height (p greater than 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups A and B in the slopes of the regression lines for FRC, CLdyn and RL against height, but the intercept for the regression lines relating to CLdyn and RL was lower in group B than in group A. Group B was divided into two subgroups according to the length of exposure to artificial ventilation with an FIO2 in excess of 60 %. A lower value for CLdyn was found in the sub-group with the longer exposure (greater than 120 hours) to a high FIO2, suggesting that this is an additional factor in causing lung damage.
Airway Obstruction↗
An acellular vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: homologous and crossed protection between serogroups according to Habs' classification.
Homologous and cross-reactions were studied in 16 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa belonging to different O serogroups according to Habs' classification. By slide agglutination, cross-reactions were rare between the strains of two or three serogroups: O2, O5 and O16; O1 and O9; O7 and O8; O13 and O14. Experiments of cross-protection have been performed in mice inoculated with acellular vaccines prepared from the 16 studied strains. A high homologous protection was observed with all the 16 strains, which is in favour of existence of an O serogroup-specific immunity. However, it exists some cross-protective reactions between the serogroups. This cross-protection allows to reduce the numbers of strains for a polyvalent vaccine. A classification of P. aeruginosa into 8 classes of related serogroups (A to H) is proposed which could be a basis for an antigenic classification of P. aeruginosa.
Agglutination Tests↗