Spontaneous symmetry breaking in needle crystal growth.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Ferry.
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Between June 1, 1983 and June 30, 1988, 174 patients with stress incontinence were treated with a colposuspension operation; 144 patients were cured, 30 remained wet. Sixteen patients who remained wet had detrusor instability; 9 of these were cured by anticholinergic medications. Of 25 patients who had dual pathology 19 were cured. Seventy nine patients had urinary tract infections. Two patients had ureteric obstruction due to kinking; it is postulated that this can be an infrequent and sometimes unavoidable complication.
Surgical exploration identified 40 patients with several enlarged parathyroid glands (two to five) out of a retrospective series of 500 cases of primary hyperthyroidism. Complete clinicopathological correlations were available in 27 cases (19 women and 8 men). Seven patients had a history of Wermer's syndrome (type I, MEN). Final diagnosis was as follows: double adenomas, 11 cases; primary hyperplasia, 16 cases. In two cases, there was a clear-cell hyperplasia, 16 cases. In two cases, there was a clear-cell hyperplasia with massive involvement of four parathyroid glands. The fourteen other cases presented with predominantly chief-cell hyper plasia; the involvement of the parathyroid glands was frequently asymmetrical, mainly or exclusively confined to two enlarged glands in 9 cases. The authors conclude that when a patient presents with two enlarged parathyroid glands, two diagnoses are possible--double adenoma or asymmetrical hyperplasia. Since anatomical study of the two enlarged glands is not always sufficient for accurate classification of the lesions, it is advisable to make a histological examination of a third.
The authors describe an oesophago-laryngoplastic technique using a retrosternal ileocolic graft and involving anterior pharyngotomy above the hyoid bone. The technique was applied to five cases of major destructive lesions of the hypopharynx with fibrotic stenosis, due to severe burns of the upper digestive tract by ingestion of caustic substances. Continuity between the oral cavity and the digestive tract was re-established in all cases.
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The third brachial pouch gives rise to the thymus and antero-inferior part of the parathyroid gland (P3). A P3 gland can develop in any region of the migration pathway of the thymus from the angle of the jaw to the pericardium. Rare high ectopia of a parathyroid adenoma of the "parathymus" was detected in two patients during repeat operations for primary hyperparathyroidism.
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The authors describe an original technique of excision in severe caustic burns of the upper digestive tract: oesophagectomy without thoracotomy. The new procedure avoids the wide pleural opening of the thoracic approach, which leads to frequent and often fatal respiratory and infectious complications, whereas extrapleural drainage of the mediastinum has always proved effective and safe. Five technically successful operations were performed in one year. One patient died on the 10th post-operative day of tracheal necrosis related of the burn and 4 patients survived. These preliminary results are encouraging.
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Pre-operative ultrasound echography (USE) was performed in 24 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical exploration showed 23 adenomas and was negative in 2 cases. USE gave 14 true positive, 3 false positive, 4 true negative and 6 false negative results. The specificity of the method was 79% and its sensitivity 93%. These figures are similar to those of recently published series. USE is a delicate but rewarding technique. In the hands of sonographists trained in cervical ultrasonography, it might eventually be used routinely to localize parathyroid tumours prior to surgery.
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During surgical cervical exploration of 30 patients with hyperparathyroidism (primary or secondary) 67 specimens have been collected: 22 adenomas, 2 glands of primary hyperplasia and 28 glands of secondary hyperplasia (in 7 patients). Fat content of parenchymal cells has been studied using Oil Red O stain on cryostat cut sections: this content is very low in hyperactive lands (adenomas, primary or secondary hyperplasias) and high in normal or suppressed glands, even enlarged. There is no correlation between parenchymal fat and stromal fat. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
In a recent series of 110 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, estimations of plasma immuno-parathormone (PTH) were carried out in fifty two patients. This estimation proved reliable, making possible the confirmation of the diagnosis. In the absence of renal insufficiency, there was a highly positive relationship between PTH levels and plasma calcium. The relationship between PTH and the weight of the parathyroid tumour was less significant. For technical reasons, this long and difficult estimation cannot be used on a routine basis. However, it is most useful in cases in which other laboratory findings are not typical.
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