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Biomedical subjects

J Fiske

Publications and source records attributed to J Fiske.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Parkinson's disease and oral care.

Parkinson's disease is a relatively common, progressive, neurological disorder. Its key features of resting tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, restricted mobility and postural instability militate against independence for daily living, mobility, good nutrition and oral health. The successful management of the disease requires a multi-disciplinary approach in which the dietician, speech therapist, nurse and dental staff are pivotal members of the care team.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed2000

Value of routine evaluation of the voiding phase when performing urodynamic testing in women with lower urinary tract symptoms.

PURPOSE: Lower urinary tract symptoms in women are often evaluated by cystometrography. We only assessed the bladder response to filling and not the impact of abnormal voiding, which is known to cause lower urinary tract symptoms. We determined the prevalence of voiding abnormalities in women with lower urinary tract symptoms and compared cystometrography to cystometrography plus voiding pressure flow study for evaluating this condition. We also determined whether storage or voiding symptoms predicted abnormal voiding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 134 women who underwent video urodynamics with cystometrography and voiding pressure flow study to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients with a history of neurological disease, grade 4 pelvic prolapse or a primary complaint of stress incontinence were excluded from study. All participants completed an American Urological Association symptom index and scores were subclassified as total, storage and voiding. A diagnosis was made in each case based on cystometrography findings, while any additional diagnoses when applicable were based on the voiding pressure flow study. Symptom scores were compared in women in whom the voiding study did and did not add information. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 53.1 years (range 19 to 90). Voiding studies added information in 44 cases (33%), including dysfunctional voiding in 16, obstruction due to a moderate cystocele in 6, primary bladder neck obstruction in 6, external-detrusor sphincter dyssynergia as the initial presentation of neurological disease in 5, obstruction after incontinence surgery in 3, urethral stricture in 3, post-void contraction mimicking symptoms in 2, impaired contractility in 2 and an obstructing urethral diverticulum in 1. A total of 32 patients (24%) did not void during the study. Those with voiding abnormalities had higher total and voiding but similar storage symptom scores (23.1 versus 18.5, 12.3 versus 8.0 and 10.8 versus 10.5 points, p = 0.0008, 0.0001 and 0.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Women with lower urinary tract symptoms may have voiding abnormalities that are missed by cystometrography only. Voiding studies are useful for properly diagnosing and treating such cases. Women with abnormal voiding seem to have more severe voiding symptoms than those without such abnormalities. Occult neurological disease may also be identified in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Breaking bad news: a guide for dental healthcare professionals.

During their professional career most dental practitioners will be faced with a situation in which they have to break 'bad news'. This article examines the communication skills involved in breaking bad news to patients. The process is broken down into three broad stages: preparation; discussing the information; and reviewing the situation. Within each of these stages specific and practical recommendations are given. The importance of recognising the impact which such interactions have upon the dental practitioner is emphasised.

Dentist-Patient Relations↗
PubMed1999

Preliminary study of the impact of loss of part of the face and its prosthetic restoration.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Loss of a part of the face or having a congenitally missing ear, nose, or eye is likely to have both a social and a psychologic impact on those affected. The nature and extent of this impact has not been explored previously. The provision of facial prostheses is an increasingly viable and beneficial treatment option, but the psychologic and social adjustment to the prosthesis has not been described. PURPOSE: This study performed a preliminary investigation of patients' responses to loss of part of the face, and their perceptions of the prosthetic restoration of their missing facial part. METHODS: Nine individuals who had experienced prosthetic replacement of an ear, nose, or eye were interviewed. Interviews were semistructured, each respondent was interviewed individually and the interviewer followed a predetermined interview schedule. Themes emerging in the interviews were identified. RESULTS: The main themes relating to the loss of the facial part were the importance of the story of the loss, coping through bargaining, and the impact of the loss on relationships. The important themes identified in regard to the prosthesis were issues in the maintenance of the prosthesis and the reactions of other people to the prosthesis. CONCLUSION: Loss of part of the face requires great adjustment. The reactions of other people were marked. Provision of a facial prosthesis can assist in the process of adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Domiciliary dental care.

Domiciliary dental care is an important and growing area of treatment provision. However, adequate training is required in order to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to perform such care. This article draws attention to the likely increase in demand for domiciliary dental care services and the reasons for it; and highlights the issues and skills involved for dentists, hygienists and their teams in providing domiciliary dental care in order to facilitate quality of care and safe practice.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1998

The emotional effects of tooth loss in edentulous people.

AIM: To explore the range of reactions to, and feelings about, tooth loss. METHOD: In this qualitative study, 50 edentulous people undergoing routine prosthetic dental care were interviewed privately using a reflexive, in-depth technique. All the interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were scrutinised to identify the common themes related to tooth loss. Interpreter bias was minimised by two researchers scrutinising the transcripts independently. RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 69.9 years (range 51 to 86) and had been edentulous for a mean of 18.4 years (range 0.25 to 57 years). The main themes identified in reaction to tooth loss were: bereavement, lowered self-confidence, altered self-image, dislike of appearance, an inability to discuss this taboo subject, a concern about prosthodontic privacy, behaving in a way that keeps the tooth loss secret, altered behaviour in socialising and forming close relationships, premature ageing, and lack of preparation. CONCLUSION: Tooth loss can be disabling and handicapping. It has a profound impact on the lives of some people, even those who are apparently coping well with dentures. The profession needs to consider how it can prepare people for the effects of tooth loss.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

A self-help group for complete denture wearers.

Denture provision is a frequent source of frustration and misunderstanding for both patients and dentists. This study investigates the role of a self-help group in helping denture wearers with long standing problems to come to terms with their difficulties and to reduce their demands on the dentist. Eleven people with clinically satisfactory dentures and long standing perceived problems were invited to join the programme. Evaluation at 2 and 12 months afterwards indicated everyone had benefited in some way. Benefits included eating foods previously avoided, the opportunity for social intercourse and reducing the visits to the dentist.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Use of CHROMagar Candida medium for isolation of yeasts from dental samples.

A new differential medium, CHROMagar Candida, for the isolation of clinically important yeasts was investigated to determine its usefulness in facilitating the study of oral yeasts. The recovery of yeasts on the medium was not significantly different from the recovery on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The identities of 450 green colonies on CHROMagar Candida, presumptively identified as Candida albicans on the basis of the manufacturer's instructions, were confirmed by testing for beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. Candida tropicalis also formed distinctive colonies, and other yeasts including Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata, Candida Parapsilosis, Candida Magnoliae, Candida lusitaniae, Candida Famata, Candida kefir, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were readily distinguished from C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates. CHROMagar Candida is a very useful medium, and its use will facilitate the study of yeasts associated with dental diseases.

Candida↗
PubMed1994

Dental needs of pre-retirement and retired people in an inner-city area.

Perceived and normative dental needs were assessed for people of pre-retirement (55-64 years) and retirement age (65-74 years) in Camberwell, London, using a postal questionnaire and dental examination. Of the pre-retirement group, 77% were dentate compared with 65% in the older cohort. The younger age-group were more likely to believe teeth were more important and to perceive a need for dental care. People who attended for the examination were more likely to perceive a need for (64% and 15% respectively) and want treatment (39% and 17%) than non-examinees. Also, they were more likely to be unhappy with their appearance (43% and 20%) and to be in pain (42% and 21%). Treatment need was similar for both groups with regard to restorative and extraction needs. However, the retirement group were more likely to have deep periodontal pockets (33% and 8%) and a greater normative need for denture care.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Oral care of people with disability: a qualitative exploration of the views of nursing staff.

This study aimed to identify influences, attitudes and actions of nursing staff in relation to oral care for people with disabilities. Individual in-depth interviews of twenty two nursing staff were conducted. Enabling and inhibiting factors in the reported attitudes, approaches and practices were identified. The main enabling factors were that nursing staff saw mouth care as part of their role and took an empathic and caring approach to its delivery. They aimed to make the residents socially acceptable, improve their self-esteem and make their mouths clean and breath fresher. Inhibiting factors were: a lack of training, time constraints associated with workload, and poor understanding of the processes causing dental disease. The study concludes that improvements in oral care by nursing staff can be encouraged by working with nurses' attitudes, values and beliefs. Once the desired behaviour change has occurred then the lack of knowledge can be addressed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Death from cancer at home: the carers' perspective.

OBJECTIVES: To collect information from principal carers of people who had died at home with cancer; to identify areas of support which need improvement. DESIGN: Semistructured interviews with carers two to four months after the death. SETTING: 38 general practices in the Exeter, Torbay, and Plymouth health districts. SUBJECTS: 207 carers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Services received by carers and quality of support. RESULTS: 161 of 207 patients were aged 60 or over. 88 carers were aged under 60, 110 were 60-80, and 9 were > 80. Carers had difficulty in getting urgent professional help in only 15 out of 177 cases. 124 carers were not given advice on financial help and 174 were not told of support available from local charities. Although pain was well controlled, 25% of patients had no relief of other symptoms. Overall, 150 carers considered the support excellent, 45 good, 8 moderate, 2 poor, and 2 had no comment. CONCLUSIONS: Although care has improved in recent years, health professionals need to give carers more advice about help available outside health services. Domestic help was often needed earlier. Better appreciation of carers' problems is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Undergraduate teaching in geriatric dentistry.

In the last quarter of a century the elderly population has increased rapidly and now represents 18% of the UK population. The profile of the elderly population is changing. There is a projected increase in the number of people aged 75 and over of 46.4% between the years of 1985 and 2025. The expected rise in people aged 85 and over is even more dramatic at 99.2%.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1992

Coronary atherectomy: overview and implications for nursing.

Coronary atherectomy, a new invasive procedure for the treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease, consists of the excision and removal of atherosclerotic tissue from coronary artery walls. This article provides current information on atherectomy, including its potential advantages over percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Indications, limitations, medical research, and implications for nursing research are described. A case study is presented.

Atherectomy, Coronary↗
PubMed1992

Dental care for elderly people with a handicap.

In the elderly population there is an increased incidence of impairment and disability, but these only become a handicap if the dental services fail to take them into consideration. This paper identifies the barriers and how they can be overcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Dental needs of residents and carers in elderly peoples' homes and carers' attitudes to oral health.

The dental needs of elderly people in residential homes and of their carers were investigated. Also, the carers' attitudes to oral health for themselves and the elderly residents were explored. Professionally diagnosed or normative need was greater than lay persons' perceived need in both groups. Overall, carers' attitudes towards their own and the residents' oral health were positive. However, carers had experienced a lack of formal training opportunities for mouth care and 93% requested education in oral hygiene procedures. It is recommended that the dental team develops and provides oral care programmes which will enable carers to provide routine hygiene support for the residents.

Adult↗