Biomedical subjects

J Fontdevila

Publications and source records attributed to J Fontdevila.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Forehead flag flap.

We present a modification of the Okada and Maruyama's flap for forehead reconstruction, based solely on the supratrochlear vessels. The flap is raised extra-periosteally but in the area of the pedicle the periosteum is included in the flap to protect the vessels. The flap is advanced and rotated to cover full thickness defects on the contralateral hemi-forehead, like a flag on its flagpole. We have treated six patients with large malignant tumours of the forehead which required excision including the periosteum. The flap survived in all cases and no necrosis was observed in any. The main advantage of this flap is that it is relatively straightforward to raise, being a good solution in selected cases (elderly patients). The main disadvantages of this flap are that the supraorbital nerve is sacrificed and some distortion of the eyebrows occurs.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

HIV risks of men in methadone maintenance treatment programs who abuse their intimate partners: a forgotten issue.

Accumulating findings suggest a relationship between partner violence and HIV risk among women, however, this issue has yet to be adequately researched among men. This study examines the relationship between perpetrating intimate partner violence and HIV risk behavior among a sample of men in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs). Data were collected on 273 sexually active men, who were recruited from four inner-city MMTP clinics. More than a third of the sample reported perpetrating intimate physical abuse and 15% reported severe physical abuse in the past 12 months. Results from multiple logistic regression analyses indicate that after adjusting for demographic, poverty, and drug-use factors, men who abused an intimate partner were almost 4 times more likely to have more than one intimate partner, almost 3 times more likely to have unprotected anal sex, and 2.6 times more likely to have sex with a drug-injecting sexual partner than their counterparts. This study showed that men who perpetrated partner violence were at higher risk for HIV transmission. HIV prevention interventions need to consider the complex relationship between partner violence and HIV risk.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

An electropalatographic and acoustic study of temporal coarticulation for Catalan dark/l/ and German clear/l/.

Electropalatographic and F2 frequency data in /VlV/ sequences reveal more prominent C-to-V effects for Catalan dark /l/ than for German clear /l/, more so in the /i/ context than in the /a/ context, which is in agreement with the existence of high lingual requirements on the formation of two constriction places for dark /l/. German clear /l/ exerts a similar amount of F2 displacement on both vowels which may be indicative of the tongue dorsum being directed towards a target position; this is also suggested by dorsopalatal contact and formant frequency data showing less vowel-dependent variability than clear /l/ in other languages though more so than Catalan dark /l/. Salient anticipatory requirements for the implementation of /l/ in the two languages block V1-dependent carryover effects to a large extent which results in more prominent vocalic anticipation than vocalic carryover. This directionality trend in vocalic coarticulation is more obvious for Catalan dark /l/ than for German clear /l/ (in agreement with the former consonantal variety requiring more anticipation than the latter) and opposes German /l/ to clear /l/ in other languages (i.e., the less constrained /l/ variety of Spanish may favor vocalic carryover over vocalic anticipation in VCV sequences).

Humans↗

PubMed1995

Co-articulatory variability and articulatory-acoustic correlations for consonants.

This paper is an investigation of articulatory-acoustic correlations differing in degree of articulatory constraint. Data on F2 and on dorsopalatal contact (electropalatographic, EPG) were collected for the sequences /iCi/ and /aC./ with seven Catalan consonants differing in place and manner of articulation (velarised /l/, /n/, /n/, /s/, /f/, /l/, /p/). These consonants are characterised by different degrees of tongue dorsum constraint depending on their production requirements (dorsals > non-dorsals, fricatives > non-fricatives, etc.). The results showed an inverse relationship between vowel-dependent coarticulation and the degree of consonant-dependent articulatory constraint. F2 and dorsopalatal contact size were found to be positively correlated across consonants and speakers, and across consonants for each individual speaker. Correlation values were much lower for each consonant across speakers. These findings are discussed in the light of the acoustic theory of speech production and possible clinical applications are suggested.

Electrodiagnosis↗

PubMed1994

Electropalatographic data collected with and without a face mask.

This study investigates the extent to which the use of a face mask conveys linguopalatal contact changes during speech production. Electropalatographic data from five Catalan speakers were collected for different consonants, i.e., the alveolar stop [n], the alveolopalatal stop [n] and the palatal approximant [j], in the sequences [iCi] and [aCe]. Results for [n] indicate more closure retraction in the mask versus nonmask condition occurring presumably when the mask is pressed forcefully against the face in front of the mouth. The use of the mask for [n] and [j] causes an increase in dorsopalatal contact, which reflects most likely a strategy of articulatory and/or perceptual compensation.

Electric Stimulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Penile and urethral lesion caused by metallic ring. Reconstruction with radial free flap].

We report a case of a man with a severe penile injure caused by a metallic ring placed in the penile shaft for 48 hours, it coursed with partial urethral section and ischemia of the whole penile skin and dartos. It was solved with surgical excision of all death tissue and posterior reconstruction using a forearm free flap, the vascular supply came from epigastric vessels, we used hair-free skin from forearm for the urethroplasty. Ethetic and functional results obtained are successful.

Foreign Bodies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An electropalatographic study of alveolar and palatal consonants in Catalan and Italian.

Electropalatographic data for Catalan and Italian reported in this paper reveal the existence of two categories of palatal consonants, namely, alveolopalatals ([n], [lambda]) and palatals proper ([j]). All these consonants are produced with a single place of articulation and thus are not good candidates for complex segments involving a tongue front articulator and a tongue dorsum articulator. A higher degree of coupling between the primary articulator and other tongue regions for alveolopalatals and palatals than for alveolar [n] accounts for a reduced sensitivity to coarticulatory effects for the former vs. the latter. Alveolar-palatal correlations reported in this study support the notion of relative independence between different tongue articulators for non-dorsal vs. dorsal consonants. Differences in articulation and coarticulation were found for Italian vs. Catalan. In comparison with their Catalan counterparts, Italian shows the following properties: Consonants are more anterior, [n] allows less coarticulation at the alveolar zone (in line with the laminal nature of the consonant), and long alveolopalatals exhibit more contact and less coarticulation at the front palatal zone.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The converging epidemics of mood-altering-drug use, HIV, HCV, and partner violence: a conundrum for methadone maintenance treatment.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that partner violence may be associated with HIV risk behavior and drug use among women in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs), yet the mechanisms linking these overlapping problems remain unclear. The main purpose of this qualitative study is to explore in detail how drug-related activities and HIV risk behavior occur in the context of a recent episode of partner violence among women in MMTPs. METHOD: We conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews with 31 women who reported having experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner during the past year. Guided by existing research, feminist theory and trauma theory, we constructed a set of questions which were designed to explore multiple ways in which drug-related activities or HIV risk behavior may be linked directly or indirectly to the recent event. To examine the extent and significance of the woman sand/or her partner s drug-related activities or sexual HIV risk issues occurring immediately before, during and/or after the most recent event, we adapted a series of techniques for thematic analysis of qualitative data. RESULTS: Of the 31 women who reported recent events: 83.8 % (n=26) recalled recent events in which there was some drug-involvement; 40% (n=13) indicated that both she and her partner were involved in drug-related activities during the most recent event of partner abuse; 35% (n=11) reported that the partner was drug-involved; and only two women (6.4%) indicated that they alone had been drug-involved. One-fifth (19.3%, n=6) of the women indicated that they had used drugs immediately after the event because they were upset or in physical pain. One-fifth of the women (n=6) reported that they had coerced, unprotected sex during or after the most recent incident. CONCLUSIONS: The multiple ways in which the use of mood-altering drugs are related to partner violence and the occurrence of coerced, unprotected sex underscore the need to design specific interventions for preventing drug relapse, and HIV and HCV infection among abused women in MMTPs. Treatment and policy implications of study findings are discussed.

Adult↗