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Biomedical subjects

J Field

Publications and source records attributed to J Field.

196 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacologic effect of aerosolized terbutaline sulfate in exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Bronchospasm can be induced in asthmatics when exercised according to a multistage branching treadmill protocol that allows them to achieve 80 per cent of maximal age-predicted heart rate. This degree of exercise is usually achievable and allows inducible bronchospasm to occur. This present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of terbutaline sulfate aerosol in exercise-induced broncho-spasm. Asthmatics were exercised to 80 per cent of their maximal heart rate, and FEV1.0 and MMEFR were assessed while standing using a Jones Pulmonar II waterless spirometer at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after exercise. After a standard rest period defined by a return to baseline of FEV1.0, MMEFR, and heart rate for 30 minutes, the subjects were administered either 0.50 mg aerosolized terbutaline sulfate or placebo and then exercised again. The pulmonary function parameters were again recorded after this exercise. Preterbutaline and postplacebo exercise resulted in a significant reduction in FEV1.0 and MMEFR, while after treatment with terbutaline not only did bronchospasm not occur but bronchodilation occurred (P less than 0.01). Inhaled terbutaline appeared to normalize the exercise tolerance of the asthmatics and restore physiologic pulmonary airway conductance according to the parameters of FEV1.0 and MMEFR.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental autoimmune gastritis: mouse models of human organ-specific autoimmune disease.

Experimental autoimmune gastritis (EAG) is an excellent model of human autoimmune gastritis, the underlying cause of pernicious anaemia. Murine autoimmune gastritis replicates human gastritis in being characterized by a chronic inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate in the gastric mucosa, destruction of parietal and zymogenic cells, and autoantibodies to the alpha-and beta-subunits of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase. Disease is induced strain specifically in gastritis-susceptible BALB/c mice by methods with a greater variety than those for most other experimental autoimmune diseases. The disease is induced in the regional gastric lymph node in which pathogenic CD4+ T cells are recruited. The model provides an excellent illustration of regulation by CD4+CD25+T cells, and, indeed, the removal of such regulatory cells, e.g., by neonatal thymectomy, is thought to be a major mechanism by which disease can develop. The culprit T helper type 1 (Th1) CD4+ T cells recognize either the alpha- or beta-subunits of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase, but the beta-subunit appears to be the initiating autoantigen, while the alpha-subunit may have a role in perpetuating disease. Since no specific environmental modifiers are identifiable, the origins of the disease are intrinsic; this is illustrated by the capacity of a cytokine (GM-CSF)-dependent inflammatory stimulus in the stomach to initiate EAG, according to a transgenic model in which thymectomy is dispensible. Thus, EAG is an exquisite model for a reductionist analysis of the multiple elements that in combination induce autoimmunity in humans.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responses of Entamoeba invadens to heat shock and encystation are related.

An Entamoeba invadens gene encoding a homologue of BiP/GRP78, a 70-kDa heat shock protein or chaperonin was cloned. The predicted E. invadens BiP contained an ATP-binding site, a substrate-recognition domain, and a carboxy-terminal KDEL-peptide. Messenger RNAs of E. invadens for BiP, for a 70-kDa heat shock cognate, for a cyst wall glycoprotein (Jacob), and for chitinase were all induced by heat shock and by encystation medium. The presence of Jacob in heat-shocked amebae was confirmed by confocal microscopy and suggests that heat shock and encystation responses in E. invadens are related.

Adaptation, Biological↗
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The personal touch.

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Dietetics↗
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Hi-tech but friendly.

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Activities of Daily Living↗
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A specialist role in patient nutrition.

This article explores the role of the nurse as a clinical specialist in patient nutrition. The author, who also holds the position of sister in charge of a medical ward, explains the benefits of nursing input to a multidisciplinary nutrition team with a hospital-wide remit. Research carried out by the team shows that improvements in patient care and financial savings can be made through skilled management of patient nutritional needs.

Humans↗
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Starved of attention.

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Accidents, Traffic↗
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Appetite for change.

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Food Service, Hospital↗